• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidative effects of Paeonia lactiftora Pall. (PL) seed extracts and Forsythia viridissima Lindl. (FVL) extracts on the antioxidative defense system and lipid peroxidation in the erythrocytes of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 10 g were randomly assigned to nine experimental groups and fed 0.5 % cholesterol. The HC group did not receive any supplement, while the MP group was supplemented with 0.1 % methanol extract of PL seed, the MP2 group with 0.2 % methanol extract of PL seed, the EP1 group with 0.05 % ether-soluble fraction of PL seed, the EP2 group with 0.1 % ether-soluble fraction of PL seed, the MS1 group with 0.05 % methanol extract of FVL, the MS2 group with 0.1 % methanol extract of FVL, the ES group with 0.025% ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of FVL, and the ES2 group with 0.05 % ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of FVL. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum for 3 weeks. The erythrocyte SOD activity in the EP1 and EP2 groups increased 38% and 59%, respectively, when compared with the HC group, while the erythrocyte GSHpx activity in the EP1, EP2, and ES2 groups increased 30%, 31 %, and 29%, respectively, when compared with the HC group. The level of erythrocyte TBARS was significantly lower in the MP2, EP1, and EP2 groups than in the HC group, yet the level of serum TBARS was significantly lower in the all supplemented groups than in the HC group. The level of serum HDL- TBARS was significantly lower in the EP1 and EP2 groups than in the HC group, while the level of serum LDL- TBARS was significantly lower in the all the supplemented groups than in the HC group. Accordingly, the results indicated that the PL seed extracts and FVL extracts reduced oxidative damage by activating the antioxidative defense system in the erythrocytes of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1262-1266
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate peroxidative damage and antioxidative defense systems such as superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH Px), glutathione S transferase (GST) and vitamin E of liver in rat exposed microwave. Sprague Dawley male rats 200$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to normal and microwave(MW) groups. After rats were irradiated with microwave at frequency of 2.45GHz for 15min, the change patterns of antioxidative defense system and peroxidative damage of liver tissue in MW group were investigated for 16 days(the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 16th days) compared with those of normal group. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in MW group was increased at the 2nd day compared with that of normal group, but not significantly. The glutathione peroxidase(GSH Px) in MW group was decreased to 24% and 25% at the 4th and 6th days, respectively, compoared with that of normal group, but GSH Px was increased to level of normal group at the 16th day. The activity of glutathione S transferase(GST) in MW group was decreased at the 2nd day after irradiated with microwave, but GST showed to that of normal group at the 16th day. The content of vitamin E in MW group was lower than that of normal group at the 6th and 8th days after the irradiation, but was recovered to the level of normal group at the 16th days. The content of thi obarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) of liver in MW group was increased to 28.9%, 53.8%, 69.7% and 30.2% of normal group at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th days after the irradiation, respectively, but recovered to the level of normal group at the 16th day. The present results indicated that antiox idative defense systems of rats irradiated microwave was weaken more than that of normal group, which lead to acceleration of lipid peroxidation.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2001

