• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.149-159
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• 2018

The change of quality and physicochemical characteristics of mung-bean flours after germination and roasting treatment were evaluated. The moisture content of the roasted mung-bean flours decreased significantly according to the roasting temperatures and times, and the crude ash, protein and fat contents increased. The lightness of the roasted mung-bean flours significantly decreased, and the redness and yellowness increased. The water binding capacity of the roasted mung-bean flours without and with germination were 151.71 and 192.77% at $240^{\circ}C$ for 20 min, respectively. The water solubility index and swelling power decreased with an increase in roasting temperatures and times. The phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activity of the roasted mung-bean flours increased with an increase in the roasting temperatures and times. The total polyphenol contents of the roasted mung-bean flours without and with germination were 4.81~7.71 and 4.22~5.63 mg GAE/g, and the total flavonoid contents were 2.46~3.05 and 2.45~2.87 mg CE/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the roasted mung-bean flours, without and with germination, were 106.83~376.08 and 174.41~346.70 mg TE/100 g, and the ABTS radical scavenging activity was 251.67~534.31 and 274.39~430.02 mg TE/100 g, respectively. As a result, it is necessary to set quality standards for each application considering the quality and antioxidant properties of the roasted mung-bean flours.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.38-60
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• 2004

We made an experiment if the extracts of DanGuiBoHyulTangGami-Bang(DBTG) and 15 kinds of the medical herbs used the materials of DBTG were effective on the hair formation palpation and the falling out of hair, and came to the following conclusions. 1. The extracts of Paeonia lactiflora, Cuscuta chinensis and Angelica tenuissima of DBTG consisted of the 15 kinds of the medical herbs kept the activity of 5${\alpha}$-reductase type Ⅱ from being active 75.3$\%$, 63.8$\%$. 75.5$\%$. 2. The hair growth index, 1.6(control group 0.8) of the extracts of DBTG bas a little effect on the hair growth palpation and that of Rubus coreanus 1.8(control group 0.4) was the most effective one of the medical herbs, and Paeonia lactiflora 2.3(control group 1.7) and Vitex rotundifolia 2.3(control group 1.5) showed the effect on hair formation palpation. 3. The hair growth period couldn't be extended by DBTG in this experimental stage. 4. The 15 kinds of constitution medicines of DBTG didn't have effects in dermal papilla cells DNA increase, IGF- I, KGF, HGF the revelation of a gene heredity, the protein synthesis of the hair follicle tissues. 5. All of the 15 kinds of constitution medicines of DBTG didn't have the antibacterial activity in Paper disc rule. 6. The results from the test of a radical scavenging activity of the 15 kinds of constitution medicines of DBTG showed that the extracts of Paeoria lactiflora, Scutellaria baicalensis, Rubus coreanus have the superior antioxidant activity in the concentration of 0.01$\%$ and 0.001$\%$ 7. In the formation controlled experiment, Vitex rotundifolia (70.6$\%$), Scutellaria baicalensis (47.1$\%$, Saposhnikovia (44.8$\%$) of the 15 kinds of constitution medicines of DBTG in the 50㎍／㎖ concentration controled NO forming and Vitex rotundifolia (12.7$\%$) controled NO forming in the 5㎍／㎖ concentration in order. 8. MTT(lC／50) of the extracts of Rehmannia glutinosa, Paeonia lactiflora, Scutellaria baicalensis, Lycium chinense, Rubus coreanus of the 15 kinds of constitution medicines of DBIG was more than 500㎍／㎖ and had the least cell virulence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.369-375
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• 2010

To evaluate the skin aging inhibition effect of fermented Reynoutria elliptica, skin aging model was produced by the irradiation of UVB to hairless mice for 5 weeks. The skin erythema index for the positive control (PC), not fermented Reynoutria elliptica extract (NFR), and fermented Reynoutria elliptica extract (FR-500, 1000, 2000) groups were lower than that of the control group. However, both lipid and water capacity for the PC and FR groups were higher than those of the control group. Collagen fibers in dermis of the FR groups were almost intact with a regular arrangement which were similar to the normal (NO) group. Also, relatively much less number of mast cells and inflammatory cells were found in FR groups. The skin TBARS contents and XO activity in the FR group were significantly lower than the control group. The activities of GSH, SOD and CAT for the FR groups were significant higher than the control group. Therefore, fermented Reynoutria elliptica extract can be practically useful for the prevention or improvement of skin aging in terms of health promotion and beauty for the people.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.465-472
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• 2017

