• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2022

임신은 갑상선 기능 검사의 중요한 해석을 필요로 하며 임신 중 갑상선 기능 이상과 외부 바이러스성 감염 인자들의 항체의 존재는 태아 및 산모의 건강에 영향을 미치기에 임신에서 갑상선 기능의 선별적 평가가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 임신기간 동안 정상 산모들의 선택적 산전 감염인자 검사 항목 중에서 갑상선 관련 인자와 바이러스성 감염 인자의 임신시기별 상호 연관성을 알아보고자 하는 후향적 단편 실태조사이다. 분석한 결과를 살펴보면, T3는 나이가 증가함에 따라 감소하고, 특히 HCV가 양성인 그룹에서 양의 유의성을 보였다(P<0.01). 또한 HIV가 음성이지만 임계치에 근접하거나 쌍둥이 임산부에서는 FT4가 유의한 증가를 나타냈다(P<0.05). TSH는 30대 연령에서 높게 분포하였으며, 다른 바이러스성 감염인자와는 통계적 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 또한, TSH의 결과 값을 삼분위로 나누어 분석한 결과, FT4와 T3은 양의 상관성을 보였으나 TSH와는 음의 상관성을 보였다(P<0.05). 따라서 본 연구를 통해서 임신 중 산전검사인 갑상선 검사와 바이러스성 감염인자의 검사를 통한 임신 중 평가는 임신 경과시간, 감염인자의 노출상태 및 정량적 수치의 상태를 반영하여 이루어져야 할 것이며, 갑상선 관련 내분비 인자에 대한 산전검사의 유용성에 대한 평가의 보완이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

말인플루엔자(EI) 사독백신 투여 후 virus strains 별로 항체역가 변화를 측정하였다. 더러브렛말(1세) 20마리에서 혈구응집억제반응법으로 혈청항체를 41주 동안 관찰하였다. 기초접종 4주 후에 2차접종을 하였다. 그러나 2차 접종 직전의 혈청에서는 대부분 항체역가가 관찰되지 않았다. 역가 최고치는 접종 후 6-10주였고, 16주 동안 유지되었으며 이후 서서히 감소하였다. 백신무반응은 3마리(15%) 말에서 나타났지만 이는 virus strains에 좌우되었다. A/Equine/La Plata/93(H3N8)는 3개의 strain 중에서 높고 안정적인 항체반응을 유도하였다. 결과를 바탕으로 항체역가를 유지하기 위해서는 1세마에 3회 접종이 권고된다. 저자들은 백신에 대한 무반응은 백신브레이크 또는 개체특이성에 기인하였다고 추측하였다. 이 실험은 국내 최초의 EI 백신 strain에 대한 연구였으며 면역학적 무반응에 대해서는 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.282-295
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• 2023

Background: Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) protects tissues from proteases and promotes cell proliferation and healing. SLPI also reduces periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine expression in rat periodontal tissues and osteoblasts. However, little is known of the role of SLPI in the expression of osteoclast regulatory factors from osteoblasts, which are crucial for the interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of SLPI on the regulation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in LPS-treated alveolar bone and osteoblasts. Methods: Periodontitis was induced in rats using LPS. After each LPS injection, SLPI was injected into the same area. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with antibodies against SLPI, RANKL, OPG, and Runx2 in the periodontal tissue. RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the expression levels of SLPI, RANKL, OPG, and Runx2 in LPS- and SLPI/LPS-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. SLPI/LPS-treated MC3T3-E1 cells were also stained with Alizarin Red S. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression levels of SLPI, OPG, and Runx2 were higher while that of RANKL was lower in the LPS/SLPI group relative to those in the LPS group. The mRNA and protein expression of SLPI, OPG, and Runx2 was higher in SLPI/LPS/MC3T3-E1 cells than in LPS/MC3T3-E1 cells, and RANKL expression was lower. During differentiation, OPG and Runx2 protein levels were higher whereas RANKL levels were lower in SLPI/LPS/MC3T3-E1 than in LPS/MC3T3-E1 cells on days 0, 4, 7, and 10. In addition, mineralization and matrix deposition were higher in SLPI/LPS/MC3T3-E1 than in LPS/MC3T3-E1 on days 7 and 10. SLPI decreased RANKL expression in LPS-treated alveolar bone and osteoblasts but increased the expression of OPG and Runx2. Conclusion: SLPI can be considered as a regulatory molecule that indirectly regulates osteoclast activation via osteoblasts and promotes osteoblast differentiation.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.43.1-43.10
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• 2023

The continuous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has provided insights for updating current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. We examined the neutralizing activity of Abs induced by a BA.4/5-containing bivalent mRNA vaccine against Omicron subvariants BN.1 and XBB.1.5. We recruited 40 individuals who had received a monovalent COVID-19 booster dose after a primary series of COVID-19 vaccinations and will be vaccinated with a BA.4/5-containing bivalent vaccine. Sera were collected before vaccination, one month after, and three months after a bivalent booster. Neutralizing Ab (nAb) titers were measured against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron subvariants BA.5, BN.1, and XBB.1.5. BA.4/5-containing bivalent vaccination significantly boosted nAb levels against both ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron subvariants. Participants with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection had higher nAb titers against all examined strains than the infection-naïve group. NAb titers against BN.1 and XBB.1.5 were lower than those against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and BA.5 strains. These results suggest that COVID-19 vaccinations specifically targeting emerging Omicron subvariants, such as XBB.1.5, may be required to ensure better protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in high-risk groups.

