• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2007

The antifungal effect of pine needle extract prepared by a distinguishable extraction method and the dry distillation method, was examined. The effect of this extract itself was insignificant. The chemical components of pine needle extract were then investigated by gas chromatographic analysis, and four, chemical components, acetol, furfural, 5-methyl furfural, and terpine4-ol, were identified. The antifungal effects of those four chemical components against Alternaria mali (A. mali), an agent of Alternaria blotch of apple, were then examined. It was observed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 6.25, 0.78, 0.78, and 12.5 (mg/ml) of acetol, furfural, 5-methyl furfural, and terpine-4-ol, respectively. MICs of furfural and 5-methyl furfural had the same order of magnitude as that of an antifungal agrochemical, chlorothalonil. Although furfural itself can not be completely substituted for an antifungal agrochemical, a partial mixture of furfural and antifungal agrochemical may be used as a substitute. The use of agrochemicals for the prevention of plant disease caused by pathogenic fungus such as A. mali could be partially reduced by the application of this mixture.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 2019

Streptomyces blastmyceticus strain 12-6 was isolated from a forest soil sample of Cheonan area on the basis of strong antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi. Butanol extracts of the cultural filtrates were active against C. acutatum, C. coccodes, C. gloeosporioides, F. oxysporum, and T. roseum. Active fractions were prepared by thin layer chromatography using silica gel plate; 12-6-2 ($R_f$ 0.36), 12-6-3 ($R_f$ 0.44). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the active fractions caused a change in surface texture of fungal spores from smooth surface to wrinkled surface. The lethal effect on the spores of the active fractions varied from 56% to 100%. It was shown that the spores of C. acutatum were more sensitive to the antifungal fractions than the spores of F. oxysporum. Fluorescence staining using TOTO-1 indicated that the antifungal fractions could make the spores more sensitive to the fluorescence dye. Thus, it was suggested that antifungal agents prepared in this study exhibited the antifungal activity by damaging the plasma membrane of both fungal spores and hyphae. Identification of antifungal agents in the active fraction using GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of cyclo-(Leu-Pro) and 9-octadecenamide as major components that have already been known as antifungal substances.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.559-563
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• 1999

Essential oil of Artemisia lavandulaefolia the chrysanthemum family plant used in the chinese medicine was extracted and antibacterial and antifungal activity with many kinds of the pathogenic bacterium and fungi was experimented by it. Ataphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus aureus gram positive bacterium at the concentration of 200ppm and Streptococcus mutans at the concentration of 1,000ppm showed the growth injibition effect of the cell. These showed statistically significant difference(p<0.05) Zymomonas mobilis Entrecoccus faecalis gram negative bacterium at the concentration of 200ppm and Pseudomonas putida at the concentration of 400ppm showedd the growth inhibition effect of the cell)p<0.05) V. Parahaemolyticus at the concentration of 800ppm and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the concentration of 1,000ppm showed the growth inhibition effect of the cell(p<0.05) Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans yeast-type fungi showed the gorwth inhibition effect of the cell at the concentration of 200ppm(p<0.05) Altenaria mali Aspergillus nidulans and Fusarium oxysporum filamentous fungi took the growth inhibition effect of the cell at the concentration of 600ppm, 400ppm, and 100ppm. respectively.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifungal effect of bee venom (BV) and sweet bee venom (SBV) against Candida albicans (C. albicans) clinical isolates. Methods: In this study, BV and SBV were examined for antifungal activities against the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) strain and 10 clinical isolates of C. albicans. The disk diffusion method was used to measure the antifungal activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were performed by using a broth microdilution method. Also, a killing curve assay was conducted to investigate the kinetics of the anti-fungal action. Results: BV and SBV showed antifungal activity against 10 clinical isolates of C. albicans that were cultured from blood and the vagina by using disk diffusion method. The MIC values obtained for clinical isolates by using the broth microdilution method varied from $62.5{\mu}g/mL$ to $125{\mu}g/mL$ for BV and from $15.63{\mu}g/mL$ to $62.5{\mu}g/mL$ for SBV. In the killing-curve assay, SBV behaved as amphotericin B, which was used as positive control, did. The antifungal efficacy of SBV was much higher than that of BV. Conclusion: BV and SBV showed antifungal activity against C. albicans clinical strains that were isolated from blood and the vagina. Especially, SBV might be a candidate for a new antifungal agent against C. albicans clinical isolates.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.41-47
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• 2010

