• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.123-126
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• 2002

Pollutants that are persistent, bioaccurnulative, and toxic have been linked to numerous adverse effects in human and animals, PBTs include heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in addition to pesticides. This study focuses on toxic effects of the PBTs except pesticides on insects. Eight PBTs were selected from subgroups: three heavy metals (Pb, Hg, and Cd), two PCB mixtures (Aroclor mixtures 1 and 2), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, two monophenols (4-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol), and tetrabutyltin, Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, was used as test target insect species. Three physiological markers (metamorphosis, immune reaction, and follicle patency) were assessed in each exposure to different doses of the PCBs. Heat-shock proteins as molecular markers were also analyzed in response to the PCBs. All tested PBTs were toxic to metamorphosis from larvae to pupae when they were applied with diet. Two PCB mixtures were the most toxic compounds in this assay by giving significant toxicity at 0.005 ppm, while others had from 10 to 1000 ppm. Dioxin (0.1 ppb), tetrabutyltin (0.1 ppb), Pb (10 ppb), and Hg (0,01 ppb) were potent to inhibit immune reactions analyzed by inducing phenoloxidase activity and blocked phospholipase $A_2$ enzyme, Tetrabutyltin and dioxin significantly induced follicle cell patency, but their effects were lower than that of endogenous juvenile hormone, Dioxin, Pb, Hg, and Cd could induce the expression of heat shock proteins that were detected by immunoblotting against human HSP70 monoclonal antibody. HSP78 and HSP80 were upregulated in response to the PBTs. This expression was detected from the fat body and epidermis at as fast as 4h after injection. All these results clearly suggest that PBTs give significant ecotoxicity to insects that are valuable organisms in our environment.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2007

This study was carried out to review and evaluate anti-CCP ELISA assay for diagnostic in RA patients from an early arthritis clinic (EAC). The subjects were obtained from patients visiting the outpatient clinic of the Dept. of Rhumatology med.of P hospital in Daegu, during 6 months from July 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006. The subjects were 140 cases : 80 cases from RA patients (60 women and 20 men; mean age 58 years; range, 32-68 years) confirmed by clinical diagnostic. 39 cases of these RA patients were classified as having early RA (EAC). 50 cases (non-RA) did not fulfill the criteria for RA, and 10 cases were from healthy individuals. We performed the analysis with solid phase-ELISA method (ETI-max3000, Diasorin; Italy) for anti-CCP and Nephelometry assay (Roche/Hitachi 902 analyzer; USA) for RF. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; anti-CCP ELISA is more specific than RF Nephelometry assay (specificity 94% vs 90%) to diagnose RA patients with suspected EAC (early arthritis clinic). The combination test "anti-CCP and RF" had a very high specificity (specificity 98.3%, PPV; RA group 96%, EAC 95%), the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Anti-CCP ELISA had more sensitivity in EAC (Early arthritis clinic) patients than chronic RA patients (sensitivity 64% vs 24%, respectively), anti-CCP of RA group and EAC group was more specific than RF (anti-CCP PPV; 92%, 89% vs 89%, 81% respectively), the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference of antibody concetration between anti-CCP and RF for RA and the control group is statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, anti-CCP ELISA testing may be useful if performed concomitantly with RF Nephelometry assay to diagnose RA patients with suspected EAC (early arthritis clinic).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.401-404
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• 2015

A sandwich ELISA (sELISA) to detect pork in processed foods was developed using goat anti-pig IgG antibodies. From the sELISA standard curve, the detection range of pork was $3-1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The cross-reactivity between the pig IgG antibodies, pork, and other meats (beef, chicken, fish, and crustaceas) was 100, 0.18, and 0%, respectively. When pork was heated for 10 min, the mean assay recoveries of pig-IgG were 79-32% at $60-70^{\circ}C$ and less than 0.11% at $80^{\circ}C$ or higher. When pork was spiked into cream soup, weaning food, fish paste, and sauce, the mean assay recoveries were 8.8, 45, 36, and 39%, respectively. In 12 commercial processed foods, the assay results coincided qualitatively with the food labels on the packages.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2008

