• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.259-260
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.602-607
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• 1998

Rubber materials are extensively used in various machine design application, mainly for vibration/shock/noise control devices. Over the years an enormous effort has been put into developing procedures to provide properties of rubber material for design function. However, there are still a lot of difficulties in the understanding of dynamic characteristics of the rubber components in compression. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of rubber materials for anti-vibration under compression were investigated. Dynamic and static tests for rubber material with 3 different hardness were performed. In dynamic tests, non-resonance method, impedance method, was used to obtain the complex modulus (storage modulus and loss factor) and the effects of static pre-strain on the dynamic characteristics were investigated. Also, a relation equation between linear dynamic and nonlinear static behavior of rubber material was discussed and its usefulness to predict their combined effects was investigated.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

Stress activates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and subsequently increases the systemic levels of glucocorticoids. It also inhibits the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamus. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) has been proven as an anti-stress agent. However, most of the anti-stress effects of ginseng on stresses such as immobilization, electronic foot shock, and cold swim, which subsequently cause oxidative damage in brain, were obtained by using ginseng extract or ginseng total saponin. Moreover, anti-stress and anti-oxidative effects of ginseng were demonstrated by determination of enzyme or hormone levels but not mRNA as well as transcriptome. Further studies on transcriptome, proteomics, and systems biology as well as signal transduction would be required to elucidate molecular action mechanisms of ginseng on stresses.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2010

Objectives : In this study, we investigated anti-allergic effect of Okbyeongpungsan-Hap-Changijasan (KOB01) in allergic rhinitis(AR) experimental animals and mast cells. Methods : The potential anti-allergic effect of KOB01 was investigated in a rat model of compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic shock and a mouse of ovalbumin(OVA)-induced AR, and human mast cell line, HMC-1 culture. Each animals were divided into four groups: normal, control, KOB01-treated(100 and 200 mg/kg) and anti-histamine drug, dosodium cromoglycate (DSCG)-treated(50 mg/kg). Animals were orally treated with KOB01 and DSCG and intraperitoneally injected with compound 48/80($10\;{\mu}g/kg$) or sensitized with 0.1% OVA. The mortality and serum histamine levels were measured in compound 48/80-induced anaphylatic rats. The histological changes in nasal mucosa were investigated in OVA-induced AR mice. Also, mast cell degranulation was observed in compound 48/80-stimulated HMC-1 cells. Results : KOB01 increased mortality and significantly decreased serum histamine levels in compound 48/80-induced anaphylatic rats. The abnormal histological changes such as expansion of grandular cells and hypertrophy of epithelium in nasal mucosa of OVA-induced AR mice was improved by KOB01 treatment nearby a normal group. Therefore, KOB01 inhibited compound 48/80-induced degranulation in HMC-1 cells. Conclusions : These results indicate that KOB01 decrease allergic response through suppressing the mast cell activation in AR and suggest a potential role for KOB01 as a source of anti-allergic agents for use in allergic disorders including of AR.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.74-86
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• 2017

Objectives : This study aimed to assess the scientific evidence for the use of Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang, a traditional herbal formula, in the treatment of rhinitis, and prepare the basis for the investigational new drug application by analyzing the experimental studies. Methods : Ten electronic databases were searched up to December, 2016 without language limitation. Experimental studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang against rhinitis were included. We extracted data about study design, characteristics of intervention, outcomes, and pharmacological effects from the included studies and summarized them. Results : Eight hundred and thirty-three potentially relevant studies were identified, of which 18 experimental studies met our inclusion criteria. Of 18 included studies, 5 had conducted cell viability test, and all studies had reported that Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang was non-cytotoxic. Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang exhibits anti-inflammatory effect by regulating the inflammation-related cytokines including nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$, interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ in vitro and in vivo. Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang exhibits anti-allergic effect by suppressing eosinophil, and histamine levels. Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang helps in the recovery of nasal mucous membrane by supressing goblet cells, heat shock protein 70, and substance P. Conclusions : This study suggests that Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang has the potential to be developed as therapeutic agent for rhinitis. Further experimental and clinical studies needed to be performed to prove the safety and efficacy.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.675-682
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• 2022

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) was reported to play an anti-inflammatory role, however, previous studies largely focused on the effects of KRG on priming step, the inflammation-preparing step, and the anti-inflammatory effect of KRG on triggering, the inflammation-activating step has been poorly understood. This study demonstrated anti-inflammatory role of KRG in caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome activation in macrophages during triggering of inflammatory responses. Methods: Caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome-activated J774A.1 macrophages were established by priming with Pam3CSK4 and triggering with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell viability and pyroptosis were examined by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Nitric oxide (NO)-inhibitory effect of KRG was assessed using a NO production assay. Expression and proteolytic cleavage of proteins were examined by Western blotting analysis. In vivo anti-inflammatory action of KRG was evaluated with the LPS-injected sepsis model in mice. Results: KRG reduced LPS-stimulated NO production in J774A.1 cells and suppressed pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion in caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome-activated J774A.1 cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that KRG suppressed the direct interaction between LPS and caspase-11 and inhibited proteolytic processing of both caspase-11 and gasdermin D in caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome-activated J774A.1 cells. Furthermore, KRG significantly ameliorated LPS-mediated lethal septic shock in mice. Conclusion: The results demonstrate a novel mechanism of KRG-mediated anti-inflammatory action that operates through targeting the caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome at triggering step of macrophage-mediated inflammatory response.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

