• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2018

Objective: Heat stress (HS) triggers oxidative stress and respiratory alkalosis in pigs. The objective of this experiment was to study whether a short-term supranutritional amount of dietary vitamin E (VE) can mitigate oxidative stress and respiratory alkalosis in heat-stressed pigs. Methods: A total of 24 pigs were given either a control diet (17 IU/kg VE) or a high VE (200 IU/kg VE; HiVE) diet for 14 d, then exposed to thermoneutral (TN; $20^{\circ}C$, 45% humidity) or HS ($35^{\circ}C$, 35% to 45% humidity, 8 h daily) conditions for 7 d. Respiration rate and rectal temperature were measured three times daily during the thermal exposure. Blood gas variables and oxidative stress markers were studied in blood samples collected on d 7. Results: Although HiVE diet did not affect the elevated rectal temperature or respiration rate observed during HS, it alleviated (all p<0.05 for diet${\times}$temperature) the loss of blood $CO_2$ partial pressure and bicarbonate, as well as the increase in blood pH in the heat-stressed pigs. The HS reduced (p = 0.003) plasma biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and tended to increase (p = 0.067) advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP) in the heat-stressed pigs, suggesting HS triggers oxidative stress. The HiVE diet did not affect plasma BAP or AOPP. Only under TN conditions the HiVE diet reduced the plasma reactive oxygen metabolites (p<0.05 for diet${\times}$temperature). Conclusion: A short-term supplementation with 200 IU/kg VE partially alleviated respiratory alkalosis but did not reduce oxidative stress in heat-stressed pigs.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2020

Anthocyanins are antioxidant compounds susceptible to environmental factors. Anthocyanin encapsulation into yeast cells is a viable solution to overcome this problem. In this study, the optimal factors for anthocyanin encapsulation were investigated, including anthocyanin concentration, plasmolysis contraction agent, and ethanol concentration, and response surface methodology was evaluated, for the first time. Anthocyanin from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flowers was encapsulated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae using plasmolysis contraction agent (B: 3%-20% w/v), ethanol concentration (C: 3%-20% v/v), and anthocyanin concentration (A: 0.15-0.45 g/ml). The encapsulation yield and anthocyanin loss rate were determined using a spectrometer (520 nm), and color stability evaluation of the capsules was performed at 80℃ for 30 min. The results of the study showed that these factors have a significant impact on the encapsulation of anthocyanin, in which ethanol agents have the highest encapsulation yield compared to other factors in the study. Statistical analysis shows that the independent variables (A, B, C), their squares (A², B², C²), and the interaction between B and C have a significant effect on the encapsulation yield. The optimized factors were anthocyanin, 0.25 g/ml; NaCl, 9.5% (w/v); and ethanol, 11% (v/v) with an encapsulation yield of 36.56% ± 0.55% and anthocyanin loss rate of 15.15% ± 0.98%; This is consistent with the expected encapsulation yield of 35.46% and loss rate of 13.2%.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2012

A field trial was conducted in 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons at Giza Agricultural Research Station to examine correlations between some biochemical componets and powdery mildews ($PM_s$) resistance in flax cultivars. Nine flax cultivars could be divided into five distinct groups, i.e., highly susceptible (Cortland and C.I. 2008), moderately susceptible (Giza 7, and Marshall), moderately resistant (Cass), resistant (Koto, Dakota and Wilden), and highly resistant (Ottowa 770B). The cultivars showed considerable variation in PM severity ranged from 8.05 on Ottowa 770B to 97.02% on Cortland. Total soluble proteins, total phenols, antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase), ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and malondialdehyde (MDA), were determined in uninfected leaves of the tested cultivars. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to measure the degree of association between PM severity and each component. All components showed significant (P < 0.05) or highly significant (P < 0.01) negative correlation with PM severity except MDA, which showed positive correlation (P < 0.01). Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the causal relationship between the biochemical components (independent variables) and PM severity (dependent variable). Coefficient of determination ($R^2$) values of the generated models ranged from 48.76 to 77.15%. Tocopherol, MDA, and proteins were the most important contributors to the total variation in PM severity as the $R^2$ values of their models were 71.78, 75.28, and 77.15%, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that tocopherol, MDA, and proteins in uninfected leaves can be used as biochemical markers to predict PM resistance in flax.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2017