We compared the pathogenicity and antigenicity of two different Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) strains KFE and Edk-2 isolated in Korea and Japan respectively. In the pathogenicity analysis with challenge test against loach, E. tarda KFE isolate showed stronger pathogenicity compared to that of E. tarda Edk-2 isolate. The differences were also confirmed by the comparison of OMP (outer membrane protein) in SDSPAGE which showed three major bands, 41kDa, 37kDa and 30kDa, for E. tarda KFE isolates and two major bands, 41kDa and 30kDa, for E. tarda Edk-2 isolates. On the base of these results, we tried to determine the differences of antigenicities of these two isolates in loach which is one of the important species in freshwater aquaculture in Korea. Numbers of specific antibody secreting cells (SASC), appeared to be higher in loach immunized with FKC of E. tarda Edk-2 than loach immunized with FKC of E. tarda KFE. ELISPOT-assay for the comparison of antigenicity showed relatively high percentage of cross-reaction and implied the presence of some common epitopes in the antigens of these two E. tarda isolates.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 2001

Lung involvement in systemic sclerosis(SSC) is common but usually occurs late in the course. Skin changes usually occur before the pulmonary findings. In this report, a patient who developed pulmonary interstitial fibrosis without skin changes is presented. A diagnosis of SSC lung involvement was made histologically. The a nti-scl-70 antibody test was positive. Esophageal manometry revealed a lower amplitude in the lower two-third of the esophagus and pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter. Here we report a case of systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma presenting as pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with a review of the relevant literatures.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

We previously reported the protein isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma (CRP), which has antifungal activity against a fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. In the current study, we investigated what portion in the CRP is responsible for the antifungal activity. For the investigation, the CRP was fractionated on a Shepadex G-50 column. Data resulting from the fractionation, seven fractions were obtained. Fractions (Fr.) I, II, and III eluted initially from the column showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of C. albicans, whereas Fr. IV, V, and VI eluted later revealed inhibition of the growth, and Fr. IV and VI showed potent antifungal activity by broth susceptibility analysis. However, Fr. VI was contained in the CRP more than Fr. IV, which led us to select the VI for the following experiments. In a murine model of a subcutaneous candidiasis caused by C. albicans, the Fr. VI displayed a therapeutic effect on nude mice pretreated with anti-neutrophil monoclonal antibody (RB68C5) and then infected subcutaneously with live C. albicans. At day 16, these mice were healed almost up to 78% of the infected area when compared to infected area of control nude mice that received diluent (Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline; DPBS), instead of the Fr. VI (P<0.01). The Fr. VI blocked hyphal formation from blastoconidial form of C. albicans (P<0.01), which might prevent penetration of hyphae to the deeper site of skin and thus helps the healing. In the ionic strength test, the effect of Fr. was influenced by $Ca^{2+}$ ion just like other known antimicrobial peptides, but the influence was affected at an extremely high concentration such as 500 mM. Thus, such ion-concentration is considered to be meaningless in the clinical situation. Considering all data together, Coptidis Rhizoma is appeared to produce an antimicrobial peptide that has therapeutic effect on subcutaneous infection caused by C. albicans.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2012

Rotaviruses have been known to be a major etiological agent of gastroenteritis in both infants and young animals. Subsequently new rotaviruses, which were morphologically indistinguishable but antigenically and electrophoretically distinct with each other, were reported from several animals throughout world including Korea. These new rotaviruses were named as non-group A or group B or group C rotaviruses and so on. It has been very difficult to isolate and grow the non-group A rotaviruses in vitro, and this has greatly limited the characterizations of non-group A rotaviruses and serological studies. In this study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against porcine non-group A rotavirus were produced and characterized. The VP6 gene of porcine group C rotavirus Korean isolate(#06-52-1) was cloned and expressed. For expression of VP6 gene, baculovirus expression system was applied. The VP6 gene and expressed protein in the recombinant virus were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) test and Western blot, respectively. The expressed VP6 was used for MAbs production. The MAbs produced in this study would be promising as diagnostic reagents for detection of group C rotavirus infection.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.537-545
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• 2005

