• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1156-1162
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• 2018

To investigate the anti-thrombotic activities of the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner), various hot-water extracts were prepared from the leaf, pod of seed (PS), seed, embryo of seed (ES), root, and the node of root (NR) of the lotus. The highest extraction ratio was found in the NR (20.3%), followed by the seed, root, leaf, ES, and PS. These extracts had pH and acidity levels ranging from 5.6~6.5 and 0.06~0.20%, respectively. The seed extract showed 70% brix, whereas the leaf and PS extracts showed less than 0.1% brix. The highest contents of total polyphenol (179.7 mg/g), total flavonoids (161.4 mg/g), and reducing sugar (161.4 mg/g) were observed in the leaf extract, and the highest total sugar content (873.0 mg/g) in the seed extract. Anti-coagulation assay of the extracts of NR, leaf, and PS showed strong activities. In particular, at a concentration of 5 mg/ml, the PS extract had 15-fold extended thrombin, prothrombin, and activated partial thromboplastin times. However, only the ES extract showed activities inhibitory to platelet aggregation, with treatment with 0.25 mg/ml of ES extract decreasing platelet aggregation to 25.1%, a reduction comparable to that effected by aspirin. The extracts other than the seed extract showed no hemolysis activities against human RBC at treatments of up to 1 mg/ml. These results suggest that the NR, PS, seed, and ES, all byproducts of the lotus agriculture industry, have high potential as novel sources of anti-thrombotic agent.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.99-116
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• 2009

Purpose: In this study, we investigated anti-thrombotic effects of Gamihyunbooleekyungtang currently used clinical treatment of dysmenorrhea and compared effects by decoction methods. Methods: Gamihyunbooleekyungtang was extracted by pressure extractor (GHYT) and nonpressure extractor(GHYT-1). Inhibitory effect of platelet cohesion, suppression effect of GPIIb/IIIa activity, inhibitory effect of $TXB_2$ and $PEG_2$ biosynthesis, and oxidative damage suppression effect were tested in vitro. Also suppression of pulmonary embolism was studied in vivo. Results: In this study, both GHYT and GHYT-1 extract showed a safety in cytotoxicity of hFCs. Both showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect on platelet coagulation. GHYT-1 extract is usually higher than GHYT, especially for $E_{max}$. GHYT and GHYT-1 extract showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect on GPIIb/IIIa activities. GHYT extract suppressed significantly $TXB_2$ biosynthesis at 1000, $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and also suppressed significantly $PEG_2$ biosynthesis at $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ as compared with the control group. GHYT-1 suppressed significantly $TXB_2$ biosynthesis at $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ as compared with the control group. Also it suppressed pulmonary embolism triggered by collagen and epinephrine by respectively 50%, 75% as compared with the control group. Both GHYT and GHYT-1 extract showed dose-dependent decrease of oxidative damages caused by DPPH, whereas dose-dependent increase of superoxide dismutase like activity was observed. Conclusion: These results suggest that Gamihyunbooleekyungtang can be used for treating dysmenorrhea caused by thrombosis. Nonpressure decoction method is a little more effective, but more detailed studies would be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-151
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the anti-thrombotic efficacy of "Eungapbang-gagam(EGB)" currently used in clinical treatment of PID Methods: We studied inhibitory effect of platelet cohesion, suppressive effect of GPIIb/IIIa activity, inhibitory effect of $TXB_2$ and $PGE_2$ biosynthesis, and oxidative damage suppression effects of "EGB" in vitro. Also, suppression of pulmonary embolism and changes of related factors in dextran coagulation condition model were studied in vivo. Results: In this study, EGB extract showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect on platelet coagulation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen, arachidonic acid. Also it showed dose-dependent inhibition effect on GPIIb/IIIa activities compared to the control group. EGB extract significantly suppressed the decrease of speed of bloodstream caused by blood coagulation in dextran coagulation condition model and increased the number of platelets and amount of fibrinogen, and decreased the APTT in dextran coagulation condition model compared to the control group. EGB extract showed dose-dependent decrease of oxidative damages caused by DPPH and superoxide anion radicals, whereas dose-dependent increase of superoxide dismutase like activity was observed compared to the control group. Conclusion: We confirmed the anti-thrombosis and anti-oxidative efficacy of "Eungapbang-gagam". Various clinical applications of "Eungapbang-gagam" as well as use of data for the construction of EBM is anticipated.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 2004

Objective : Mesangial cell proliferation and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is the common pathologic feature of glomerulosclerosis, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) BB-chain, transforming growth factor betal $(TGF-{\beta}1)$, cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) and CDK inhibitors mediated in these pathophysiological processes. Bupleurum falcatum which is one of the most widely used components in traditional oriental medicines, has multiple pharmacological effects, such as antipyretic, analgesic, immune modulating, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-thrombotic, anti-atherosclerotic, and antitussive effects. Methods : In this study, we evaluated the influence of Bupleurum falcatum on mesangial cell proliferation, DNA synthesis and expression of PDGF-BB chain, $TGF-{\beta}1$, CDKI, CDK2, CDK4, p21 and p27 in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-activated human mesangial cell. Results : Bupleurum falcatum reduced the mesangial cell proliferation and DNA synthesis more than control and captopril. And in the ELISA analysis of $TGF-{\beta}1$, and RT-PCR of PDGF-BB chain, CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, p21, and p27, Bupleurum falcatum inhibited the expression of $TGF-{\beta}1$ protein and PDGF-BB, CDK1, CDK2 gene and promoted that of p21 gene in a dose-dependent manner in comparing with control and captopril. Conclusions: These results suggest that Bupleurum falcatum may inhibit the mesangial cell proliferation and DNA synthesis by regulation of PDGF-BB and $TGF-{\beta}1$ expressions, and by modulation of CDK1, CDK2 and p21 expression.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.524-531
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• 2002

