• 치위생과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum fruit (ASF; Ogaza) extracts on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, which are agents that cause dental caries, and on Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus salivarius, the microbial flora of the oral cavity. The ASF extracts obtained using 70% ethanol were fractionated in the order of ethyl acetate and n-Butanol, concentrated under reduced pressure, and lyophilized to give powdery solvent extracts. The antimicrobial activity of ASF extracts from each solvent was examined using the disk diffusion method. As a result, only those extracts obtained using an ethyl acetate solvent showed antimicrobial activity. These extracts were selected, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was measured by disk diffusion method at various extract concentrations. Results showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 32 mg/ml. The viable cell count was measured to confirm the minimum bactericidal concentration. Results showed a minimum bactericidal concentration of 64 mg/ml. In the cytotoxicity test using normal human dermal fibroblast cells, the absorbance value of the test group was similar to that of the control group at 0.64, 1.28, and 6.4 mg/ml. The bacteria and their colonies were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Boundaries between the antimicrobial activity region and non-antimicrobial activity region were observed around the paper disk, which was immersed in the extract with 32 mg/ml concentration. Bacterial colonization was not observed in the area with antimicrobial activity. This finding suggests that ASF extracts can inhibit the growth of some microorganisms in the oral cavity, in addition to the effects of these extracts known to date. In particular, ASF extracts may be used as a preparation for preventing dental caries by adding the extract to the toothpaste or oral mouthwash.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.159-164
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• 1999

유기실리콘 제4급 암모늄염을 이용하여 타올에 향균제를 처리하였을 때의 향균성에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 처리농도, 시간, 온도에 대한 향균성 변화를 비교 조사하였고, 향균처리 후 물성변화, 내세탁성을 측정하였다. 타올의 향균성에 가장 우수한 향균성을 나타내고 많은 영향을 미치는 처리농도는 3.5%이며, 처리온도 $30^{\circ}C$에서, 처리시간 10분간 향균가공 처리하여도 균감소율이 95% 이상 향균성능을 유지함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 세탁 횟수에 따른 균 감소율은 20회까지 세탁하여도 80%이상 높은 향균성을 나타내었고, 향균제 가공처리 후 측정한 타올의 인장강도 및 신도는 큰 변화가 없었다.

• 급식외식위생학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2020

Salt is a common seasoning agent used in various processed foods, especially in kimchi and salted seafood (jeotgal). This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of salt with antimicrobial substances (acetic acid, garlic extract, carvacrol, nisin, thymol, and their combination (acetic acid+nisin+thymol)) on improvement of antibacterial effects of salt against foodborne pathogens. Salt (10%) was prepared using six different types of 0.2% natural antimicrobial substances. The antibacterial effect of salt combined with natural antimicrobial substances was evaluated against foodborne pathogens using the broth micro-dilution method and growth curve plotted using absorbance measurements. For the five foodborne pathogens, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of salt without antimicrobial substances as control were in the range of 24~>50,000 ㎍/mL and >50,000 ㎍/mL, respectively. Salt with nisin, thymol, or garlic extract showed strong inhibitory effects and their MIC against L. monocytogenes were 49, 12,500, and 24 ㎍/mL, respectively. In particular, salt with nisin showed inhibitory activities against Gram-positive bacteria. However, all the antimicrobial substances were less effective against Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium than Gram-positive bacteria. These results could be used for the development of salt with natural antimicrobial substances especially targeted against L. monocytogenes. This would enable the lowering of saline concentration while improving the storability of food.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.759-764
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• 2015

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the critical components in host innate immune responses to imbalanced and invading microbial pathogens. Although the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action have been thoroughly investigated for decades, the exact biological properties of AMPs are still elusive. Most AMPs generally exert the antimicrobial effect by targeting the microbial membrane, such as barrel stave, toroidal, and carpet mechanisms. Thus, the mode of action in model membranes and the discrimination of AMPs to discrepant lipid compositions between mammalian cells and microbial pathogens (cell selectivity) have been studied intensively. However, the latest reports suggest that not only AMPs recently isolated but also well-known membrane-disruptive AMPs play a role in intracellular killing, such as apoptosis induction. In this mini-review, we will review some representative AMPs and their antimicrobial mechanisms and provide new insights into the dual mechanism of AMPs.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.491-496
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• 2011

N-(fluorodichlomethylthio) phthalimide-silver complexes were prepared and investigated the antimicrobial activity on rubber mat manufactured with waste rubber. We are exposed to harmful bacteria and fungi all the time. We manufactured antimicrobial mat to be imposed to mats that it can prevent generation of bacteria and microorganisms, and restrict their reproduction. Infection of medical devices causes significant morbidity and mortality. For aim of this study, we measured the antimicrobial mat manufactured with N-(fluorodichlomethylthio) phthalimide-Ag complex by CCD, FT-IR and NMR. The effect of mole ratio of N-(fluorodichlomethylthio) phthalimide-Ag complex on antibacterial activity to bacteria and fungi is investigated. Reduction rate is evaluated using the Quinn method. Escherichia Coli is effectively inhibited than Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial mat.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.700-706
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• 1994

Lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi fermentation were tested for inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria. The Lactobacillus brevis (KCCM 35464) was found to produce a antimicrobial substance. It showed relatively wide range of inhibition spectrum against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and maintained the inhibitory activity between pH 4.0 and pH 9.0. The antimicrobial substance was obtained in the stationary growth phase and was purified by gel chromatography. The inhibitory effect of the antimicrobial substance on sensitive bacterial strains was determined by filter paper test. The activity of antimicrobial substa- nce was stable at 75$\circ$C. On the basis of its electrophoretic pattern is SDS-PAGE, antimicrobial substance appeared as a single band of 59 KDalton.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.8-11
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• 2000

The antimicrobial extracts of rheum palmatum and coptis chinensis root as well as grapefruit seed extract(GFSE) were applied to dipping treatment for keeping qualities of cucumbers, respectively, which were then packed in low density polyethylene(LDPE) films incorporated with 1 % antimicrobial extracts and stored $10^{\circ}C$. Dipping and packaging in the antimicrobial agents suppressed the growth of putrefactive microorgani는 and the decay ratio of cucumbers. In addition, the loss ratio of ascortic acid content and their weight was decreased during the sotrage of cucumbers. Consequently, the combined method of dippinf and packaging in antimicrobial agents turned out to be superior to dipping treatment or film-packaging in the view point of decay ratio and the keeping qualities of cucumbers.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2002

The dried Prunus mume, an alkaline food abundant in organic acids (citric acid, malic acid and tartaric acid), has been largely used in both folklore remedies and Chinese herbal medicine for a long time. This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the dried Prunus mume. The fractionation of the methanol extracts from Prunus mume was conducted using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the Prunus mume extracts was then determined against food-borne pathogens using a paper disc method. The ethyl acetate extract showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against the eigth food-born pathogens used in this present study. Diaion HP 20 column chromatography was performed to remove some sugars that might inhibit the antimicrobial activity of Prunus mume. The strongest antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction of Prunus mume was shown against Staphylococus aureus. The growth inhibition curve was determined using ethyl acetate extracts of Prunus mume against Staphylococus aureus, which showed the growth inhibition up to 72 hours at 1,000 ppm concentration.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

We previously reported the protein isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma (CRP), which has antifungal activity against a fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. In the current study, we investigated what portion in the CRP is responsible for the antifungal activity. For the investigation, the CRP was fractionated on a Shepadex G-50 column. Data resulting from the fractionation, seven fractions were obtained. Fractions (Fr.) I, II, and III eluted initially from the column showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of C. albicans, whereas Fr. IV, V, and VI eluted later revealed inhibition of the growth, and Fr. IV and VI showed potent antifungal activity by broth susceptibility analysis. However, Fr. VI was contained in the CRP more than Fr. IV, which led us to select the VI for the following experiments. In a murine model of a subcutaneous candidiasis caused by C. albicans, the Fr. VI displayed a therapeutic effect on nude mice pretreated with anti-neutrophil monoclonal antibody (RB68C5) and then infected subcutaneously with live C. albicans. At day 16, these mice were healed almost up to 78% of the infected area when compared to infected area of control nude mice that received diluent (Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline; DPBS), instead of the Fr. VI (P<0.01). The Fr. VI blocked hyphal formation from blastoconidial form of C. albicans (P<0.01), which might prevent penetration of hyphae to the deeper site of skin and thus helps the healing. In the ionic strength test, the effect of Fr. was influenced by $Ca^{2+}$ ion just like other known antimicrobial peptides, but the influence was affected at an extremely high concentration such as 500 mM. Thus, such ion-concentration is considered to be meaningless in the clinical situation. Considering all data together, Coptidis Rhizoma is appeared to produce an antimicrobial peptide that has therapeutic effect on subcutaneous infection caused by C. albicans.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2014

Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria. monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus are pathogenic bacteria that should not be detected in cosmetics and foodstuffs. Therefore, we first investigated the antimicrobial activities of extracts of Scutellariae Radix(SR), Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and salicylic acid(SA) in these pathogenic microorganisms. Although SA has been known to exhibit anti-inflammation and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms, a high concentration of SA may cause serious side effects such as skin redness, skin burning, peeling or tissue damage. Hence, we focused on diminishing side effects followed by treatment of a high concentration of SA and investigated whether the combinations of SA with various concentrations(25-400 mg/mL), SR and CR with a concentration(100 mg/mL) which did not show antimicrobial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa exhibited meaningful antimicrobial effect against both strains. In our results, the combinations of SA with the lowest concentration(25 mg/mL), SR(100 mg/mL) and CR(100 mg/mL) exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against E.coli in comparison to SA alone(25 mg/mL) showing no antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the combinations of SA (100 mg/mL), SR and CR showed seven times higher antimicrobial activity against E. coli than SA alone(100 mg/mL) and exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity in comparison to ampicilin (p<0.05). The combinations of SA(100 mg/mL), SR and CR showed two times higher antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa than SA alone. Therefore, these results indicated that the combinations of SR, CR and SA with low concentration expressed the synergistic antimicrobial effect against E. coli and P. aeruginosa and showed great potential as an antimicrobial agent.