• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권3_spc호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2021

Objective: Astaxanthin is a natural super antioxidant. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of astaxanthin rich Phaffia rhodozyma (PR) supplementation in diets on laying production performance, egg quality, antioxidant defenses and immune defenses in laying hens. Methods: A total of five hundred and twelve 60-week-old Lohmann Brown laying hens (2,243±12 g) were randomly assigned to four groups, each including 4 replicates with 32 birds per replicate. Astaxanthin rich PR was added to corn-soybean meal diets to produce experimental diets containing 0 (Control), 800 mg/kg, 1,200 mg/kg, and 1,600 mg/kg PR, respectively. The astaxanthin content in the diet was 0.96 mg/kg, 1.44 mg/kg and 1.92 mg/kg respectively. Results: Results showed that dietary PR supplementation tended to increase daily feed intake (p = 0.0512). There was no effect of astaxanthin rich PR on Haugh units, albumen height, egg shape index, eggshell strength, and eggshell thickness at weeks 6 (p>0.05). However, egg yolk color was significantly improved (p<0.05). In addition, astaxanthin rich PR supplementation significantly increased serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity (p<0.05), increased serum immunoglobulin G content (p<0.05), and reduced malondialdehyde content (p<0.05) in laying hens. Conclusion: In conclusion, astaxanthin rich PR can improve the color of egg yolk, enhance the antioxidant defenses, and regulate the immune function.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.1053-1064
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• 2023

Melatonin, which is produced from tryptophan, exerts various biological functions, including the regulation of circadian rhythm, sedative agents, and antioxidant ability. Therefore, we conducted two experiments with early-weaned rats and pigs to investigate the antioxidant and sedative effects of melatonin. In the rat experiment, a total of 42 rats (21 days old) were used, and the antioxidant capacity was determined. Next, we used 120 early-weaned piglets (21 days old) to conduct a 5-week experiment to evaluate the reductive effect of melatonin on energy-wasting movement, including roaming and fight states. Dietary melatonin supplementation significantly improved growth in both rats and pigs compared to the control groups. Additionally, rats fed a melatonin-supplemented diet showed advanced antioxidant capacity with a decrease in hepatic malondialdehyde concentration compared to rats fed a basal diet. Moreover, dietary melatonin ingestion increased resting and feeding behaviors and reduced roaming and fight behaviors during Days 8-21 compared to the control diet group. Collectively, early weaned animals given dietary melatonin supplementation showed improved growth through upregulation of hepatic antioxidant capacity and minimization of energy-wasting behavior, including roaming and fight states, after pigs' social hierarchy establishment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.958-965
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• 2015

Lycopene, a red non-provitamin A carotenoid, mainly presenting in tomato and tomato byproducts, has the highest antioxidant activity among carotenoids because of its high number of conjugated double bonds. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lycopene supplementation in the diet on plasma lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in feedlot lamb. Twenty-eight Bamei male lambs (90 days old) were divided into four groups and fed a basal diet (LP0, 40:60 roughage: concentrate) or the basal diet supplemented with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg lycopene. After 120 days of feeding, all lambs were slaughtered and sampled. Dietary lycopene supplementation significantly reduced the levels of plasma total cholesterol (p<0.05, linearly), total triglycerides (TG, p<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p<0.05), as well as atherogenic index (p<0.001), whereas no change was observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p>0.05). The levels of TG (p<0.001) and LDL-C (p<0.001) were decreased with the feeding time extension, and both showed a linear trend (p<0.01). Malondialdehyde level in plasma and liver decreased linearly with the increase of lycopene inclusion levels (p<0.01). Dietary lycopene intake linearly increased the plasma antioxidant vitamin E level (p<0.001), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, p<0.05), and activities of catalase (CAT, p<0.01), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, p<0.05) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, p<0.05). The plasma T-AOC and activities of GSH-Px and SOD decreased with the extension of the feeding time. In liver, dietary lycopene inclusion showed similar antioxidant effects with respect to activities of CAT (p<0.05, linearly) and SOD (p<0.001, linearly). Therefore, it was concluded that lycopene supplementation improved the antioxidant status of the lamb and optimized the plasma lipid profile, the dosage of 200 mg lycopene/kg feed might be desirable for growing lambs to prevent environment stress and maintain normal physiological metabolism.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary glucose oxidase (GOD), catalase (CAT), or both supplementation on reproductive performance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in sows. Methods: A total of 104 multiparous sows were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 26) with each group given a basal diet, basal diet plus GOD at 60 U/kg, basal diet plus CAT at 75 U/kg, and basal diet plus GOD at 60 U/kg and CAT at 75 U/kg. Sows were fed the experimental diets throughout gestation and lactation. Results: Dietary GOD supplementation increased average daily feed intake of sows and litter weight at weaning (p<0.05). Dietary CAT supplementation reduced the duration of parturition, stillbirth, and piglet mortality and increased growth performance of weaned piglets (p<0.05). Dietary GOD and CAT supplementation enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and lessened oxidative stress product levels in plasma of sows and elevated antioxidant capacity of 14-day milk and plasma in weaned piglets (p<0.05). Dietary GOD supplementation increased fecal Lactobacillus counts and reduced Escherichia coli counts of sows (p<0.05). Compared with the basal diet, the GOD diet reduced fecal Escherichia coli counts of sows, but the addition of CAT did not reduce Escherichia coli counts in the GOD diet. Dietary GOD and CAT supplementation reduced the apoptosis rate of the liver, endometrium, and ovarian granulosa cells in sows (p<0.05). In the liver, uterus, and ovary of sows, the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was downregulated by dietary GOD and CAT supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary GOD and CAT supplementation could improve the antioxidant capacity of sows and weaned piglets, and alleviate hepatic, ovarian and uterine apoptosis by weakening apoptosis-related gene expression. Glucose oxidase regulated fecal microflora of sows, but supplementation of CAT to GOD could weaken the inhibitory effect of GOD on fecal Escherichia coli.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2013

