• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.582-588
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to determine inhibitory activities of four volatile plant essential oils (cinnamon oil, fennel oil, origanum oil and thyme oil) on in vitro growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae causing Fusarium wilt of strawberry plants. Results showed that these essential oils inhibited in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae in a dose-dependent manner. Cinnamon oil was found to be most effective one in suppressing conidial germination while fennel oil, origanum oil and thyme oil showed moderate inhibition of conidial germination at similar levels. Cinnamon oil, origanum oil and thyme oil showed moderate antifungal activities against mycelial growth at similar levels while fennel oil had relatively lower antifungal activity against mycelial growth. Antifungal effects of these four plant essential oils in different combinations on in vitro fungal growth were also evaluated. These essential oils demonstrated synergistic antifungal activities against conidial germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae in vitro. Simultaneous application of origanum oil and thyme oil enhanced their antimicrobial activities against conidial germination and fungal mycelial growth. These results underpin that volatile plant essential oils could be used in eco-friendly integrated disease management of Fusarium wilt in strawberry fields.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to obtain a natural antibiotic from Phenol-rich compounds; for the dressing and the treatment of chronic wounds. Methods: The Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was prepared by blending four natural herbal extracts, Acacia catechu (L.F.), Momia (Shilajit), Castanea sativa, and Ephedra sinica stapf, with combination of a sweet gel medium, including honey, maple saps, Phoenix dactylifera L. (date), pomegranate extract and Azadirachta indica gum as a stabilizer. The combinations were screened by using a well-diffusion assay with cloxacillin as a control. Pseudomonas spp. was tested with our novel antimicrobial compound. The zones of inhibition in agar culture were measured for each individual component and for the compound, and the results were compared with those of the control group which had been treated with cloxacillin. Data were expressed as means ${\pm}$ standard deviations. Quantitative analyses were performed using the paired t-test. Results: The antibiotic effect of the Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was statistically shown to be more significant than that of cloxacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our novel approach to fighting the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas proved to be successful. The Phenol-rich compound sweet gel was found to be suitable for use as an alternative medicine and bioactive dressing material, for the treatment of patients with various types of wounds, including burns, venous leg ulcers, ulcers of various etiologies, leg ulcers on the feet of diabetic, unhealed graft sampling sites, abscesses, boils, surgical wounds, necrotic process, post-operative and neonatal wound infection, and should be considered as an alternative to the usual methods of cure.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.808-816
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• 2018

Bacterial biofilms have been demonstrated to be closely related to clinical infections and contribute to drug resistance. Berberine, which is the main component of Coptis chinensis, has been reported to have efficient antibacterial activity. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of a combination of berberine with ciprofloxacin (CIP) to inhibit Salmonella biofilm formation and its effect on expressions of related genes (rpoE, luxS, and ompR). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of the combination of berberine with CIP is 0.75 showing a synergistic antibacterial effect. The biofilm's adhesion rate and growth curve showed that the multi-resistant Salmonella strain had the potential to form a biofilm relative to that of strain CVCC528, and the antibiofilm effects were in a dose-dependent manner. Biofilm microstructures were rarely observed at $1/2{\times}MIC/FIC$ concentrations (MIC, minimal inhibition concentration), and the combination had a stronger antibiofilm effect than each of the antimicrobial agents used alone at $1/4{\times}FIC$ concentration. LuxS, rpoE, and ompR mRNA expressions were significantly repressed (p< 0.01) at $1/2{\times}MIC/FIC$ concentrations, and the berberine and CIP combination repressed mRNA expressions more strongly at the $1/4{\times}FIC$ concentration. The results indicate that the combination of berberine and CIP has a synergistic effect and is effective in inhibiting Salmonella biofilm formation via repression of luxS, rpoE, and ompR mRNA expressions.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2014