납중독에 따른 식이내 Se 함량이 간조직의 산화적 손상을 방어할 수 있는 가를 관찰하기 위해 140g 내외의 흰쥐 Sprague-Dawley종 수컷을 정상군과 식이 내에 납 함량을 2,000 ppm 투여한 납투여 실험군으로 나누고 다시 식이내 Se 수준에 따라 0 ppm(Pb0군), 0.5 ppm(PbS군), 1.0 ppm(PbSS군) 식이군으로 나누어 4주간 사육한 후 간장 중 SOD. GSH-Px, GST 등 항산화효소의 활성을 측정하고, GSH 및 비타민 E 함량을 측정하였다. 또한 전자현미경을 통하여 간세포의 소기관을 관찰하였다. 1. 간장 중 SOD는 Pb0군이 다른 군에 비해 다소 높았다. GSH-Px 활성은 Pb0군은 정상군에 비해 현저하게 감소되었으나 PbS군과 PbSS군간은 Pb0군에 비해 증가되었다. GST활성은 Pb0군만 정상군에 비해 감소되었고 PbS, PbSS,군은 정상군 수준이었다. 2. GSH 함량은 정상군에 비해 Pb0군에서 낮았으나 정상군과 PbS. PbSS군은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. GSSG는 GSH와 반대로 Pb0군에서 증가되었으며 GSH/GSSG는 GSH함량과 같은 경향이었다. 또한 간조직 중의 비타민 E함량은 Pb0군은 정상군에 비해 약 50% 정도의 수준이었고 PbSS군과 PbS군은 Pb0군에 비해 증가되었다. 3. 전자현미경적 관찰에서는 RER의 감소, 라이소솜의 증가, 미토콘드리아의 종창 등을 나타내었는데 그 정도는 PbSS, PbS, Pb0군 순으로 심하게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 식이 중 Se의 다량 첨가는 납중독으로 인한 간조직의 항산화계를 강화시키고 세포 소기관들의 산화적 손상을 현저하게 완화시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E and selenium on the antioxidative defense mechanism in the liver of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats(120$\pm$10gm) were randomly assigned to one control and five STZ-diabetic groups. Diabetic groups were classified to STZ-0E (vitamin E free diet), STZ-40E(40mg vitamin E/kg of diet), STZ-400E(400mg vitamin E/kg of diet), STZ-S(0.5ppm Se/kg of diet) and STZ-400ES(400mg vitamin E and 0.5ppm Se/kg of diet) according to the level of vitamin E and selenium supplementation. Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous adminstration of 55mg/kg of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4-weeks feedng of six experimental diets. Animals were sacrificed at the 4th day of diabetic states. Activities of the serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT) and the glutaminc pyruvate transaminase(GPT) in STZ-0E, STZ-40E and STZ-S rats were higher than those of control. Liver xanthine oxidase activities were similar to serum GOT and GPT. Liver superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were higher in STZ-0E and STZ-40E groups by 33%, 22%, respectively than that of control. Glutathione S-transferase(GST) activities of liver were similar to GSH-Px activities. The contents of vitamin E in liver tissue were significantly lower STZ-0E, STZ-40E and STZ-S groups by 50%, 36%, 45% than that of control. Reduced glutathione(GSH) contents of liver were lower STZ-0E, STZ-40E, STZ-400E, STZ-S and STZ-400ES groups by 57%, 51%, 19%, 18%, 12% than that of control. Lipid peroxide values (LPO) in liver were higher 5.6, 2.3 and 2.3 times in STZ-0E, STZ-40E and STZ-S group than that of control. The present results indicate that STZ-induced diabetic rats are more sensitive to oxidative stress, leading to the acceleration of lipid peroxidation process, which can be more accelerated by feeding the low level of dietary vitamin E. In the coincident supplementation of high dietary vitamin E and selenium antioxidative enzymes activities and physiolosical antioxidants were increased more than those of the separate supplementation of vitamin E or selenium. Therefore, dietary vitamin E and selenium reduced peroxidative damage of tissue, promoting antioxidative defense mechanism against lipid peroxidation by diabetes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.734-740
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea catechins on the antioxidative defense enzyme activity of kidney in diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighting 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal and three STZ-induced diabetic groups; catechin free diet(DM-0C group), 0.25% catechin diet(DM-0.25C group) and 0.5% catechin diet(DM-0.5C group). Diabetes was induced by intravenous of 55mg/Kg body weight of STZ in sodium citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4 weeks feeding of experimental diets. Rats were sacrified at the 6th day of diabetic states. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in kidney was decreased by 25% and 20% in DM-0C and DM-0.25C groups compared with normal group, DM-0.5C group was not significantly different when compared with normal group. Glutathione peroxidase(GSHpx) activity in kidney was were no significant differences the diabetic groups compared to normal group. Xanthin oxidase(XOD) activity was increased by 110% and 63% in DM-0C and DM-0.25C groups compared with normal group, DM-0.5C group was not significantly different when compared with normal group. The contents of superoxide radical(O$_2$)in kindney were 116% and 33%, respectively, higher in DM-0C and DM-0.25C groups than normal group. DM-0.5C group and normal groups were similar levels in their superoxide radical contents of kidneys. Levels of TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) in kidney were increased by 62% in DM-0C group, when compared with normal group, but those of DM-0.5C group were similar to that of normal groups. These results indicate that free radical generation system was weakened and free radical scavenger system was enhance in kidney of STZ-induced diabetics rats by dietary catechin. Thereby it may reduce renal disorders such as oxidative damage and aging of tissue.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2011