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is characterized by widespread platelet thrombi in arterioles and capillaries. Unusually large or multimeric von Willebrand factor, as well as one or ore platelet-agglutinating factors, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of TTP. But, the actual mechanisms of platelet agglutination have not been satisfactorily explained. Recent studies suggested the 37-kDa platelet-agglutinating protein (PAP) p37 to be partially responsible for the formation of platelet thrombi in patients with TTP. We studied mobility in SDS-PAGE, the sequence of N-terminal amino acid residues, DNA and antigenic characteristics of PAP p37, which might be related to the pathogenesis of TTP. PAP p37 was purified from the plasma of a 31-year-old male Korean patient with acute TTP. The findings are as follows: (1) We compared PAP p37 with thrombin through the use of SDS-PAGE, either with or without $\beta$-mercaptoethanol. PAP p37 did not appear to be cleaved between the A- and B-chains of prethrombin 2. However, thrombin did cleave between those of prethrombin 2, but linked with disulfide bridge. (2) N-terminal 21 amino acid sequence of PAP p37 was T-F-G-S-G-E-A-D-X-G-L-R-P-L-F-E-K-K-S-L-E. It appeared to be identical to that of 285-305 amino acid residues of human prothrombin (prethrombin 2). (3) No prothrombin gene DNA mutation was revealed. (4). The antigenicity of PAP p37 was similar to thrombin, which was a result of the competitive binding against the anti-thrombin antibody. With these results, we conclude that PAP p37 has similar characteristics to prethrombin2.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1494-1504
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• 2004

The present paper reports the effects of Hwaotang an atherosclerosis using a spontaneous experimental model, We have also investigated the pharmacological effect of Hwaotang on collagen- and ADP-induced blood platelet aggregation, thrombin-induced conversion of fibrinogen and fibrinolysis in in vitro experiments, and various effects on stimuli-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils. Hwao-tang was shown to have inhibitory effect on collagen- and ADP-induced blood platelet aggregation, on thrombin-induced conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and on the activity of plasminogen or plasmin. Hwao-tang also significantly inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner, but not that induced by arachidonic acid. Hwao-tang inhibited neutrophil functions, including degranulation, superoxide generation, and leukotriene B4 production, without any effect on 5-lipoxygenase activity. In conclusion, the protection of extracts of Hwao-tang on the ischemic infarction induced artificially might be involved to their inhibition of thrombotic action. The results also indicate that Hwao-tang exerts the effects on superoxide generation related to the inhibition of neutrophil functions.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the effect of DMSO, a highly dipolar organic liquid, in collagen ($5{\mu}g/ml$)-stimulated platelet aggregation. DMSO inhibited platelet aggregation at 0.5% by inhibiting production of thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$) which was associated with blocking cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 activity and $TXA_2$ synthase. In addition, DMSO significantly increased the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). On the other hand, DMSO (0.1~0.5% concentration) did not affect the LDH release which indicates the cytotoxicity. Based on these results, DMSO has anti-platelet effect by regulation of several platelet signaling pathways, therefore we suggest that DMSO could be a novel strategy on many thrombotic disorders.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1993.09a
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• pp.28-29
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• 1993

From in vivo and in vitro experiments using Korean Red Ginseng and its main components. ginsenoside saponins, it was found that ginesenoside may exerts its anti-thrombotic action by decreasing $TXA_2$ formation in platelets and increasing $PGI_2$ formation in vascular walls. This may certainly contribute to prevention and development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis by administration of Korean Red Ginsengs.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

Coronary artery diseases are very important agenda in the insurance medicine. Insurance medicine is defined as using medical knowledge for insurance administration such as underwriting, claims, and customer satisfaction. This review article contains review of coronary artery disease in terms of insurance medicine. Estimation of extra-risks for acute myocardial infarction are MR of 349% and EDR of 41‰. In medical underwriting, individual life applicants can be assessed by Framingham's CHD risk assessment model. In claims, medical claims review is a useful method of consulting for claims staffs. Several diagnostic criteria of acute myocardial infarction are introduced in time. The universal definition of myocardial infarction by ESC/ACCF/WHF was demonstrated the most valuable predictor of 10-year mortality. Contents for State-Of-The-Art of the coronary artery disease are current antithrombotics. There are many novel anti-thrombotic agents such as ticagrelol, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and pegnivacogin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.169-171
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• 2019

Subcutanous hemangiosarcoma is rare malignant condition in dogs. An eleven-year-old neutered male Maltese was presented with multicentric cutaneous hemorrhagic nodules followed by lethargy. The patient showed regenerative anemia and thrombocytopenia with skyrocketing D-dimer, indicating that he had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) on progress. Fine needle aspiration, histopathology, X-ray, and computed tomographic scanning ultimately diagnosed this patient as subcutaneous hemangiosarcoma with disseminated metastasis to the body. Unfortunately, the dog died due to side effects of anti-thrombotic therapy for DIC. This case report described a rare subcutaneous hemangiosarcoma in a Maltese dog.