To develop effective and safe acne vulgaris therapies with a continuing demand for new solutions, we investigated unique efficacy of an antibacterial agent from marine brown alga Eisenia bicyclis in treating acne vulgaris. The methanolic extract of E. bicyclis exhibited potential antibacterial activity against acne-related bacteria. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the bacteria among solvent fractions. Six compounds (1-6), previously isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of E. bicyclis, were evaluated for antibacterial activity against acne-related bacteria. Among them, compound 2 (fucofuroeckol-A [FF]) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against acne-related bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 32 to $128{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$. Furthermore, FF clearly reversed the high-level erythromycin and lincomycin resistance of Propionibacterium acnes. The MIC values of erythromycin against P. acnes were dramatically reduced from 2,048 to $1.0{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ in combination with MIC of FF ($64{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$). The fractional inhibitory concentration indices of erythromycin and lincomycin were measured from 0.500 to 0.751 in combination with 32 or $64{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of FF against all tested P. acnes strains, suggesting that FF-erythromycin and FF-lincomycin combinations exert a weak synergistic effect against P. acnes. The results of this study suggest that the compounds derived from E. bicyclis can be a potential source of natural antibacterial agents and a pharmaceutical component against acnerelated bacteria.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2006

우리나라의 전통 밑반찬류에 대한 재료 및 가공에 대하여 보존적 burdle의 특성을 파악한 결과 첫째는 밑반찬에 사용되는 재료들에서 1차적인 hurdle이 적용되고, 2차로 양념류에서 burdle이 적용되어 저장성과 안전성을 부여하고 있다. 둘째는 조리과정에서 삶고, 데치고, 끊이고, 볶고, 튀기는 공정을 거침으로써 수분활성도 및 pH를 조절하여 보존성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대부분의 밑반찬들의 염 농도는 $1{\sim}5%$범위를 가지고 있으며, 장아찌 종류를 제외한 채소류를 이용한 무침과 나물에서 약간 높은 염 농도를 보이고 있다. pH는 pH $4.7{\sim}6.4$범위 이며, 장아찌와 절임류 보다는 조림, 볶음, 무침, 나물이 높은 pH를 유지하였다. 가용성 고형물 함량은 조림과 볶음의 경우 $40\;^{\circ}Bx$ 이상을 나타내고 있으나 무침과 나물 그리고 장아찌, 절임의 겨우는 낮은 값을 보이고 있다. 수분활성도는 나물의 경우 $0.93{\sim}0.95$이고, 강낭콩조림과 생선조림의 경우 $0.77{\sim}0.88$ 이다. 총균수는 조리과정에서 튀김 또는 데치기를 거친 반찬의 경우 $10^2-10^4cfu/g$과 같이 낮은 수준 이었으나 장아찌와 무침의 경우는 $10^5cfu/g$이상의 균수를 나타내고 있다. 우리나라 전통 밑반찬들의 보존 hurdle은 사용하는 재료들의 배합 비율과 삶기, 데치기, 볶기 등의 조리과정에 의해 수분활성도, pH 그리고 염 농도를 조절함으로서 보존상태를 높일 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2017

Objectives : Infectious diseases by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a growing problem worldwide. Characteristic of MRSA is endlessly mutation to resist antibiotics. Daehwanggo (DHG) is one of the oriental medicine prescriptions contained in Principles and Practice of Eastern Medicine. Daehwanggo was mainly used for external preparation from old times. The purpose of this study is to confirm possibility as supplementary drug of DHG about antibiotics through observation of synergy effect between DHG and commercial antibiotics and to observe restriction on growth of MRSA on any pathway through observation of mechanism. Methods : The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DHG against MRSA is $500{\sim}2000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by broth dilution method. In the checkerboard method, the combinations of DHG with antibiotics has partial synergistic effect or synergy effect and DHG markedly reduced the MICs of the antibiotics oxacillin (OX), gentamicin (GT) against MRSA. In the inhibition of resistance mechanism of DHG against MRSA, the expression of resistance gene and protein about ${\beta}-lactam$ antibiotic was reduced. Also, we observed the effect of DHG about cell membrane permeability against MRSA, and confirmed that DHG suppressed growth of strains by increasing cell membrane permeability. Results : Basis on the result, we speculate that DHG increase antibacterial activity of antibiotics against MRSA by changing the structure of cell wall of MRSA. Conclusions : These data suggest that Daehwanggo possesses possibility as supplementary drug about antibiotics against MRSA.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.655-666
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• 2005