This study investigated the antioxidative action of Corni Fructus aqueous extract on kidneys of diabetic mice. The electron donating abilities of Corni Fructus aqueous extract and its antioxidant activities (XO, SOD, CAT, GST, eNOS) in kidneys of C57BL/6 or db/db mice were evaluated. For in vivo study, seven week-old male mice were divided into normal control group (NC, C57BL/6 mice), diabetic control group (DC, db/db mice) and Corni Fructus (500 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) treated diabetic group (DCF, db/db mice). The electron donating abilities of Corni Fructus aqueous extract exhibited 7%, 24.4%, and 42.7% at concentrations of 100, 500, and $1000\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The activity of XO in the DCF group was significantly lower than the DC group by 35% (p < 0.05). The SOD activity was significantly higher in the DCF group than the DC group by 26% (p < 0.05). The activities of CAT and GST were lowered in the DCF group than the DC group by 26% (p < 0.05) and 7.6%, respectively. The mRNA expression of eNOS in kidneys was lower in the DCF group than the DC group by 24%. These results indicate that Corni Fructus reduced oxidation stress as evidenced by the restoration of the enzymatic antioxidative defense system in renal tissues of db/db mice. It is suggested that these antioxidative actions of Corni Fructus on renal tissues in db/db mice could contribute to its renoprotective effects on diabetic nephropathy.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1356-1362
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• 2006

본 연구는 함초의 효소적 가수분해물이 고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐의 항산화계와 지질과산화에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 실험 동물은 체중 $150{\pm}10g$ 내외의 Sprague-Dawley 종 수컷 흰쥐를 사용하였으며, 정상식이 대조군(N), 정상식이에 함초 열수추출물 2% 공급군(NW-2), 고콜레스테롤식이 대조군(C) 및 고콜레스테롤식이에 함초 열수추출물을 각각 1%(CW-1), 2%(CW-2) 및 4%(CW-4) 공급한 군으로 하여 총 6군으로 나누었다. 식이 및 식수는 자유섭취하게 하였으며 3주간 사육한 후 희생시켰다. 체중증가량은 N군에 비해 C군에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 함초추출물 공급군들은 C군에 비해 다소 감소하였으나 유의적인 수준은 아니었다. 간조직 손상의 지표를 나타내는 GOT및 GPT 효소활성 변화를 측정한 결과 GOT는 각 군간에 유의성이 없었으나 GPT는 고콜레스테롤 식이 대조군에 비해 함초추출물 1% 및 2% 공급군에서 유의적으로 감소하여 함초의 효소적 가수분해물은 간독성에 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 간조직 중의 항산화 방어계의 효소 활성을 측정한 결과 SOD 활성은 C군에 비해 함초추출물 공급군에서 다소 증가하였으며, 특히 함초추출물 2%를 공급한 CW-2군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. GSHpx 활성은 함초추출물 공급군에서 증가하는 경향이었으며 특히 함초추출물 4% 공급군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. Catalase 활성은 함초추출물 공급군에서 다소 증가하였으나 각 군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 한편, 조직의 과산화적 손상의 지표가 되는 간조직의 TBARS 함량은 C군에서 N군에 비해 30% 증가되었으나 함초추출물 2%와 4% 공급군에서 C군에 비해 각각 23%와 26%씩 감소되었다. 또한, 간조직의 mitochondria에서 carbonyl 함량을 측정한 결과 N군에 비해 C군에서 29% 증가하였으나 함초추출물을 각각 1%, 2% 및 4% 공급한 군들에서 각각 31%, 30%및 26%씩 감소하여 정상군 수준이었다. 그러나 간조직의 microsome에서는 실험군 간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 이러한 결과로부터 함초의 효소적 가수분해물은 고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐 간조직의 항산화계를 강화시켜 조직의 산화적 손상을 감소시키는 항산화 효과가 있음이 규명되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of water extracts from red pepper seeds powder on antioxidative enzyme activities and oxidative damage in groups of rrats fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diets group (HFC). The Rrats were divided into the following five experimental groups which are : composed of a normal diet group, a high fat high cholesterol diet group, and a high fat high cholesterol diet group supplemented with different amounts contents (1%, 2% and 4%) of red pepper seeds powder water extracts supplemented groups (HFCW1, HFCW2 and HFCW4, respectively). Body weight gains and food intake were lower ofin the red pepper seed water extracts groups were lower than those inof the HFC