In this study, tuna sawdust was added to extruded meat analog in order to develop a meat analog with high quality. Addition of tuna sawdust has merit for utilizing a byproduct from poultry processing. Physicochemical characteristics were examined through the extrusion cooking process. The basic mixture of sample mixed with 65% deffated soy flour 25% isolated soy protein, and 10% corn starch was setup as the raw material. Three kinds of samples were made in total by addition of 15% and 30% tuna sawdust to this mixture. The extrusion process had a screw speed of 250 rpm, die temperature of $140^{\circ}C$, and moisture content of 50%. As addition of tuna sawdust increased, breaking strength and density decreased, specific length increased, and integrity and water holding capacity decreased. Likewise, nitrogen solubility index and protein digestibility decreased as addition of tuna sawdust increased. DPPH radical scavenging activity increased as addition of tuna sawdust addition, whereas it decreased as storage period increased to 30 or 60 days. The value of rancidity decreased as addition of tuna sawdust increased. However, 60 days later, radical scavenging activity increased more or less, and a significant difference was detected 150 days later. In conclusion, addition of tuna sawdust increased soft texture, and nutrition of the basic mixture sample. The process promoting functionality such as improvement of antioxidant function was confirmed through this study.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1452-1461
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• 2017

Melanin production by melanocytes in human hair follicles decreases with time and leads to the graying process, which is a phenotype of human aging and an index of aging. The reduction in melanin production is the result of decreased tyrosinase activity in hair follicles and an accumulation of active oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide. This study investigated antioxidant effects and melanin-promoting effects in B16F1 cells treated with black sesame ethanolic nonpolar-soluble extract (SBEEO) and black sesame ethanolic polar-soluble extract (SBEEP). In antioxidation experiments, both SBEEP and SBEEO did not eliminate 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, but SBEEO at $64{\mu}g/ml$ showed low reducing power. SBEEP exerted cytotoxic effects at concentrations greater than $8{\mu}g/ml$, whereas SBEEO showed cytotoxic effects at concentrations greater than $4{\mu}g/ml$. SBEEP and SBEEO induced melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, and DOPA oxidase activity in vitro. In live cells, melanin synthesis was greater in the SBEEP treatment group as compared with that in the SBEEO treatment group. SBEEP stimulated melanin synthesis by modulating the expression of tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2), which is an important enzyme in melanin synthesis. These results imply that SBEEP obtained from black sesame ethanolic extract may have the potential to improve melanin synthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.750-754
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• 2005

The antioxidative capacity of methanol extracts prepared from jujubes (Zizyphus jujuba) were investigated by measuring total phenolic compounds, electron donating ability and induction period on lard. The extracts of large, medium and small jujubes of $80\%$ methanol extracts (methanol extracts) and soaking in the water before $80\%$ methanol extracts (water-methanol extracts) were Iyophilized. Total phenolic compounds of small, medium and large jujube of methanol extracts were 326.46 mg$\%,223.13\\;mg\%,\;158.06\;mg\%$ and that of water-methanol extracts were $113.23\;mg\%,\;81.45\;mg\%,\;72.78\;mg\%$, respectively. The Electron donating ability for the water-methanol extracts added samples of large (1.5$\~$3.0$\%$), medium and small jujube $(1.0\~3.0\%)$ were superior to the $0.02\%$ BHT added sample. On the induction period, all samples with jujube extracts were exhibited higher Antioxidant Index (AI: Induction period of lard with jujube extracts divided by induction period of lard) than that of the control and the water-methanol extracts were more effective than the methanol extracts on the antioxidative capacity for the lard. This result indicated that two lyophilized extracts of jujubes showed excellent free radical scavenging ability and long induction period on lard.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.125-138
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• 2014

Objective : Polycan, exopolymers purified from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 and calcium gluconate have been showed favorable inhibitory effects on the periodontitis and related alveolar bone losses through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. In the present study, we intended to observe the possible synergic effects of mixed formula consisted of Polycan and calcium gluconate on ligation-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone losses in rats, and to select the fittest compositions for further developing as effective agents to ameliorate periodontal diseases. Method : Experiments were conducted as two separated two tests - first is synergic effects of Polycan and calcium gluconate 1:1, 1:9 and 9:1 mixtures, and second is 1:99, 2:98, 4:96, 8:92 and 1:9 mixtures. Experimental periodontal diseases were induced by ligature placed around the cervix of upper left incisior teeth of rats. One day after ligation placements, 200mg/kg of each single or mixed formulas of Polycan or/and calcium gluconate were orally administered for 10 days. The changes on the alveolar bone loss index and maxillary bone mineral density (BMD) were observed for detecting alveolar bone losses, and for anti-inflammatory effects, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor; TNF-${\alpha}$) contents were also evaluated in gingival tissues around ligature placed incisior teeth. The results of mixtures were compared with those of singe Polycan and calcium gluconate treated rat. Results : Each single or mixed formulas of Polycan or/and calcium gluconate favorably and significantly inhibited the inflammatory changes. The inhibitory effects of mixed formula consisted of Polycan and calcium gluconate 1:9 showed against periodontitis and related alveolar bone losses as compared with those of each Polycan and calcium gluconate single formula (p<0.05). In second experiment, Polycan and calcium gluconate 2:98, 4:96, 8:92 and 1:9 mixed formulas also showed significant increased anti-inflammatory and inhibitory effects against alveolar bone losses as compared with those of each single formula. Among them, Polycan and calcium gluconate 2:98 showed the highest efficacy against to ligation-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone losses. Conclusion : The results obtained in this study suggest that appropriated mixtures of Polycan and calcium gluconate showed synergic inhibitory effects against ligation-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone losses in rats. Moreover, Polycan and calcium gluconate 2:98 showed the highest efficacies in this experiment, suggesting the fittest composition for further developing as effective agents to ameliorate periodontal diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2015