본 연구는 젖산나트륨과 다양한 분자량이 각기 다른 키토산을 저지방 기능성 소시지의 제조 시 첨가하여 15$^{\circ}C$에서 저장 중 이화학적 및 조직적인 성상과 항균 효과를 조사하기 위해서 실시하였으며 락색소를 첨가하여 아질산염과 대체할 수 있는 발색효과를 나타내는지 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 제조한 저지방 기능성 소시지의 일반성분을 분석한 결과 수분 73.7- 76.0, 지방 2.5-2.7 그리고 단백질은 14.3-15.3%의 수준이었다. 각 처리구별 pH는 6.30-6.44 범위였으며 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 저분자 키토산(1.5kDa)을 첨가한 처리구의 보수력이 중분자(30-50kDa) 키토산 처리구보다 높았으며 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 젖산나트륨과 키토산의 첨가에 따른 진공 감량에서의 차이는 없었으며 저장 기간 중에서도 유의적 차이는 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 키토산 첨가에 의한 명도(L)와 황색도(b)가 낮았으며 락색소를 0.05% 첨가한 처리구의 적색도는 아질산염 150ppm 보다 낮았으나 아질산염 무첨가 처리구보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 15$^{\circ}C$에서 저장기간 동안에 명도(L)와 황색도(b)는 차이가 없었으며 적색도는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 젖산나트륨과 중분자 키토산(30-50 kDa)을 첨가한 처리구는 다른 처리구에 비해 모든 조직적 성상에서 높은 값을 나타내었고 탄력성, 검성, 저작성 그리고 응집성에서 저분자(1.5kDa)와 고분자(200kDa)의 처리구보다 높았다(p< 0.05). 저장 기간 중 모든 조직적 성상들이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 103CFU/g 수준으로 접종한 병원성미생물의 성장도를 살펴보면 Salmonella typhimurium과 Listeria monocytogenes는 아질산염 150ppm을 첨가한 대조구와 무첨가구에서 차이를 보이지 않으나, E. coli O157:H7은 아질산염 150ppm을 첨가한 처리구에서 유의적으로 낮은 성장도를 보였다(p<0.05). 키토산 분자량별로 살펴보면 저분자의 경우 젖산나트륨만 첨가된 것과 비교하여 유의차를 보이지 않아(p>0.05) 상승효과를 보이지 않은 반면 중, 고분자의 경우 젖산나트륨 처리구에 비해 유의성 있게 낮은 미생물 성장도를 보였다(p<0.05). 특히 고분자 처리구는 저분자 키토산에 비해 안정된 미생물 성장도를 보이며, L. monocytogenes에 대해 가장 강한 항균 작용을 보였다(p<0.05). L. monocytogenes는 고분자 키토산 첨가구가 저장 9일째까지 4 log CFU/g 이하의 균수를 유지함으로써, 젖산나트륨 첨가구와 비교하여 2 log CFU/g 이상의 차이를 보이며 가장 뛰어난 항균효과를 보였으나 저장 후기로 갈수록 그 차이가 미미하였다. 결론적으로 젖산나트륨과 키토산을 첨가한 처리구의 항균 효과는 아질산염 150 ppm을 첨가한 대조구보다 훨씬 높았고 다양한 분자량의 키토산 중에서 고분자 키토산이 다른 분자량의 키토산의 처리구들보다 L. monocytogenes에 대한 강한 항균효과를 보였다. 젖산나트륨에 중분자 키토산을 첨가한 처리구는 대부분의 조직적 성상에서 다른 처리구들보다 높았으며 락색소에 의한 발색효과는 아질산염 150 ppm 보다 낮았지만 아질산염 무첨가구에 비해 발색효과가 좋아 일부는 대체가 가능하였으나 완전 대체는 불가능한 것으로 나타났다.