• 공업화학
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2024

흡광은 측정이 간편하고 해석의 직관성이 높다는 점에서 생화학 기반 분석법의 신호로서 강점을 가진다. 흡광을 가지는 물질 중에서 금 나노입자는 화학적 안정성, 생물학적 친화성, 가시광선 범위에서 야기되는 국소 표면 플라즈몬 공명(localized surface plasmon resonance, LSPR)에 의한 독특한 광학적 특성 등의 유용한 성질을 지니며, 특정 표적 물질에만 유효한 다른 발색물질과 비교해 항체나 압타머 등 다양한 검출 활성물질과 접합이 용이하여 확장성을 가진다. 특히, 기질의 산화로 발색을 야기하는 효소 기반 발색법에 비해 낮은 가격, 쉬운 입자 합성, 높은 환경안정성 등의 장점으로 인해 비색화 분석법의 신호물질로서 광범위하게 연구되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 이와 같은 금 나노입자를 신호물질로 활용하는 다양한 전략을 최근의 연구들을 중심으로 요약 정리하였으며, 입자의 형태에 광학 특성이 영향을 받는 금 나노입자의 특징에 착안하여 신호생성 시에 활용한 금 나노입자의 형태 제어 전략을 기준으로 문헌들을 분류하고 검토하였다. 이를 통해 이미 오랜 기간 활용되어온 금 나노입자가 현재에도 흡광 신호물질로서 여전히 활발하게 연구되고 있다는 사실을 고찰하고, 향후에도 광범위하고 지속적으로 개선될 여지를 가진다는 점을 확인하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2023

Purpose: Since patients on hemodialysis (HD) are known to be vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many studies were conducted regarding the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in HD patients in Western countries. Here, we assessed antibody response of HD patients for 6 months post-vaccination to identify the duration and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in the Asian population. Materials and Methods: We compared antibody response of the COVID-19 vaccine in HD patients with healthy volunteers. Patient and control groups had two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and mRNA-1273, respectively. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was measured before vaccination, 2 weeks after the first dose, 2 and 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months after the second dose. Neutralizing antibody was measured before vaccination and at 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months after second dose. Since the third dose was started in the middle of the study, we analyzed the effect of the third dose as well. Results: Although antibody production was weaker than the control group (n=22), the patient group (n=39) showed an increase in IgG and neutralizing antibody after two doses. And, 21/39 patients and 14/22 participants had a third dose (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in the patient group, mRNA-1273 in the control group), and it did not affect antibody response in both group. Trend analysis showed IgG and neutralizing antibody did not decrease over time. Age, sex, and HD vintage did not affect antibody production in HD patients. Patients with higher body mass index displayed better seroresponse, while those on immunosuppressants showed poor seroresponse. Conclusion: Two doses of vaccination led to significant antibody response in HD patients, and the antibody did not wane until 6 months.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2024

이 리뷰 논문에서는 혈관 투과성, 내피세포 모집, 종양관련 혈관 및 림프관의 유지 등에서 핵심적인 과정인 angiogenesis와 lymphangiogenesis에 있어서 vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)가 이행하는 중요한 역할에 대해 재조명하고자 한다. VEGF는 tyrosine-kinase receptor인 VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3를 통해 그 역할을 이행하며, 이러한 VEGF-VEGFR 시스템은 암에서뿐만 아니라 비정상적인 혈관 및 림프관 형성으로 인해 야기되는 다른 질병들에 있어서도 핵심적인 요소로 각광받고 있다. 암의 측면에서 보았을 때, VEGF와 그 수용체는 종양관련 혈관 및 림프관을 형성하는 과정에서 필수적이라는 점에서 치료적인 타겟으로 이목을 끌고 있다. 때문에 암세포의 성장을 방해하기 위한 항VEGF 항체, 수용체 길항체, 수용체 기능 억제제 등과 같은 여러 가지 시도들이 있었지만, 아직까지 그 임상효과가 불확실하며 더 많은 연구들이 필요한 실정이다. 이 논문에서는 VEGF의 생리적 역할을 VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, PLGF에 따라 나누어 설명하면서 VEGF/VEGFR 시스템의 중요성을 강조한다. VEGFR-1과 VEGFR-3은 각각 angiogenesis와 lymphangiogenesis에 핵심적인 인자이며, VEGFR-2의 경우 두 가지 모두를 일으킨다. 전반적으로 이 리뷰는 현재까지 밝혀진 암을 포함한 다양한 질병에서의 VEGF와 VEGFR의 역할에 대해 상세히 설명하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 치료 표적으로서 VEGF와 VEGFR의 활용이 더욱 촉진될 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.325-335
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• 2024

