• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2017

A new phenol and hydrazide derivatives were obtained for the first time from the C. giganteawhite by silica gel column chromatography. The structure of the isolated compounds was identified by UV, IR NMR and MS. C. gigantea was scientifically reported for several medicinal properties viz. analgesic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic. In this screening work, anti-microbial activity of test compounds was found to be active against all organisms. Additionally, anti-inflammatory activity of the test groups has reduced the thickness of edema of the hind paw compared to the control group.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2002

The antifungal activities of the essential oils from Anthemis nobilis, Ciderus atlantica, Juniperus communis, Lavandula angustifolia, Pelargonium graveolens, Pogestemon patchouli, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Styrax tonkinensis which are recommended for the treatment of microbial infections in aromatherapy and complementary medicines were tested against Candida spp. The activities were measured by broth dilution method and disk diffusion assay. Most of the test oils inhibited growth of Candida albicans, C. utilis and C. tropicalis. Especially, the essential oil from Pelargonium graveolens and its main component, citronellol showed the strongest activity among the herbs except benzoic acid from Styrax tonkinensis which is well-known antimicrobial compound. As a result of checkerboard microtiter test. synergistic effect of citronellol, was shown when the component was combinated with ketoconazole, displaying a fractional inhibiting concentration (FIC) index of 0.37 against C. albicans.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2010

This survey was performed to investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies to Brucella canis in dogs from public animal shelters and breeding kennels in Incheon. A total of 402 dogs selected randomly were tested serologically by using immunochromatographic antibody test kit. None of 289 dogs in public animal shelters were sero-positive and 10 (8.9%) of 113 dogs in breeding kennels were sero-positive. 5 (4.4%) strains of Brucella canis were isolated from 10 sero-positive dogs' blood. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by Disk diffusion method. They were susceptible to tetracyclines, quinolones, aminoglycosides and combination amoxicillin with clavulanic acid.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.163-166
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• 2011

Oral viridans streptococci are recognized as one of the etiological agents of a variety of infectious diseases such as dental caries and infective endocarditis. Although antimicrobial susceptibility tests for these fastidious bacterial species are now established and standardized, a comparison between the broth microdilution and broth macrodilution tests has not previously been performed. This comparison was performed in the present study using the tests adopted by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and seven clinical isolates of oral viridans streptococcal strains. A modified broth macrodilution susceptibility test method was also included in this analysis, in which the media was not supplemented with horse blood. The susceptibility interpretation category agreements were measured at 83% (broth microdilution versus broth macrodilution) and 71% (broth microdilution versus modified broth macrodilution). The interpretation category agreement between the broth macrodilution and modified broth macrodilution tests was also 83%. These data indicate that the interpretation of antibiotic susceptibility test results for oral viridans streptococci are influenced by the methods used.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional properties of natural dyed Hanji for cultural properties conservation and storage. To estimate functional properties of Hanji, antimicrobial, insect repellent test, and Oddy test were executed. Hanji dyed with 10% Golden thread (Coptis chinensis), a natural dye and silver nitrate mordanting showed the most excellent antifungal activities against A. niger, P. chrysogenum, and Trichoderma sp. before and after aging. The insects repellent test followed didn't indicate significant effects on treated Hanji against Lasioderma serricorne, Sitophilus zeamais, and Tribolium castaneum. According to Oddy test result, Hanji dyed with Golden thread and silver nitrate caused no significant corrosions on copper, silver, and lead after aging 28 days.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.37.1-37.6
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• 2021

This study evaluated the efficacy of a new, single-dose otic solution combining florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate for the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE) in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one client-owned dogs with OE were included in the study and divided into a treatment group that received the test solution and a negative control group that received a normal saline solution. On day 0, the dogs were treated either with the test or the control solution and evaluated over 30 days. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by clinical signs and cytological organism counts. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). After treatment with the test solution, clinical signs continuously decreased and cytological scores were significantly reduced. The results of MIC testing showed that the test solution was potent against the common pathogenic causes of canine OE. In this study, the most common causative pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis. No issues related to safety were identified. Based on these results, this new ototopical drug can be used as first line treatment for canine OE.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2008

