• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 1990

Now, many anticancer drugs are applying in the clinical side, but there is no conclusive effect of such a chemotherapy. Development ofnovel clinical useful anticancer drugs would be dependenton the screen-ing system and its test sample sources. So, it is necessary to outlinesome background on the tumor systems which have been used for screen-ing. This paper describes mainely on National Cancer Institute (NCI)program for anticancer screening systems, because the large number ofcompounds have been screened at NCI prograB and their relationship ofassesment between experimental animals and clinical Patients has beendiscussing and the uniform screefing protocols for various tumorsystens. At the end of this paper, some literatures of antitunor substances from various higher Plants at our laboratory are showed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3203-3211
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• 2015

This study identified the actual conditions for safe anticancer drug management among nurses and the relationship between level of awareness and performance of anticancer drug safety regulations in terms of preparation, administration, and disposal. The respondents were 236 nurses working with chemotherapy in wards and outpatient clinics in five hospitals in and near Seoul. Safety regulations provided for the anticancer drug the Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA, 1999), as modified for an earlier study, were used. The results showed that the level of awareness and performance on the anticancer drug safety regulations indicate their preparation ($3.38{\pm}0.55$, $2.38{\pm}0.98$), administration ($3.52{\pm}0.46$, $3.17{\pm}0.70$), general handling and disposal ($3.33{\pm}0.54$, $2.42{\pm}0.90$) on a scale 0 to 5. Also, there were significant differences in job positions, work experience, type of preparation, and continuing education and a positive relationship between the level of awareness and nursing performance. Thus, nurses should receive continuing education on the handling of anticancer drugs to improve the level of performance following safety regulations.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.30.1-30.8
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• 2023

Metformin is a treatment used widely for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with few side effects and acts by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Lymphoma is one of the most common hematological malignancies in dogs. Chemotherapy is used mainly on lymphoma, but further research on developing anticancer drugs for lymphoma is needed because of its severe side effects. This study examined the anticancer effects of metformin alone and in combination with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog, on EL4 cells (mouse T cell lymphoma). Metformin reduced the metabolic activity of EL4 cells and showed an additive effect when combined with 2-DG. In addition, cell death was confirmed using a trypan blue exclusion test, Hochest 33342/propidium iodide (PI) staining, and Annexin V/PI staining. An analysis of the cell cycle and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) to investigate the mechanism of action showed that metformin stopped the G2/M phase of EL4 cells, and metformin + 2-DG decreased MMP. Metformin exhibited anticancer effects as a G2/M phase arrest mechanism in EL4 cells and showed additive effects when combined with 2-DG via MMP reduction. Unlike cytotoxic chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs, metformin and 2-DG are related to cellular glucose metabolism and have little toxicity. Therefore, metformin and 2-DG can be an alternative to reduce the toxicity caused by chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs. Nevertheless, research is needed to verify the in vivo efficacy of metformin and 2-DG before they can be used in lymphoma treatments.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.525-533
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• 1997

Background : No ideal combination chemotherapy for lung cancer has been established even though lots of combination anticancer chemotherapies have been tried. For the combination of anticancer drugs, the interaction of anticancer drugs is very important but unpredictable factor. In this experiment, we designed and tested new experiment to measure the interaction of two anticancer drugs using MIT assay in an attempt to predict clinical response of the combination regimen. Methods : With human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-14), the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin, adriamycin, mitomycin C and etoposide were measured by in vitro chemosensitivity test (MIT assay). The combined cytotoxic effects of combination of two drugs were also measured in every combination of the drug concentrations and analyzed the interaction by Anava analysis of two way factorial design. Results : Four individual drugs showed cytotoxic effects on PC-14 by dose dependent fashion. Comparison of two drug combinations revealed that mitomycin C + cisplatin and adriamycin + cisplatin combinations showed stronger synergistic cytotoxic effects. Conclusion : From this experiment, we suggest two combinations of mitomycin C + cisplatin and adriamycin + cisplatin as chemotherapeutic regimens for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Furthermore, this experimental design could be applied to other types of cancer requiring combination anticancer chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2020

Background & objective: The Korean government has expanded its benefit coverage to enhance patients' access to orphan drugs and cancer medicines. However, the number of new drugs whose indications were not applied to reimbursement in health insurance was increased. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of experts and various stakeholders on the introduction of a new funding program for cancer treatment and orphan drugs. Methods: We conducted email surveys comprising 19 questions, from September 9 to 26, 2016. We distributed questionnaires to members of the Pharmaceutical Benefit Appraisal Committee and Cancer Assessment Committee. We also conducted a qualitative study through group interviews with stakeholders, including pharmaceutical companies and some patient groups for diseases. Results: A total of 35 survey respondents recommended the introduction of a funding program for orphan drugs, whereas 66% recommended the launch of funding for anticancer drugs. In addition, most pharmaceutical companies and patient groups recommended the introduction of new funding programs targeting patients with cancer and rare diseases. However, some participants asserted that it would be more appropriate to modify the existing reimbursement scheme than launch new funding. Conclusion: This study concluded that introducing new funding needs a social consensus to relieve financial hardships at the patient level.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 2020

Changing trends in anticancer research have altered the treatment paradigm to the extent that it is difficult to investigate any anticancer drugs without mentioning immunotherapy. Thus, we are finally contemplating tumour regression using magic bullets known as immunotherapy drugs. This review explores the possible options and pitfalls in tumour regression by first elucidating the features of cancer and the importance of tumour microenvironments. Next, we evaluated the trends of anticancer therapeutics regulating tumour microenvironment. Finally, we introduced the concept of tumour regression and various targets of tumour microenvironment, which can be used in combination with current immunotherapy for tumour regression. In particular, we emphasize the importance of regulating the neurological manifestations of tumour microenvironment (N) in addition to inflammation (I) and hypoxia (H) in cancer.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.18.1-18.16
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• 2012