A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary spirulina and quercetin on growth, innate immunity, disease resistance and dietary antioxidant capacity in the juvenile olive flounder. Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight, $2.9{\pm}0.01g$) were fed one of isonitrogenous (48% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.4 MJ/kg DM) experimental diets containing 0% spirulina (as a control), 3.4% spirulina, or 6.8% spirulina with or without supplementation of 0.5% quercetin (designated as CON, SP3.4, SP6.8, and SP6.8 + Q, respectively) at a rate of 3% body mass twice daily. Higher dietary antioxidant capacity was found with spirulina supplementation, and the highest value (P < 0.05) was obtained with SP6.8 + Q diet. At the end of the feeding trial, no significant effects were observed on growth performance, body composition and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda. Lysozyme activity was significantly increased by spirulina supplementation (P < 0.05), and the highest value was observed in the group fed SP6.8 + Q diet. Also, significantly higher respiratory burst activity (P < 0.05) was found in SP3.4 group. According to the results of this study, dietary supplementation of 3.4% spirulina may enhance innate immunity of olive flounder.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.547-560
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• 2022

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of peanut shell extract on the growth performance and physiological properties of broiler chicks. Two diet energy levels (Positive and Negative) and four additives (0.0, 0.05, and 0.1% peanut shell extract and commercial antioxidant) were factorially arranged for eight treatments. The overall weight gain of the broilers was slightly improved at 0.05% for the antioxidant treatments regardless of the diet energy levels, but there was no statistical difference among the treatments (p > 0.05). The carcass characteristics of the broilers, such as cooking loss, crude protein content, antioxidant activity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, were improved by the feeding diets containing the 0.05% peanut shell extract. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the dietary supplementation of peanut shell extract did not have a negative effect on the immune responses of the broilers show by the lack of statistical differences in the liver and bursa Fabricious weight and cytokine level among the treatments. From the economic analysis, dietary supplementation of peanut shell extract significantly influenced the compensatory growth and food efficiency and, in turn, led to a decrease in the duration needed to reach 1.5 kg compared to the control. These results suggest the possibility that the peanut shell extract could be used as a functional feed additive by improving the growth performance and carcass characteristics with no detrimental effects on broilers.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2003