In this experiment, we determined the effect of curcumin supplementation in freezing buffer for miniature pig sperm cryopreservation. Each ejaculate was diluted with modified Modena B extender and mixed with lactose-egg yolk (LEY extender, 80% v/v lactose solution [310 mM], 20% v/v egg yolk, and $100{\mu}g/mL$ kanamycin sulfate) and LEY-glycerol Orvus ES Paste (LEYGO, 89.5% v/v LEY, 5% v/v glycerol, 1.5% v/v Orvus ES Paste), 100 mM trehalose supplemented with 0, 10, 50, 100, and $500{\mu}M$ of curcumin from turmeric, respectively. Following equilibration, the 0.5 mL French straws were frozen and plunged into $LN_2$ tank for 7 days at least. Sperm parameter and oxidative byproducts were determined by the computer assisted sperm motility analysis (CASA) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) as compared with each groups. Supplementation of curcumin had no effect on sperm motility, progressive motility and curvilinear velocity. However, average-path velocity and straight-line velocity were significantly higher in $10{\mu}M$ curcumin group ($100.9{\pm}8.8{\mu}m/s$, $61.7{\pm}2.9{\mu}m/s$, respectively) than control group ($77.8{\pm}3.9{\mu}m/s$, $46.4{\pm}3.0{\mu}m/s$, respectively) (p < 0.05). In addition, the level of the O2 radical and H2O2 were comparatively decreased in curcumin groups by evaluation of ethidium and DCF fluorescence. According to the results, curcumin can improve sperm kinetic variables and alleviate ROS induced cryoinjury to pig sperm.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2021

The purpose of this work is the development of a method for an effective, less expensive, rapid, and simultaneous determination of three phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin) widely present in food resources and known for their antioxidant powers. The method relies on partial least squares (PLS) calibration of UV-visible spectroscopic data. This model was applied to simultaneously determine, the concentrations of caffeic acid (CA), gallic acid (GA), and quercetin (Q) in six herb infusion extracts: basil, chive, laurel, mint, parsley, and thyme. A wavelength range (250-400) nm, and an experimental calibration matrix with 21 samples of ternary mixtures composed of CA (6.0-21.0 mg/L), GA (10.0-35.2 mg/L), and Q (6.4-17.5 mg/L) were chosen. Spectroscopic data were mean-centered before calibration. Two latent variables were determined using the contiguous block cross-validation procedure after calculating the root mean square error cross-validation RMSECV. Other statistic parameters: RMSEP, R², and Recovery (%) were used to determine the predictive ability of the model. The results obtained demonstrated that UV-visible spectrometry and PLS regression were successfully applied to simultaneously quantify the three phenolic compounds in synthetic ternary mixtures. Moreover, the concentrations of CA, GA and Q in herb infusion extracts were easily predicted and found to be 3.918-18.055, 9.014-23.825, and 9.040-13.350 mg/g of dry sample, respectively.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.454-465
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• 2022