모든 알레르기 반응의 중심축이 되는 비만세포는 주로 피부, 위장관 및 호흡기관의 점막에 분포하고 있다. 활성화된 비만세포는 즉각형 알레르기 반응을 일으키는 여러 인자들을 방출시키게 된다. 方藥合編(방약합편)에 따르면 蔘蘇飮(삼소음)은 알레르기 鼻炎(비염), 發熱(발열), 風寒(풍한), 頭痛(두통), 기침에 效能(효능)이 있는 處方(처방)이다. 본 硏究(연구)는 蔘蘇飮(삼소음)의 肥滿細胞(비만세포) 의존성 아나필락시 반응(anaphylactic reaction)에 대한 藥理(약리) 效果(효과)를 조사하기 위한 것이다. 蔘蘇飮(삼소음)은 compound 48/80으로 유발되는 전신성 아나필락시 쇼크(systemic anaphylactic shock)와 耳介(이개) 浮腫(부종) 反應(반응)(ear swelling response)을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 蔘蘇飮(삼소음)을 0.1, 1 mg/ml로 전처리 하였을 때, 흰쥐 복강 肥滿細胞(비만세포)(rat peritoneal mast cells, RPMCs)에서 compound 40/80에 의해 유발되는 히스타민 분비는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 蔘蘇飮(삼소음)은 anti-dinitrophenyl IgE에 의해 활성화 된 수동 피부 아나필락시(passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, PCA)를 농도 의존적으로 抑制(억제)하였다. 결론적으로 蔘蘇飮(삼소음)은 肥滿細胞(비만세포) 의존성 즉각형 알레르기 反應(반응)을 抑制(억제)하여, 항 아나필락시 활성(anti-anaphylactic activity)을 가지는 것으로 보여 진다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2013

We reported that ailanthoidol, a neolignan from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, inhibited inflammatory reactions by macrophages and protected mice from endotoxin shock. We examined the anti-inflammatory activity of six synthetic ailanthoidol derivatives (compounds 1-6). Among them, compound 4, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropenyl)-7-methoxybenzofuran, had the lowest $IC_{50}$ value concerning nitric oxide (NO) release from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Compound 4 suppressed the generation of prostaglandin (PG) $E_2$ and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 induced by LPS, and inhibited the release of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines from RAW264.7 cells. The underlying mechanism of compound 4 on anti-inflammatory action was correlated with the down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and activator protein-1 activation. Compound 4 is potentially an effective functional chemical candidate for the prevention of inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.104-109
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• 2001

With the increase of storage density and data transfer rates in optical disk drive, mechanical issues, mainly noise and vibration, become critical. Rubber materials are extensively used in various machine design application, mainly for vibration/shock/noise control devices. However, there are still a lot of difficulties in the use of designing the rubber components with complex shape and under pre-deformed state. It was demonstrated in that the variation of rubber component stiffness with the pre-deformed state were calculated by the finite element method and the reliability of numerical results were checked by compared with the measuring the deflection values. This paper presents a efficient design method of rubber mounts for anti-vibration of an optical disk thrive. With an empirical equation to estimate elastic modulus from hardness, and dynamic characteristics of rubber material of a cylindrical shape, this method is capable of predicting the dynamic characteristics of rubber components at design stage.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.51-69
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• 1991

This experiment was conducted to study anti-stress effects of Guibiondamtang on several measures of stress, which were number of lever pressing, weight changes, water intake and gastroduodenal ulcer. The following results were observed: 1. There were no significant differences between the control group and the sample group in total number of lever pressing. And no significant differences were observed in the shock duration and the shock length. 2. The median water intake during the stress was 25ml for the sample group and 17ml for the control group and the difference was not statistically significant. 3. The median body weight losess after the psychological stress was given were 28g for the sample group and 35g for the control group and the difference was not statistically significant. 4. The mean frequencies of gastric ulcers induced by the psychological stress were 0.3 for the sample group and 2.3 for the control group and the difference was statistically significant. 5. The mean lengths of gastric ulcers induced by the psychological stress were 0.3mm for the sample group and 2.8mm for the control group and the difference was statistically significant. 6. The mean ratings of gastric ulcers induced by the psychological stress were 0.7 for the sample group and 1.9 for the control group and the difference was stastically significant. Thus it may be concluded that Guibiondamtang has an antistress effect.