We developed a dietary supplement using natural herbs and nutrients for the growth and exercise performance improvement. It called 50-22 supplement containing distilled extracts of natural herbs to remove bitterness and the addition of Vitamin B1, B6, Ca and xylitol. We investigated on the effect of 10-22 supplementation on the maximal exercise performance, IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor-1) concentration and antioxidant activity in SD rat model. In result, JR-22 supplement group was better than control group about 10％ in exercise performance test and increased about 63％ of IGF-1 concentration in blood. In addition, the oxidative damage induced by exercise was reduced by JR-22 supplementation. Therefore, we suggested that 50-22 supplementation enhanced effectively exercise performance and IGF-1 concentration and reduced to oxidative stress in muscles. Also, we analysed biochemical factors in blood for the safety of JR-22 supplement. We known that there is no change of blood lactic acid, ammonia, inorganic phosphorous ion and creatine kinase activity. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(3) : 349∼355, 2003)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 녹차 건분 식이나 항산화 비타민 보충식이가 뇌 조직의 항산화능 증진효과를 가지고 있는지를 보고자, 생후 9개월령과 12개월령 Sprague-Dawley종 실험동물에게 3% 녹차 건분식이와 항산화 비타민 보충식이를 3주간 공급하였다 희생 후 뇌 조직을 대뇌, 소뇌, 선조체, 해마로 나누어 malondialdehyde (MDA)의 함량과 catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) , glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)의 활성을 측정하였다. 본 실험 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 3% 녹차 건분 식이의 공급은 선조체 내 SOD활성과 대뇌 내 GSH-Px활성을 12개월령에서 증가시키는 것으로 나타났고, 녹차군과 항산화 비타민군의 항산화능에는 서로 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 가령에 따라 부위별 뇌조직의 MDA 함량은 증가하였고, GSH-Px 활성은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다 이러한 결과는 3% 녹차 건분 식이의 항산화능 증진효과가 녹차 건분에 함유된 항산화 비타민에 기인한 것일 수 있으며 , 가령에 따라 항산화 효소 활성의 변화가 효소의 종류에 따라 달라질 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of L-carnitine on the components of serum and liver and the effects on the anti-oxidant system. For this purpose, five experimental groups were setup. For fat source, perilla oil enough with unsaturated fatty acid and beeftallow enough with saturated fatty acid were supplemented together with L-carnitine to the rats. Five experimental groups kept eight Sprague-Dawley rats respectively, They were co group supplemented with basic diet or AIN-93, PO group supplemented with perilla oil, POC group supplemented with perilla oil and L-carnitine, BT group supplemented with beeftallow, and BTC group supplemented with beeftallow and L- carnitine. The results are. 1) Weight gain, food intake and FER were not different significantly among the experimental groups. 2) Significant difference was observed in serum total lipid(P<0.05), serum triglyceride(P<0.05), serum total cholesterol (P<0.05)and serum LDL cholesterol(P<0.05). Serum total lipid and serum triglyceride were significantly low in the groups supplemented with L-carnitine. Serum total cholesterol showed difference with the supplementation of L-carnitine in BTC only. LDL cholesterol showed no significant difference with the supplementation of L-carnatine, but total values of LDL-cholesterol were high in groups supplemented with beeftallow. 3) Total cholesterol in liver was low in POC group with the supplementation of L-carnitine however, there was no difference in BTC group with the supplementation of L-carnitine. In summary, dietary L-carnitine did not influence the weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratio among the experimental groups, but had an effect of lowering the serum total lipid and triglyceride significantly in both groups which were supplemented with L-carnitine. The effect of lowering of sew total cholesterol with the supplementation of L-carnitine in beeftallow group(BTC) only. The effect of lowering of liver total cholesterol with the supplementation of L-carnitine in perilla oil group(POC) only.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 소아정신과에서 자폐로 진단받은 아동을 대상으로 항산화비타민을 공급하기 전후를 비교하여 신체 계측과 모발 내 유해 무기질 함량, 혈장 내 항산화 체계를 관찰하였고 혈장 지질 및 간 기능에 미치는 영향, 자폐성향 측정 및 사회성숙도를 비교하였다. 항산화비타민 섭취 전과 후의 영양소 섭취량을 조사한 결과 섭취량에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 자폐아동에게 3개월간 항산화 비타민을 공급한 후 유해중금속 함량을 측정한 결과는 As, Pb 및 Al의 경우에는 항산화 비타민 공급 후 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 감소하는 경향이었다. 그러나 Cd와 Hg은 항산화 비타민 공급 후 유의적으로 감소함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 학습장애에 영향을 미치는 미네랄인 Na, Cr도 항산화 공급 후 감소되어지는 것을 관찰하였으며 여러 항산화 효소들의 구성요소인 Fe, Zn, Mn 및 Se을 관찰한 결과 항산화비타민 공급 후 함량이 증가되었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 혈중 serotonin을 측정한 결과는 항산화 비타민 섭취 전에 비해 섭취 후 serotonin 함량이 다소 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며 free radical 함량은 항산화비타민 섭취 전에 비해 섭취 후 free radical 함량이 23% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 항산화 비타민이 모발 내 미네랄함량, 중금속 함량, free radical 함량 및 자폐성향 및 사회성숙도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보아 자폐아동에게 항산화비타민의 보충이 자폐아동의 행동 및 발달장애를 개선시킨 것이라고 사료되어진다.