It has been shown that the extracts including eupatilin and quercetin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside had mucoprotective effects on the esophagus and stomach through their antioxidant activities. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of these flavonoid compounds in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Experimental colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Extracts including eupatilin or quercetin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside were orally administered to animals 48, 24, and 1 h prior to the induction of colitis and then again 24 h later. The animals were sacrificed 48 h after by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid treatment and the macroscopic appearance of the colonic lesions was scored in a blinded manner on a scale of 1 to 10. The inflammatory response to colitis induction was assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide production, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ expression, total glutathione levels, and malondialdehyde concentrations in the colon. The results indicated that extracts including eupatilin and extracts including quercetin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside dose-dependently improved the morphology of the lesions induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and reduced the ulcer index accordingly. In addition, rats receiving extracts including eupatilin and extracts including quercetin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside showed significantly decreased levels of mucosal myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide production, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ expression, and malondialdehyde levels, and increased total glutathione levels. Extracts including eupatilin and extracts including quercetin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside ameliorated the inflammatory response and colonic injury in acute colitis by decreasing oxidative stress and neutrophil activation. Extracts including eupatilin and extracts including quercetin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside may inhibit acute colitis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.442-446
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• 2019

We recently reported the characteristics of Chrysanthemum boreale MAKINO essential oil (CBMEO) at different harvesting stages and its in vitro antioxidant, whitening, skin regeneration, and antiwrinkle properties. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of cosmetic creams containing 0.1% of CBMEO in terms of wrinkle reduction and safety. The participants were 22 women aged 42 to 60 y with natural wrinkles. All the participants applied the CBMEO-containing cream to the eye area for 8 weeks. Visual observations of the skin by a dermatologist were used to assess the safety of the product, and improvements in skin wrinkles (roughness) were analyzed using a skin visiometer. Neither the CBMEO-containing cream nor the placebo caused abnormal reactions, such as erythema or allergies, during the test period. The CBMEO-containing cream-exposed test regions showed a greater reduction in the roughness index as compared with those of the placebo-exposed control regions. The R1, R2, and R3 indices showed a statistically significant decrease in the test regions as compared with the placebo control regions after using the cream for 2 weeks (p<0.05). Therefore, this study demonstrated that CBMEO-containing cosmetics are safe for human use and that they have skin wrinkle improvement properties. In the future, CBMEO may be a promising product for use in the development of functional anti-wrinkle cosmetics.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.199-211
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• 2019

Objectives : Present study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of various combinations of lemon balm and dandelion (LD) leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced acute liver injury. Methods : Mice were orally treated with 200 mg/kg of LD extracts [1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, or 8:1 (weight : weight)] for 7 days, and then intraperitoneally injected with $CCl_4$ (0.5 mL/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was used as reference drug. Body weight gain, relative liver weight, serum biochemistry, histopathologic analyses, and hepatic antioxidant system were examined to elucidate the fittest combination ratio of LD extract. Results : All varying combinations of LD extract significantly increased body weight gain and decreased relative liver weight by $CCl_4$. In addition, LD extract reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Histopathological analyses indicated that LD extract significantly decreased histological activity index score, degenerated hepatocytes, and infiltrated inflammatory cells induced by $CCl_4$. Moreover, LD extract reduced lipid peroxidation, and attenuated the reduction of hepatic glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase by $CCl_4$. Although there were no statistical differences in body weight gain between silymarin- and LD extract-treated groups, administration of 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1 combination of LD extract exhibited more favorable hepatoprotective effects than silymarin. Especially, 2:1 combination of LD extract showed the most potent hepatoprotective effects. Conclusion : Of various combinations of LD extract tested, present results suggest that 2:1 combination of LD extract would be a promising herbal formulation to protect liver from oxidative stress.