It has been continuously noted that many sewage treatment concrete structures have deteriorated due to sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. There have been many reports on approaches to protecting concrete from this bacteria corrosion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inhibition of growth of a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium by a antifungal agent such as $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$, and the characteristics of polymer cement mortar using nickel type antifungal agent. First, we developed antifungal agents using metal nickel and $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ to inhibit the growth of thiobacillus novellus, which is the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in concrete. Then, ordinary cement mortar and polymer cement mortar using nickel type antifungal agent with various polymer-cement ratios, and antifungal agent content were prepared, and were tested for the antifungal adding effect, compressive and flexural strengths, expansion and leaching of nickel ion. From the test results, it was confirmed that the adding of an antifungal agent has an inhibition effect on the growth of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria at antifungal agent contents of 20 mM or more. In addition, the strengths and expansion of polymer cement mortars are not significantly changed by the addition of an antifungal agent. Therefore, the nickel-type antifungal agent developed in this study can be used to improve the durability of reinforced concrete hume pipe in the construction industry.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.441-446
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• 2000

Trichoderma harzianum is an aggressive causal agent of green mold disease on mushroom cultivation. Some bacterial strains isolated, from oyster mushroom compost in Wonju, were found to have in vitro antifungal activity against Trichoderma harzianum ATCC 6385, 6504, and our isolates Trichoderma spp. Y and G. Further in vitro antifungal studies on several strains of phytopathogenic fungi showed that all of 12 phytopathogenic fungal strains were significantly inhibited by the isolated antifungal bacteria in Petri dishes. Of these, KATB 99121 showed the broadest inhibiting effect and displayed as negative coagulase, negative sulfide production and rod shape. KATB 99121 was resistant to ampicillin, chlorampenicol, and kanamycin. Identification of isolates was determined by Biolog GN system, and KATB 99121 was identified as Photobacterium logei because of 96 probability, 0.65 similarity, and 4.97 disturbance. With electron microscopy, thin section of KATB 99121 strain revealed typical rod-like shaped cell (0.6-0.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$\times$1.5-2.0${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) with prokaryotic structure and organization.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 1992

In order to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of 2, 3-substituted-1, 4-naphthoquinone derivatives, we newly synthesized several 2-chloro, 2-bromo and 2-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinones and subjected to antibacterial and antifungal activities, in vitro, against Escherichia coli NIHJ, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538p, Candida albicans 10231, Aspergillus niger 1231 and Tricophyton mentagrophytes 6085. Among these derivatives 3, 9, 18 and 23 showed the potent antibacterial activities. 18, 23 and 28 have the antifungal activities. However, these compounds have no significant hemolytic activity at concentrations higher than that required for showing the antibacterial and antifungal activities.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.574-578
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• 1996

In the course of screening for the antifungal compounds against Candida albicans, an antifungal compound (F1480) was isolated from the culture broth of Aspergillus candidus F1484. Isolation and purification of compound F1484 were performed using ethyl acetate extraction, silica gel column chromatography, ODS column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. The structure of compound F1484 was determined by the spectroscopic analyses of EI-MS, $^{13}$C, $^{1}$H-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, and HMBC. This compound appeared to have a structure of antifungal agent, chloroflavonin. In addition to antifungal activities against the yeast phase of Candida species, compound F1484 showed cytotoxic effect against various human tumor cell lines.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 2017

We have studied the antifungal effect of 19 medicinal plants with paper disc diffusion method against candida albicans. As a result, Sanguisorba officinalis L., Cinnamomum cassia, Rheum coreanum, Perilla frutescens and Eugenia caryophyllata have been found to be effective against C. albicans. Among these, Sanguisorba officinalis L. was most effective at 24 hours and 48 hours. Its clear zone diameter was 17 mm for 24 hours and 16 mm for 48 hours. The antifungal activity of the solvent fraction of Sanguisorba officinalis L. by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol was the best for the chloroform fraction of 28 mm for 24 hours and 18 mm for 48 hours. The MIC concentration of the chloroform fraction was $80{\mu}g/50{\mu}l$ at 24 hours and $240{\mu}g/50{\mu}l$ at 48 hours.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.95-98
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of antifungal and antibacterial activity of Veratri Herba, which was used as insecticide in the clinical part of oriental dermatology for a long time. Sample herb was selected with Veratrum maackii in the middle of 5 veratrum species. The experimental results of this herb were as follows. Crude extract showed various relative inhibitory rates from 68.9% to 95.6% in 2mg/disc against Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cineria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichiae coli, and Bacillus subtilis on the basis of inhibitory range against B. cineria, and the inhibitory effect was decreased depending on density. In the extract of various organic solvent, chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction show the various size of dear zone against all microbes. And in the subfraction assay from ethyl acetate fraction, crude alkaloids show the antibacterial and antifungal effect significantly.