Background and Objectives: The number of sensitized heart failure patients on waiting lists for heart transplantation (HTx) is increasing. Using the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry (KOTRY), a nationwide multicenter database, we investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of calculated panel-reactive antibody (cPRA) in patients undergoing HTx. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 813 patients who underwent HTx between 2014 and 2021. Patients were grouped according to peak PRA level as group A: patients with cPRA ≤10% (n= 492); group B: patients with cPRA >10%, <50% (n=160); group C patients with cPRA ≥50% (n=161). Post-HTx outcomes were freedom from antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), acute cellular rejection, coronary allograft vasculopathy, and all-cause mortality. Results: The median follow-up duration was 44 (19-72) months. Female sex, re-transplantation, and pre-HTx renal replacement therapy were independently associated with an increased risk of sensitization (cPRA ≥50%). Group C patients were more likely to have longer hospital stays and to use anti-thymocyte globulin as an induction agent compared to groups A and B. Significantly more patients in group C had positive flow cytometric crossmatch and had a higher incidence of preformed donor-specific antibody (DSA) compared to groups A and B. During follow-up, group C had a significantly higher rate of AMR, but the overall survival rate was comparable to that of groups A and B. In a subgroup analysis of group C, post-transplant survival was comparable despite higher preformed DSA in a desensitized group compared to the non-desensitized group. Conclusions: Patients with cPRA ≥50% had significantly higher incidence of preformed DSA and lower freedom from AMR, but post-HTx survival rates were similar to those with cPRA <50%. Our findings suggest that sensitized patients can attain comparable post-transplant survival to non-sensitized patients when treated with optimal desensitization treatment and therapeutic intervention.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.474-480
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• 2024

Background: Recent years have witnessed increasing interest in the high amount of ocotillol-type saponin in Panax vietnamensis, particularly in relation to majonoside R2 (MR2). This unique 3%-5% MR2 content impart Ngoc Linh and Lai Chau ginsengs with unique pharmacological activities. However, in the commercial domain, unauthentic species have infiltrated and significantly hindered access to the authentic, efficacious variety. Thus, suitable analytical techniques for distinguishing authentic Vietnamese ginseng species from others is becoming increasingly crucial. Therefore, MR2 is attracting considerable attention as a target requiring effective management measures. Methods: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed by producing monoclonal antibodies against MR2 (mAb 16E11). The method was thoroughly validated, and the potential of the immunoassay was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet spectroscopy. Furthermore, ELISA was applied to the assessment of the MR2 concentrations of various Panax spp., including Korean, American, and Japanese ginsengs. Results and conclusions: An icELISA using mAb 16E11 exhibited linearity between 3.91 and 250 ng/mL of MR2, with detection and quantification limits of 1.53 and 2.50 - 46.6 ng/mL, respectively. Based on this study, the developed icELISA using mAb 16E11 could be a valuable tool for analyzing MR2 level to distinguish authentic Ngoc Linh and Lai Chau ginsengs from unauthentic ones. Furthermore, the analysis of the samples demonstrated that Ngoc Linh and Lai Chau ginsengs exhibit a notably higher MR2 value than all other Panax spp. Thus, MR2 might be their ideal marker compound, and various bioactivities of this species should be explored.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.384-391
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• 2024

Morphological evaluation of the small intestine mucosa and apoptosis activity (caspase-3) is necessary to assess the severity of damage to the small intestine. At the same time, proliferative index based on Ki-67 can be used to assess the regenerative potential of the small intestine. Fragments of small intestine of Wistar rats (n=60) of three groups: I) control (n=20); II) experimental group (n=20; local single electron irradiation at a dose of 2 Gy), III) experimental group (n=20; local single electron irradiation at a dose of 8 Gy) were studied by light microscopy using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical reactions with antibodies to Ki-67 and caspase-3. In all samples of the experimental groups, a decrease in all morphometric indices was observed on day 1 with a tendency to recover on day 3. Small intestinal electron irradiation led to disturbances in the histoarchitecture of varying severity, and an increase in cell apoptosis was observed (increased expression of caspase-3 and decrease in Ki-67). In addition, modulation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways was detected. The most pronounced destructive changes were observed in the group of 8 Gy single electron irradiation. Local irradiation of the small intestine with electrons at a dose of 2 and 8 Gy results in a decrease in the number of enterocytes, mainly stem cells of the intestinal crypts.