한강유역 4개 정점으로부터 46주의 Enterococcus 속 세균을 분리하였으며 이 세균은 E. faecium 15주, E. casseliflavus 26주, E. facecalis 1주 및 E. hirae 4주로 이루어져 있었다. Streptomycin의 경우 조사대상 균주 40주 중 45주의 세균이 내성을 나타내었으며 tetracycline과 quinupristin/dalfopristin의 경우 각각 21주 및 19주의 세균이 내성을 나타내었다. 한편 gentamicin과 vancomycin의 경우에는 각각 15주 및 2주의 세균이 내성을 나타내었다. 분리된 Enterococcus 속 세균 46주 중 39주가 2가지 이상의 항생제에 대하여 내성을 나타내었으며, 이 세균 중 10주는 5가지 이상의 항생제에 매하여 모두 내성을 가지는 것으로 조사되었다. 특히 정점 C인 안양천에서 분리된 균주는 8가지의 항생제에 대하여 모두 내성을 나타내었다. 조사 정점이 한강 하류로 내려갈수록 다제 내성 균주가 분리되는 빈도수가 증가하는 추세를 나타내었다. 디스크확산법으로 항생제 내성 세균의 MIC값을 측정한 결과 streptomycin에 최대 4,096 ${\mu}g$ mL$^{-1}$의 MIC를 나타낸 균주가 16주이었으며 gentamicin의 경우에도 최대 MIC가 2,048 ${\mu}g$ mL$^{-1}$을 나타낸 균주가 17주이었다. 한편 vancomycin에 대하여는 최대 512 ${\mu}g$ mL$^{-1}$의 MIC값을 나타내는 균주가 1주이 었으며, quinupristin/dalfopristin과 tetracycline에 대하여는 각각 64 ${\mu}g$ mL$^{-1}$의 농도에 내성을 가진 균주가 각각 2주와 33주이었다. 분리한 세균의 vancomycin 및 quinupristin/dalfopristin에 대한 MIC값을 임상에서 분리한 세균의 MIC간과 축산농가에서 분리한 세균의 MIC값을 상호 비교하였을 때 한강 수계에서 분리된 이들 항생제에 대하여 내성을 나타내는 세균은 축산 폐수로부터 유래된 것으로 유추되었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Objectives Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a human pathogen and a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. New antibacterial agents that have not been compromised by bacterial resistance are needed to treat MRSA-related infections. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity ofethanol extract of Haedokgeumhwa-san (HGH) which prescription is composed of korean medicine against MRSA. Methods The antibacterial activity of HGH extract was evaluated against MRSA strains by using the Disc diffusion method, broth microdilution method (minimal inhibitory concentration; MIC), checkerboard dilution test, and time-kill test; its mechanism of action was investigated by bacteriolysis, detergent or ATPase inhibitors. The checkerboard dilution test was used to examined synergistic effect of ampicillin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, gentamicin and norfloxacin in combination with HGH ethanol extract. A time-kill assay was performed a survival curve which was obtained by plotting viable colony counts depending on time on bacterial growth. Results The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extract (HGH) ranged from 1,000 to $2,000{\mu}g/mL$ against all the tested bacterial strains, respectively. We are able to confirm that HGH extract has potentially strong antibacterial activity. In the checkerboard dilution test, fractional inhibitory concentration index of HGH in combination with antibiotics indicated synergy or partial synergism against S. aureus. A time-kill study showed that the growth of the tested bacteria was considerably inhibited after 8 hr of treatment with the combination of HGH with selected antibiotics. For measurement of cell membrane permeability, HGH $250{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$ along with concentration of Triton X-100 (TX) and Tris-(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) were used. In the other hand, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodimide (DCCD) and Sodium azide ($NaN_3$) was used as an inhibitor of ATPase. TX, Tris, DCCD and $NaN_3$ cooperation against S. aureus showed synergistic action. Accordingly, antimicrobial activity of HGH was affected by cell membrane and inhibitor of ATPase. Conclusions These results suggest that Haedokgeumhwa-san extract has antibacterial activity, and that HGH extract offers a potential as a natural antibiotic against MRSA.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.4951-4958
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 전 세계적으로 표준화된 전통적 항균제 감수성 검사방법인 CLSI(C linical and Laboratory Standards Institute)디스크 확산법과 디스크 확산법을 이용 해 MIC를 측정할 수 있도록 새롭게 고안된 E-test 방법과 최근 도입된 미량 액체 배지 희석법을 이용한 항균제 감수성 검사 자동화 장비인 MicroScan MICroSTR EP plus panel를 이용한 MIC 측정방법들의 일치도를 비교하여 MicroScan MICroS TREP plus panel 검사방법의 유용성을 관찰하고자 하였다. 대상균주는 2009년 2월부터 8월까지 6개월 동안 대전의 한 대학병원 임상환자에서 분리된 폐렴사슬알균 53균주와 알파용혈 사슬알균 51균주를 대상으로 하였으며 항 균제는 cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin 등 9가지 항균제를 평가 대상으로 하였다. 폐렴사슬알균 뿐만 아니라 알파용혈 사슬균에 대해서도 비교분석을 하였고 그 결과 알파용혈 사슬균에 대해 높은 일치율이 관찰되어 임상미생물 검사실에서 신속 정확한 최소발율 억제농도를 측정하는데 많은 도움이 되리라 생각된다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.417-430
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• 2019

The policies developed for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in adults may not be the most suitable ones to treat children and adolescents. Methods used to treat children and adolescents in Europe and North America may not be appropriate for treating children and adolescents in Korea due to differences in epidemiological characteristics of H. pylori between regions. Moreover, the agreed standard guidelines for the treatment of H. pylori infection in children and adolescents in Korea have not been established yet. In this study, the optimal treatment strategy for H. pylori infection control in children and adolescents in Korea is discussed based on these guidelines, and recent progress on the use and misuse of antimicrobial agents is elaborated. Non-invasive as well as invasive diagnostic test and treatment strategy for H. pylori infection are not recommendable in children aged less than ten years or children with body weight under 35 kg, except in cases of clinically suspected or endoscopically identified peptic ulcers. The uncertainty, whether enough antimicrobial concentrations to eradicate H. pylori can be maintained when administered according to body weight-based dosing, and the costs and adverse effects outweighing the anticipated benefits of treatment make it difficult to decide to eradicate H. pylori in a positive noninvasive diagnostic test in this age group. However, adolescents over ten years of age or with a bodyweight of more than 35 kg can be managed aggressively as adults, because they can tolerate the adult doses of anti-H. pylori therapy. In adolescents, the prevention of future peptic ulcers and gastric cancers is expected after the eradication of H. pylori. Bismuth-based quadruple therapy (bismuth-proton pump inhibitor-amoxicillin/tetracycline-metronidazole) with maximal tolerable doses and optimal dose intervals of 14 days is recommended, because in Korea, the antibiotic susceptibility test for H. pylori is not performed at the initial diagnostic evaluation. If the first-line treatment fails, concomitant therapy plus bismuth can be attempted for 14 days as an empirical rescue therapy. Finally, the salvage therapy, if needed, must be administered after the H. pylori antibiotic susceptibility test.