• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.374-378
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• 2004

One hundred and twenty crossbred pigs [(Duroc$\times$Yorkshire)$\times$Landrace] were used to determine the effects of plant extract (PE) supplementation on performance and blood characteristics in weaned pigs fed a corn-dried whey-SBM based diet. Treatments were 1) NC (antibiotic free basal diet), 2) PC (NC diet+100 ppm apramycin and 100 ppm oxytetracycline), 3) PE 0.1 (NC diet+0.1% plant extract), 4) PE 0.2 (NC diet+0.2% plant extract) and 5) PE+AB (PC diet+0.1% plant extract). Through the entire experimental period, ADG of pigs fed PC (300 vs. 281 g/d), PE 0.2 (310 vs. 281 g/d) and PE+AB (306 vs. 281 g/d) diets was higher than that of pigs fed NC diet (p<0.05). However, no differences were found among the treatments for ADFI and gain/feed. At day 2 after the onset of the experiment, fecal consistency score of pigs fed PC, PE 0.1, PE 0.2 and PE+AB diets was lower than that of pigs fed NC diet. There were no significant differences in red blood cell, white blood cell, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes concentrations of blood among the treatments. In conclusion, PE can be used to replace antibiotics in diets for weaned pigs without negative affects on performance. Optimal PE levels seemed to be 0.2% and the results obtained point out to a synergic effect of the combination of PE and antibiotic on performance in weaned pigs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1538-1545
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• 2007

Clavulanic acid (CA) is an inhibitor of ${\beta}$-lactamase that is produced from Streptomyces clavuligerus NRRL3585 and is used in combination with other antibiotics in clinical treatments. In order to increase the production of CA, the replicative and integrative expressions of ccaR (encoding for a specific regulator of the CA biosynthetic operon) and cas2 (encoding for the rate-limiting enzyme in the CA biosynthetic pathway) were applied. Six recombinant plasmids were designed for this study. The pIBRHL1, pIBRHL3, and pIBRHL13 were constructed for overexpression, whereas pNQ3, pNQ2, and pNQ1 were constructed for chromosomal integration with ccaR, cas2, and ccaR-cas2, respectively. All of these plasmids were transformed into S. clavuligerus NRRL3585. CA production in transformants resulted in a significantly enhanced amount greater than that of the wild type, a 2.25-fold increase with pIBRHLl, a 9.28-fold increase with pNQ3, a 5.06-fold increase with pIBRHL3, a 2.93-fold increase with pNQ2 integration, a 5.79-fold increase with pIBRHLl3, and a 23.8-fold increase with pNQ1. The integrative pNQl strain has been successfully applied to enhance production.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2006

This work described 3 infection cases caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals between 3 and 5 months of age. The disease histories were not fully taken from local veterinarians. At least 1 sick foal has been treated with cephalothins followed by penicillins during approximately 1 week, but died without effectiveness and other foals rearing with the animal have been suffering from severe pneumonia which show high fever, laboring respiration, cough and/or nasal discharge. There were many abscessations into lungs of 2 foals in postmortem examination and another 1 sample was pus collected from abscess around the shoulder, indicating the osteomyelitis. Those bacteria were grampositive coryneform and were identified as a R. equi by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers for R. equi-specific vapA gene. The pathogens were usually resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, cefazolin, clindamycin, sulfamethoxazol/trimethoprim, kanamycin, and tetracycline, while were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, orfloxacin, gentamicin, erythromycin, neomycin, and vancomycin. Some more foals with respiratory symptoms in 1 horse farm were treated by orally administration with erythromycin during 2 weeks. Because the combination of erythromycin and rifampin has recommended as the treatment for R. equi infections in foals, the local equine veterinarian can choose those antibiotics for the treatment of this disease in future. However, another antimicrobial agent may be necessary if R. equi resistant to both agents is isolated.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.288-291
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• 2013

The purpose of the retrospectivestudy was to describe the clinical findings and treatment of intracorneal hemorrhage (ICH) in canine small breeds. The medical records of 6 dogs with ICH (January 2007 to November 2011) were examined to obtain the breed, age, gender, affected eye, cornea area, treatment, and follow-up. A total of 12 corneal areas in 8 eyes were identified in 6 dogs (4 Yorkshire terriers, 1 Poodle, and 1 Maltese). The mean age ${\pm}SD$ at the first presentation was $12.3{\pm}2.8$years, and 5 of 6 dogs were over 12 years old. ICH caused by corneal neovascularization was the most common in the nasal area of cornea (nasal 6/12, superior 4/12, and inferior 2/12) and recurred in different area of same or other cornea in 3 dogs. There were no concomitant corneal diseases at the initial presentation. All dogs affected were treated with combination of topical antibiotics and steroids and subconjuctival injection of steroids. The results showed that ICH can be treated with long-term medical therapies. In addition, further study would be needed to identify specific causes for the intracorneal hemorrhage.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2005