group. Hepartic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity was decreased in the HFCW2 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepartic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activitiyactivity was increased in the HFCW4 group compared to the HFC group. Hepatic superoxide radicals within the mitochondria and microsomes of cells were significantly reduced in the HFCW2 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepartic hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol was significantly reduced in the HFCW3 and HFCW4 groups compared to the HFC group. Hepatic carbonyl values in the microsomes and mitochondria were significantly reduced in the HFCW4 group compared to the HFC group. Hepartic thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) activity was decreased in the HFCW2 group compared to the HFC group. These results suggest that water extracts of red pepper seeds powder may reduce oxidative damage by activation of antioxidative defense systems in rats fed high fat-high cholesterol diets.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐에서 뱀딸기풀 파우더가 간조직의 항산화작용에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 실험군을 4군으로 나누어 정상 식이군(N 군), 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이군(HF 군), 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이에 뱀딸기풀 파우더를 5% 첨가한 군(DA 군), 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이에 뱀딸기풀 파우더를 10% 첨가한 군(DB 군)으로 나누었다. 식이 및 식수는 자유섭취하게 하였으며 4주간 사육한 후 희생시켰다. 간 조직 중의 항산화 효소계인 GSH-px 및 catalase 활성은 정상군(N 군)에 비해 HF 군에서는 유의적으로 감소되었으나 HF 군에 비해 뱀딸기풀 파우더 공급군(DA 및 DB 군)에서는 유의적으로 증가되었다. 유리기를 소거하는 지표인 간조직의 superoxide radical 함량을 microsome에서 측정한 결과 정상군에 비해 HF 군에서 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으나 뱀딸기풀 공급으로 유의하게 감소되었다. 또한 mitochondria에서는 HF 군에 비해 DB 군에서 정상군 수준으로 감소되어졌다. 간조직의 cytosol에서 $H_2O_2$의 함량에서는 DA 및 DB 군 모두에서 유의적인 감소로 정상군 수준을 나타내었다. 간조직의 microsome 및 mitochondria에서의 산화단백질 함량은 정상군에 비해 HF 군에서 유의적으로 증가 되었으나 뱀딸기풀 파우더의 공급으로 유의적으로 감소하였다. 과산화지질의 함량을 간조직에서 관찰 한 결과, 정상군에 비해 HF 군에서 유의적으로 증가하였고, 또한 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이로 인해 증가된 과산화지질은 뱀딸기풀 파우더를 공급한 군에서 감소를 나타내었으며, 특히 10% 공급한 군에서 유의한 결과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 뱀딸기풀에 함유된 여러 항산화성분들은 효과적으로 활성산소종을 소거하여 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이로 인해 유발된 산화적 손상을 효과적으로 완화시켰을 것이라 사료되어진다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2014

This study investigated the influence of different durations of aerobic exercise on fuel utilization, lactate levels and antioxidative status in trained rats. Forty rats underwent physical training (T, n = 20) or non- training (NT, n = 20) for 6 weeks. For physical training, animals exercised on a treadmill for 30 min 5 days per week. At the end of week 6, the animals in each group were subdivided into BE, DE-0.5, DE-1 and DE-2, which were sacrificed at the end of week 6 without having performed exercise or after exercise on a treadmill for 0.5h, 1h and 2h, respectively, immediately before being sacrificed. The plasma glucose level in DE-2 of the NT group was significantly lower than in the other groups. Muscle and liver glycogen levels were significantly lower in DE-1 and DE-2, but there were no significant differences between DE-1 and DE-2 in the T group. Liver protein in DE-2 of the NT group was significantly lower. Muscle TG levels were decreased in DE-0.5 of the T group, while those of the NT group were decreased in DE-1. FFA levels were increased in DE-0.5 of the T group and in DE-1 of the NT group. Lactate levels were increased in DE-0.5 of the NT group, while they were increased in DE-1 of the T group. Catalase activity of the T group was lower in BE but higher in DE-0.5, DE-1 and DE-2. SOD activities were higher in trained rats, while the GSH/GSSG ratios were higher in BE, DE-0.5 and DE-1 in the T group, and there was no difference in that of DE-2. There were no differences in MDA levels in BE and DE-0.5, but they were significantly lower in DE-1 and DE-2 of the T group. Overall, the results of this study, suggest that training may improve exercise performance by facilitating the mobilization and oxidation of fat and conserving limited carbohydrate storage, and that it may delay the onset of fatigue and enhance the antioxidative defense system, but cannot support two hours of vigorous exercise.