• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2003

In spite of The exterior design of buildings has a remarkably significant value in terms of public aspect some exposed architectural equipments spoil the appearance of building. The design elements of exposed architectural equipments were partially changed and assessed in the semantic differential method. Thus the aesthetically favorable impression and values of public interest were able to be increased. The reasons why those hideous exposed architectural equipments were constructed, seemed to be as follows; the builders' selfishness, the citizens' ignorance and the immature social institutions that cannot restrict undesirable design efforts. Building equipments located outside are not classified as major elements in building regulations and thus can be installed and altered without any limitations even though they have great effects on the shape and colors of a building. So we have more interest in exposed architectural equipments and more deliberation of exterior design of a building.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.705-716
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• 2003

Gradient elastic flexural beams are dynamically analysed by analytic means. The governing equation of flexural beam motion is obtained by combining the Bernoulli-Euler beam theory and the simple gradient elasticity theory due to Aifantis. All possible boundary conditions (classical and non-classical or gradient type) are obtained with the aid of a variational statement. A wave propagation analysis reveals the existence of wave dispersion in gradient elastic beams. Free vibrations of gradient elastic beams are analysed and natural frequencies and modal shapes are obtained. Forced vibrations of these beams are also analysed with the aid of the Laplace transform with respect to time and their response to loads with any time variation is obtained. Numerical examples are presented for both free and forced vibrations of a simply supported and a cantilever beam, respectively, in order to assess the gradient effect on the natural frequencies, modal shapes and beam response.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.479-494
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• 2012

This study explores a coefficient-based seismic capacity assessment method with a special emphasis on low-rise masonry in-filled (MI) reinforced concrete (RC) buildings subjected to earthquake motion. The coefficient-based method without requiring any complicated finite element analysis is a simplified procedure to assess the maximum spectral acceleration capacity of buildings. This paper first compares the fundamental periods of MI RC structures obtained, respectively, from experimental period data and empirical period-height formulas. The coefficient-based method for low-rise masonry buildings is then calibrated by the published experimental results obtained from shaking table tests. The comparison of the experimental and estimated results indicates that the simplified coefficient-based method can provide good approximations of the maximum spectral accelerations at peak loads of the low-rise masonry reinforced concrete buildings if a proper set of drift factors and initial fundamental vibration periods of structures are used.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.231-244
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• 2005

In recent decades, significant effort has led to risk-informed improvements to regulation. Performance-based approaches also promise significant gains in efficiency (level of safety versus effort). However, significant work remains to be done before performance-based approaches realize their full potential in regulation of nuclear power plants. This paper reviews key concepts related to performance-based regulation, discusses some applications of performance-based approaches, and identifies issues that still need to be addressed. Realistic, experience-based models of licensee performance are still lacking; this makes it difficult to assess the prospective effectiveness of any given regulatory approach, in light of the performance issues that it will actually face. Also, while 'compliance' is an intuitively straightforward concept to apply within a prescriptive implementation, its analog in a performance-based approach remains unclear. An overarching theme of the paper is that formal methods of decision analysis are very helpful in developing appropriate regulatory approaches, especially performance-based ones; this theme is illustrated at several points.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 1983

The traditional theories of games are based on an assumption that the payoffs have a single dimension. In reality, any alternative is likely to imply more than one payoff. This paper deals with the game against nature with vector payoffs. The purpose of this paper is to develop methods for finding the practical optimal strategy in the game against nature with vector payoffs. Under the assumption that a prior probability over the stats of nature is given, this paper shows that a practical optimal strategy in this game can be obtained by applying a entropy method in order to assess the payoff weight and by employing the concept of compromise solutions in order to reduce the non-dominated solutions. When subjective payoff weights are unknown as well as known, these methods can be used. A numerical example is given.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.16-24
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• 2010