An oncology-specific database called OncoRx (http://bit.ly/cancerRx) was previously set up in cyberspace to aid clinicians in identifying interactions of anticancer drugs (ACDs) and chemotherapy regimens with traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). Since then, users have requested the drug-CAM interactions (DCIs) of 5 specific CAMs (cranberry, melatonin, co-enzyme Q10, huachansu, reishi mushroom) to be updated in the database. Pharmacokinetic properties (metabolism, enzyme induction/inhibition, elimination), TCM properties and DCIs of each CAM were collated with 117 ACDs using 9 hardcopy compendia and online databases as resources. Additionally, individual ACDs and CAMs were used as keywords for PubMed searches in combination with the terms 'anticancer drugs', 'drug interactions', 'herb-drug/drug-herb interactions', 'pharmacokinetic interactions' and 'pharmacodynamic interactions'. DCI parameters consisted of interaction effects, evidence summaries, proposed management plans and alternative non-interacting CAMs, together with relevant citations and update dates of the DCIs. OncoRx is also used as a case to introduce the "Four Pharmaco-cybernetic Maxims" of quality, quantity, relationship and manner to developers of digital healthcare tools. Its role in Hayne's "5S" hierarchy of research evidence is also presented. OncoRx is meant to complement existing DCI resources for clinicians and alternative medicine practitioners as an additional drug information resource that provides evidence-based DCI information for ACD-CAM interactions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.509-523
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• 1997

This study was carried out for investigating antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), methotrexate(MTX) and retinoic acid(RA) on hepatocellular carcinoma induced in Sprague-Dawley rat. Antitumor effects were examined a flow cytometric DNA distributions by flow cytometry and stuied ATP/Pi using nuclear magnetic resorance, and the enzymatic activity of thymidylate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase as well as contents of total collagen and sialic acid were measured with spectrophotometer. In this study, S phase fraction, contents of sialic acid and total collagen were decreased in the induced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with 5-FU and MTX, and synergistic effects of anticancer drugs were exhibited in the hepatocellular carcinoma treated with 5-FU and MTX simultaneously, and the inhibition of thymidylate synthetic and dihydrofolate reductase activity were shown in the hepatocellular carcinoma treated with 5-FU, MTX, and 5-FU and MTX simultaneously. On the other hand, the ratio of ATP/Pi were increased in all groups except group treated with RA. The experimental results suggest that above method may be valuable for evaluating antitumor effect of anticancer drugs.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 1993

The in vitro predictive tests in cancer chemotherapy of cancer cell lines to anticancer drugs were determined using novel dye exclusion assay [NDEA], [3H] thymidine incorporation, and clonogenic assay [CA>. Antitumor effect of Bleomycin, Cis-platin, Vinblastine, Methotrexate to HEp-2, B16 cell lines using rapid assays was compared with [CA> in this study. In dye exclusion assay of B l6 cell line, cancer cells were sensitive to Bleomycin at all concentrations, to Vinblastine at the level of peak plasma concentration [PPC], ${\times}1/10$ [PPC](P<0.05). And Bleomycin revealed relatively good cytotoxicity than that of CDDP and vinblastine at ${\times}10$[PPC], (P<0.05). HEp-2 cells were resistive to methotrexate at the level of ${\times}100$[PPC] (P<0.05) In [3H] thymidine incorporation assay, B 16 cells were sensitive to Bleomycin, CDDP, Vinblastine at the level of [PPC], ${\times}10$ [PPC](P<0.01). Dose-dependent drugs of bleomycin, CDDP were more sensitive than Vinblastine at high concentration (P<0.05). In clonogenic assay, HEp-2 cell line was sensitive to three drugs of all concentrations except ${\times}10$ [PPC] of CDDP. B 16 cell line was sensitive to all drugs(P<0,01). In comparison of chemosensitivity tests among three assays, the results were correlated(${\gamma}=0.99$, P<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.520-530
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• 1997

Antineoplastic agents may exhibit effects not only in patients therapeutically exposed, but also in health workers who prepare and administer these drugs. This study was done to clarify whether nurses who handle anticancer drugs show signs of drug absorption. The experimental group was 14 nurses handling anticancer drugs at three medical wards of a hospital in J city ; the control group was 12 psychiatric nurses at the same hospital. The test materials were the nurses' 24hr urine specimens, which were concentrated by XAD-2 column chromatograpy. Tester strains were TA98(±S9mix), TA100(±S9 mix), TA1535(±S9 mix) and TA1537(±S9 mix) : the salmonella mammalian microsomal test (Ames test) was used for the urinary mutagenicity assay. The results are summarized as follow : 1. In qualitative analysis of the results, both experimental group and control group showed 15.4% urine toxicity. 2. The experimental group revealed significantly higher urinary mutagenicity both in the activation method test and non-activation method test of the tester strains TA98, TA100 and TA1535. In the case of TA1537, the two groups showed no difference in the non-activation method test, but the activation method revealed a difference. 3. In urinary mutagenicity of the experimental group by ward career, there was a significant difference between the group with more than 20 months experience and the group with less than 20 months on the tester strains TA98, TA100, and TA1537. No Significant difference was found between two groups by the tester strain TA1535.