Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research

The Korean Vaccine Society (대한백신학회)
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Antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients on chronic hemodialysis

  • Heejung Choi (Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • Sungdam Han (Malgundam Internal Medicine Clinic) ;
  • Ji Su Kim (Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovation, Ajou University Medical Center) ;
  • Bumhee Park (Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovation, Ajou University Medical Center) ;
  • Min-Jeong Lee (Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • Gyu-Tae Shin (Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • Heungsoo Kim (Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kyongmin Kim (Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • A-Young Park (Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • Ho-Joon Shin (Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • Inwhee Park (Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2023.03.16
  • Accepted : 2023.04.23
  • Published : 2023.07.31
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Abstract

Purpose: Since patients on hemodialysis (HD) are known to be vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many studies were conducted regarding the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in HD patients in Western countries. Here, we assessed antibody response of HD patients for 6 months post-vaccination to identify the duration and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in the Asian population. Materials and Methods: We compared antibody response of the COVID-19 vaccine in HD patients with healthy volunteers. Patient and control groups had two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and mRNA-1273, respectively. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was measured before vaccination, 2 weeks after the first dose, 2 and 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months after the second dose. Neutralizing antibody was measured before vaccination and at 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months after second dose. Since the third dose was started in the middle of the study, we analyzed the effect of the third dose as well. Results: Although antibody production was weaker than the control group (n=22), the patient group (n=39) showed an increase in IgG and neutralizing antibody after two doses. And, 21/39 patients and 14/22 participants had a third dose (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in the patient group, mRNA-1273 in the control group), and it did not affect antibody response in both group. Trend analysis showed IgG and neutralizing antibody did not decrease over time. Age, sex, and HD vintage did not affect antibody production in HD patients. Patients with higher body mass index displayed better seroresponse, while those on immunosuppressants showed poor seroresponse. Conclusion: Two doses of vaccination led to significant antibody response in HD patients, and the antibody did not wane until 6 months.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (2019R1G1A1100671).

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