This paper introduces the applications of Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System (TELES), which is developed by the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE). Seismic disaster simulation technology (SDST) integrates geographical information system to assess the distribution of ground shaking intensity, ground failure probability, building damages, casualties, post-quake fires, debris, lifeline interruptions, economic losses, etc. given any set of seismic source parameters. The SDST may integrate with Taiwan Rapid Earthquake Information Release System (TREIRS) developed by Central Weather Bureau (CWB) to obtain valuable information soon after large earthquakes and to assist in decision-making processes to dispatch rescue and medical resources more efficiently. The SDST may also integrate with probabilistic seismic source model to evaluate various kinds of risk estimates, such as average annual loss, probable maximum loss in one event, and exceeding probability curves of various kinds of losses, to help proposing feasible countermeasures and risk management strategies.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.269-276
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• 2004

Deterioration analysis was performed on carbody and bogies of a shunting locomotive, which has been used for shunting works in steel making processes. In this investigation, various types of technical evaluation methods for the locomotive were employed to assess the current deterioration status. Corrosion test and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques were employed to demonstrate the wear status of the carbody and bogie parts in the locomotive. Since the locomotive has been working under corrosive environment, the corrosion tests with x-ray analysis for exterior part of the locomotive were conducted to examine the evolution of corrosion reaction, and NDE techniques such as ultrasonic testing, magnetic particle testing, and x-ray radiography, were conducted on the carbody and bogies to inspect any possible inherent and/or in-service flaws. In this paper, the degree of deterioration in a shunting locomotive has been presented based on the analysis results.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.119-132
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• 1988

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the age-related and encoding-, or retrieval- conditions-related differences in recall and to assess any possible interaction between encoding and retrieval conditions. 108 first and fifth grade children and college adults were presented a 30 item set of pictures for recall it a 2-trial study-test procedure. The data were analyzed in 3(age) x 3(encoding condition) x 3(retrieval condition) x 2(trials) mixed analyses of variance with repeated measures on the last factor. The results indicated the age-related differences in recall and encoding conditions-related differences in recall in the fifth-graders and college adults. Also, the first and fifth grade children's recall was influenced by retrieval conditions. The fifth graders' recall was a function of the interaction of encoding and retrieval conditions.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to assess the dietary and nutritional status of thiamin in fourty-two elderly women. Dietary intake was determined by 24hour recall method and nutritional status of thiamin was determined by measurement of transketolase activity in erythrocytes. Average dietary intake of energy and thiamin were found to be low, and not more than 78% and 63.2% of Recommended dietary allowances(RDA) respectively. Transketolase activity in erythrocytes was distributed in the range of 0.227-0.589mU/mgHb and the mean value and 0.434mU/mgHb. The mean value of Thiamin pyrophosphate effect(TPP effect) was 24.0% and the range was from 9.36% to 83.9%. It appeared that 95% of 42 elderly women were severely or marginally deficient in thiamin status, showing 22 persons to be above 20% and 18 persons to be 15-20% of TPP effect. Transketolase activity and TPP effect did not show any significant correlation with dietary thiamin intake.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.73-82
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• 2000

The perceptual judgement of nasality is still used in the assessment of velopharyngeal incompetence, but it should not be the sole criterion for speech nasality. Objective procedures may be used to assess velopharyngeal function, for example, nasometer, aerodynamics, x-ray, electromyography, nasoendoscopy, and videofluoroscopy can be utilized. The nasometer employs noninvasive measurement methods and measures with high levels of accuracy. The aim of this study was to obtain comprehensive nasalance data for Korean children, aged 7 years, and to investigate any gender differences within that age group. The results were as follow: 1. Statistically, gender has no significant effect on the nasalance of vowels /a/, /i/, /o/, /u/, /je/, /wi/) but the nasalance of the vowels /e/, /ja/) was higher in males (p<0.05). 2. There was no statistically significant effect of gender in plosives /p/, /ph/, /p'/, /t/, /th/, /t'/, /k/, /kh/, /k'/), affricatives /c/, /ch/, /c'/), and fricatives /s/, /s'/, /$\int$/). 3. The nasalance of the nasal consonants, /m/, /n/, /an/) is higher in males and only /n/, /an/ were statistically significant (p<0.05).