Purpose: Urgent diagnosis and treatment of the septic arthritis is required. The purpose of this study is to review to correlate preoperative MRI findings with arthroscopic findings in septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients with acute septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint were treated with combination of arthroscopic lavage, debridement, and systemic antibiotics. The arthroscopic staging of infection was made based on the modified criteria of $G\"{a}chter$ and five major findings of MRI were marked in each stage of septic shoulder. Results: Bone and cartilage erosion was the end stage finding and two patients with all five positive findings had failed with arthroscopic treatment. Reactive bone marrow edema was evident in the greater tuberosity. Joint effusion, synovial thickening and soft tissue edema were rather non-specific finding and presented in all stages of septic shoulder. Conclusion: Diffuse marrow edema with metaphyseal cyst formation in the preoperative MRI implied advanced stage of septic arthritis, which may fail with arthroscopic debridement.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2006

A mixture of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and minocycline(3Mix) in distilled water or in a root canal sealer were used to disinfect the infected endodontic and periapical lesions. It has been well acknowledged in recent literature that minocycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline derivative, causes discolorations in adult teeth and various other collagenous tissues. In these cases, pulp treatments were finished successfully using a combination of antibiotics but severe discolorations of the teeth were observed. Discolored non-vital posterior tooth was treated using the prosthodontic procedure. And anterior tooth was successfully treated using the walking bleach technique. Bleaching was performed by temporarily placing a mixture of sodium perborate and distilled water into the pulp chamber. There were significant esthetic improvement.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2015

Numerous challenges in treating permanent dentition are encountered, especially in treating immature teeth with pulp necrosis. Historically, calcium hydroxide application during long periods of time was used to induce the formation of a calcific barrier across the open apex. In 2004, a new treatment modality for the management of the open apex was introduced. This treatment was named as 'revascularization' and gained acceptance among dentists. The protocol was different from the traditional apexification techniques in that the canal was irrigated and disinfected with a combination of three antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline). At the next appointment, bleeding was induced and the canal was sealed with MTA. Successful regenerative endodontic treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth can provide continued root development, increased thickness in the dentinal walls and apical closure. These developments of a functional pulp-dentin complex have a promising impact on retaining the natural teeth, the goal of the dental health care.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1999

Protoplasts were isolated from the vegetative thalli of Meristotheca papulosa using several commercial and crude enzymes. The suitable enzyme combination for the protoplast isolation was 4% abalone acetone powder, 4% Macerozyme R-10 and 4% Hemicellulase in the filtered seawater buffered with 50mM MES (pH 6.0) containing 0.6M mannitol and 0.5% potassium dextran sulfate. Yield of protoplast was $107.6{\times}10^4$ cells per gram of fresh thallus. Protoplasts were whitish ovoid in shape and ranged between $7{\mu} m$~ $24{\mu} m$ in diameter. Division of protoplasts was first observed 9 days after culture in $ASP_{12}$ medium, and the germination occurred within 25 days. The addition of Guillard's antibiotics in culture media was harmful to the regeneration of protoplasts.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2014

Background: The chin shape and position is important in determining the general shape of the face, and augmentation genioplasty is performed alone or in combination with other aesthetic procedures. However, augmentation genioplasty using osteotomy is an invasive and complex procedure with the potential to damage mentalis muscle and mental nerve, to affect chin growth, and prolonged recovery. Our aim was to present our experience with a modified augmentation genioplasty procedure for hypoplastic chins using a Gore-Tex implant. Methods: Two vertical slit incisions were made at the canine level to create a supra-periosteal pocket between the incisions, preserving the periosteum and mentalis muscle. Minimal sub-periosteal dissection was performed lateral to the incisions along the mandibular border. The both wings of implant were inserted under the periosteum to achieve a stable dual plane implantation. Results: In total, 47 patients underwent dual plane chin augmentation using a Gore- Tex implant between January 2008 and May 2013. The mean age at operation was 25.77 years (range, 15-55 years). There were 3 cases of infection; one patient was treated with antibiotics, the others underwent implant removal. Additionally, two patients complained of postoperative parasthesia that spontaneously improved without any additional treatment. Most patients were satisfied with the postoperative outcomes, and no chin growth problems were observed among the younger patients. Conclusion: Dual plane Gore-Tex chin augmentation is a minimally-invasive operation that is simple and safe. All implants yielded satisfactory results with no significant complications such as mental nerve injury, lower lip incompetence, or chin growth limitation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2003

A 34-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to fever and cough. He received the combination anti-cancer chemotherapy for testicular tumor, including bleomycin. The chest X-ray showed consolidation and ground glass opacity on the right upper lobe and subpleural areas of other lobes. This condition was initially misdiagnosed as a pneuomonia, but consolidation did not disappear after antibiotics treatment. We performed transbronchial lung biopsy and bleomycin induced pulmonary toxicity was confirmed. The bleomycin induced lung injury is the most common chemotherapeutically induced pulmonary disease. Bleomycin induced Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia(BOOP) is less common than interstitial pneumonitis and responds well to corticosteroid treatment.