Even though neutralizing antibodies against the Hantaan virus (HTNV) has been proven to be critical against viral infections, the cellular immune responses to HTNV are also assumed to be important for viral clearance. In this report, we have examined the cellular and humoral immune responses against the HTNV nucleocapsid protein (NP) elicited by virus infection or DNA vaccination. To examine the cellular immune response against HTNV NP, we used $H-2K^b$ restricted T-cell epitopes of NP. The NP-specific $CD8^+$ T cell response was analyzed using a $^{51}Cr-release$ assay, intracellular cytokine staining assay, enzyme-linked immunospot assay and tetramer binding assay in C57BL/6 mice infected with HTNV. Using these methods, we found that HTNV infection elicited a strong NP-specific $CD8^+$ T cell response at eight days after infection. We also found that several different methods to check the NP-specific $CD8^+$ T cell response showed a very high correlation among analysis. In the case of DNA vaccination by plasmid encoding nucleocapsid gene, the NP-specific antibody response was elicited $2\~4$ weeks after immunization and maximized at $6\~8$ weeks. NP-specific $CD8^+$ T cell response reached its peak 3 weeks after immunization. In a challenge test with the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing NP (rVV-HTNV-N), the rVV-HTNV-N titers in DNA vaccinated mice were decreased about 100-fold compared to the negative control mice.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 2003

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (OR) is a recently described gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium associated with respiratory tract infection in poultry. In order to investigate current occurrence of OR infection and to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility, the prevalence of OR antibody in domestic chickens were examined and the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of 8 antibiotics for 11 OR isolates was determined. All isolates tested were mostly susceptible to three antibiotics, ampicillin (MICs ranging from 0.38 ${\mu}g$/ml to 2 ${\mu}g$/ml), tetracycline (MICs 0.094～3 ${\mu}g$/ml) and doxycycline (MICs 0.047～4 ${\mu}g$/ml) but resistant to genatmicin. Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ofloxacin gave most isolates inhibition only in case of a higher concentration (MICs ranged in most cases from 3 ${\mu}g$/ml to 48 ${\mu}g$/ml). Out of 188 chicken flocks including broilers, broiler breeders, and layers, seropositive flock to OR were detected in 5 broilers (4%), 17 broiler breeders (50%), and 16 layers (55.2%), using commercial OR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kits. It suggested that OR infection was widespreaded in poultry farms in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of the modified live vaccines against canine Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) in puppies by nasal administration. A total of 24 puppies were classified as 3 groups consisting of 8, and each one was divided into two subgroups; vaccinated (n=4) and unvaccinated (n=4). Group I, group II and group III were challenged with Bb, CPIV, and Bb+CPIV, respectively. In group I vaccinated puppies (n=4) were experimentally challenged with Bb 2 weeks after vaccination and unvaccinated puppies (n=4) were experimentally challenged with Bb alone. The same methods of the above were applied for group II and group III. We carried out several studies including serum tests, isolation, and histopathological examination. The vaccinated puppies showed higher antibody titers than unvaccinated puppies and the titer sustained during the experimental period. In the isolation test, recovery period was shorter in the vaccinated subgroup than in the other. In clinical signs, the unvaccinated puppies showed the typical signs of tracheobronchitis (coughing, nasal and occular discharge), but another subgroup showed delayed incidence and mild clinical signs. The typical gross lesions and histopathological findings were observed in the unvaccinated puppies. In immunohistochemical findings, the vaccinated puppies showed little intensive in reaction for CPIV antigen than the other. It could be concluded that intranasal vaccination of modified live Bb and CPIV vaccine to puppies is effective to prevent canine infectious tracheobronchitis.