This study investigated the association between dietary intake and 10-year risk for CHD predicted from Framingham risk score in Korean adults using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2020. Eight thousand subjects (3,382 men and 4,618 women) aged 30 years or older were classified into three groups according to the 10-year CHD risk (%). The sociodemographics, anthropometrics indices, blood profiles, and dietary intake were collected. After adjusting for confounding variables, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) decreased for both men and women as the disease risk increased. The high-risk group was below the MAR criteria, indicating that the overall quality of the meal was not good. The highest consumers of legumes (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.84), fruits (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48-0.93), and fish (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42-0.87) had a 44%, 33%, and 40% lower 10-year CHD risk than lowest consumers in men, respectively. In women, there is no significant relationship between food groups and disease risk. Therefore, improving lifestyle habits such as weight control, increased activity, and adequate food intake, especially legumes, fruits, and fish rich in antioxidant nutrients and bioactive substances, appears to have a potential association with preventing coronary heart disease in Korean adults.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are closely related and considered as allergic respiratory diseases (ARD), and their prevalence has recently increased. Data on the association of dietary antioxidant vitamin intake with asthma and AR in adults are limited. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of vitamin A and C intake with asthma, AR, and all cases of both diseases in young adults who participated in a cross-sectional national survey, with the use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level as an effect modifier. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 6,293 male and female adults aged 20-49 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 2016 and 2018. The questionnaire-based reports on asthma and AR diagnosis were used to determine outcome variables. Further, 24-h recall data on dietary vitamin A and C, carotene, and retinol intake were acquired. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Dietary vitamin C intake was inversely associated with asthma prevalence among participants with hs-CRP levels (≥ 1 mg/L); the OR of asthma prevalence was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.08-0.84) for participants with vitamin C consumption ≥ 75 mg/day compared with those consuming < 20 mg/day. Similar association analyses limiting to non-users of dietary supplements were performed to rule out the potential effects of supplement intake on the outcomes; results showed a stronger association. However, the association between vitamin C and asthma was not significant in participants with hs-CRP levels < 1 mg/L; the OR of asthma was 1.44 (95% CI, 0.66-3.16) for participants with vitamin C consumption ≥ 75 mg/day compared with those consuming < 20 mg/day. Vitamin C intake was not associated with AR. Moreover, there was no association between vitamin A intake and neither asthma nor AR. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that higher vitamin C intake may play a potential role in reducing asthma prevalence. Nevertheless, further studies should be conducted to evaluate whether this association is causal.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.603-616
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the productivity, meat quality, blood variables, stress responses, and litter quality of broilers offered feed with different levels of Glycine (Gly) supplementation under heat stress condition. A total of 760 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler males were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatment groups: (1) basal diet (control; CON); (2) basal diet + Gly 0.1% (Gly 0.1%); (3) basal diet + Gly 0.2% (Gly 0.2%); and (4) basal diet + Gly 0.3% (Gly 0.3%). The environments for all the treatments groups were maintained according to broiler rearing guidelines from day 1 to day 21, and heat stress condition (32 ± 1℃, 60 ±5%) was created from day 22 to the end. The addition of Gly increased weight gain and affected feed intake (p < 0.05). Gly 0.1% group had higher pH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in the chicken meat and lower heterophil (HE)/lymphocyte (LY) ratio in the blood (p < 0.05). In particular, Gly 0.2% treatment group had lower serum corticosterone level (p < 0.05) than other groups. For jejunum morphology, the addition of Gly 0.2% significantly reduced the depth of the crypts (p < 0.05). However, the addition of Gly did not significantly affect litter quality (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of glycine improved productivity and meat quality, alleviated heat stress, and improved intestinal function. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal level and mechanism of action of the additive when ingested.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.570-576
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 지역별 여정자 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 총 페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량을 비교분석한 결과 해남산이 제주산과 중국산보다 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다. 총 페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량은 국내 해남산이 중국산에 비해 각각 2배와 1.6배의 높은 값을 보였고, 해남산 여정자 추출물의 항산화는 DPPH법과 ABTS법에서 중국산에 비해 약 2배 이상의 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 활성이 높은 해남산 여정자의 추출공정을 최적화하기 위해서 반응표면분석을 이용하여 여정자의 추출온도와 추출시간에 따른 전자공여능, 총 페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량을 조사하였다. 중심합성계획에 따라 추출온도($X_1$), 추출시간($X_2$)을 독립변수($X_i$)로 하고 추출물의 특성 즉, 전자공여능($Y_1$), 총 페놀 함량($Y_2$), 총 플라보노이드 함량($Y_3$)을 종속변수로 하여 추출 최적화를 수행하였다. 그 결과 $R^2$은 0.8859~0.9517로 10% 이내에서 유의성이 인정되었으며, 전체 모델의 유의 확률은 0.0026~0.0206으로 모두 통계적으로 유의한 값을 나타내었다. 이들 추출물의 특성을 모두 만족시키는 최적 추출조건은 추출온도 $131.68^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 5.49분으로 나타났다. 예측된 최적 추출조건의 임의의 점에서 실험한 결과, 각 종속 변수들의 예측값이 전자공여능은 35.38%, 총 페놀 함량은 6,045.27 mg/100 g, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 103.24 mg/100 g이었고, 실제값은 전자공여능이 35.18%, 총 페놀 함량이 6,055.68 mg/100 g, 총 플라보노이드 함량이 103.72 mg/100 g으로 예측값과 실제값은 유사하게 나타났다. 따라서 마이크로웨이브 장치를 이용하여 여정자의 페놀계 화합물 추출조건을 최적화함으로써 단시간에 시료의 유용성분을 효과적으로 추출할 수 있었고, 여정자의 유용성분 열수추출 방법을 이용하여 다양한 식품소재로써 활용 가능성을 제시하게 되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2016

본 연구는 진피의 항산화 성분 및 항산화 활성에 대한 최적 로스팅 조건을 설정하기 위하여 로스팅 온도($40{\sim}100^{\circ}C$, $X_1$)와 로스팅 시간($5{\sim}15min$, $X_2$)을 독립변수로 하고, 중심 합성계획(CCD) 실험 범위 설정에 따른 13가지 조건으로 로스팅 된 진피의 열수 추출물에 대한 전자공여능, 총페놀 함량, 총플라보노이드 함량 및 hydroxyl radical 소거능을 측정하였다. 전자공여능은 $71.12^{\circ}C$에서 9.39분 로스팅 하였을 때 최적점이 72.38%로 예측되었으며, 총페놀 함량은 $69.71^{\circ}C$에서 8.39분 로스팅 하였을 때 최대 10.76 mg TA/g, 총플라보노이드 함량은 $72.54^{\circ}C$에서 8.64분 로스팅하였을 때 최대 105.99 mg QE/100 g, hydroxyl radical 소거능은 $68.97^{\circ}C$에서 9.84분 로스팅 하였을 때 최대 60.33%로 예측되었다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 진피의 항산화 활성 및 유효성분 증가를 위한 최적 로스팅 조건은 $70.90^{\circ}C$, 9.03분으로 분석되었으며, 이 조건에서 예측된 각각의 값과 실제 측정값을 비교하였을 때 95% 신뢰구간 내에서 재연성이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 로스팅 된 진피의 열수 추출물의 천연물 유래 기능성 식품소재 및 식품으로서 활용 가능성을 확인하였으며, 추후 연구를 통해 유효 물질의 분리 정제 및 구조분석이 필요하다고 사료된다.