• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2018

본 논문은 Lavender, Tea tree, Eucalyptus, Lemongrass 4종의 천연에센셜오일의 Streptpccous mutans 에 의한 치석형성억제 효과에 대하여 연구해 보고자 하였다. Streptpccous mutans 에 의한 치석형성 억제 활성 측정결과인 Lavender 에센셜 오일의 MAC (Minium anti-adhesive concentration, 최소부착저지 농도)가 1.0 % 이고 Tea tree 에센셜 오일, Eucaliptus 에센셜 오일, lemongrass 에센셜 오일의 MAC는 0.5 % 로 나타났다. 에센셜오일의 농도를 달리하여 Streptpccous mutans와 혼합한 배양액을 항온조에서 배양한 후 용액의 pH를 측정하여 최소부착 저지농도 이하에서 산의 생성으로 pH가 낮아진 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 이 결과는 에센셜 오일이 Streptpccous mutans 에 의한 산의 생성을 억제하는 효과가 있다는 것이다. 이러한 결과들로부터 천연에센셜오일 중 특히 Tea tree, Eucalyptus, Lemongrass는 치석생성을 억제하는 천연소재로 구강관리 제품개발에 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2007

아연 화합물은 의학적 효용이 뛰어나서 예전부터 화장품, 의약품 및 치과용 제제 등으로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 특히, 아연의 구강내 생물학적 작용에 대해서는 널리 알려져 있는데, 아연은 구강내 미생물에 다양한 기전으로 영향을 가해서 항균 작용, 항치태 작용, 항우식 작용을 갖게 된다. 또한, 아연은 구취를 유발하는 구강내 혐기성 세균과 구강내 휘발성 황화합물에 영향을 주어서 구취 치료제로서도 널리 애용되고 있다. 이에 저자는 아연의 개괄적인 물성과 독성 및 상용되고 있는 아연 제제들을 요약하여 제시한 후, 구강내 세균과 휘발성 황화합물에 대한 아연의 생물학적 영향에 대하여 항균 효과, 항치태 효과, 항우식 효과 및 구취감소 효과 등으로 나누어 고찰해보았다. 아연은 다른 금속에 비하여 독성이 적고 치아 착색을 거의 유발하지 않으며, 가격 또한 저렴하여 구강내 감염, 치아우식증, 치주질환 및 구취 등의 예방 및 치료제로서 많은 장점을 지니고 있다. 향후 이러한 장점을 바탕으로, 치과 임상에서의 아연제제의 적용은 증가할 것으로 사료되며, 이에 대한 전망은 밝다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2004

A novel glucanhydrolase from Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 has been suggested as a promising anti-plaque agent because it has been shown to have additional amylase activity and mutanase activity besides dextranase activity and to strongly bind to hydroxyapatite. Mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase solution was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were less frequent and less intense in human experimental gingivitis. In this study, Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase mouthrinses (1 and 2 unit/ml) were compared with a control mouthrinse (commercial 0.01% benzethonium chloride mouthrinse, $Caregargle^{(R)}$, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals) in the ability to inhibit plaque formation. A 3-replicate clinical trial using 4-day plaque regrowth model was used. Fifteen volunteers were rendered plaque-free on the 1st day of each study period, ceased toothcleansing, and rinsed 2X daily with allocated mouthrinse thereafter. On day 5, plaque accumulation was scored and the washout periods was 9 days for the next trial. Lipomyces starkeyi KSM22 glucanhydrolase(1 unit and 2 unit)- containing mouthrinse resulted in Significantly lower plaque formation in plaque area and thickness, compared to the control mouthrinse. There was no significant difference in plaque inhibition between enzyme-mouthrinses at 2 different concentrations used. This glucanhydrolase- containing mouthwash resulted in significantly lower plaque area severity index score and tended to have lower plaque thickness severity index score than those of control mouthrinse. But there was no significant difference according to the enzyme concentration. From these results, Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase-containing benzethonium chloride mouthrinse has greater anti-plaque effect than the commercial mouthrinse alone. Therefore this glucanhydrolase preparation is a promising agent for new mouthwash formulation in the near future.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.464-468
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• 1999

In order to find less toxic antiviral agents from basidiomycetes, EA, the water soluble substance, was isolated from the carpophores of Elfvingia applanata (Pers.) Karst. Anti-encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus activity of EA was examined in Vero cells by plaque reduction assay in vitro. And the combined antiviral effects of EA with interferon (IFN) alpha and gamma were examined on the multiplication of EMC virus. EA exhibited a concentration-dependent reduction in the plaque formation of EMC virus with 50% effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) of 2.12 mg/ml. The results of combination assay were evaluated by the combination index (CI) that was analysed by the multiple drug effect analysis. The combination of EA with IFN alpha showed potent synergism with CI values of 0.40~0.60 for 50%, 70% and 90% effective levels, but that with IFN gamma showed antagonism with CI values of 2.16~2.83.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1293-1301
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• 2005

Flavonoids, a group of low molecular weight phenylbenzopyrones, have various pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anticancer, bactericidal, and anti-inflammatory. We carried out anti-herpetic assays on 18 flavonoids in five classes and a virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibitory assay, plaque reduction assay, and yield reduction assay were performed. When flavonoids were applied at various concentrations to Vero cells infected by HSV-1 and 2, most of the f1avonoids showed inhibitory effects on virus-induced CPE. Among the flavonoids, EC, ECG (flavanols), genistein (isoflavone), naringenin (flavanone), and quercetin (flavonol) showed a high level of CPE inhibitory activity. The antiviral activity of flavonoids were also examined by a plaque reduction assay. EC, ECG, galangin, and kaempferol showed a strong antiviral activity, and catechin, EGC, EGCG, naringenin, chrysin, baicalin, fisetin, myricetin, quercetin, and genistein showed moderate inhibitory effects against HSV-1. In these experiments, flavanols and flavonols appeared to be more active than flavones. Furthermore, treatment of Vero cells with ECG and galangin (which previously showed strong antiviral activities) before virus adsorption led to a slight enhancement of inhibition as determined by a yield reduction assay, indicating that an intracellular effect may also be involved.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.430-435
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• 1989

Dextranase와 glucose←oxidase의 향치아우식 인자로서의 효괴와 dentifrice 앙분으로서의 이용 가능성융,경토하였다. W Water-insoluble glucan에 의한 plaque의 형성은 dextranase와 glucose-oxida앤플 사용함으호써 억제할 수 9.]였다. D Dextranase의 경우 낮은 농도에서도 plaque의 형생억저l와 분해에 매우 효과적이였다. Glucose-oxidase의 경우 얄균작용 에 의해 생균수를 줄임으로써 plaque의 형성억제에는 효과적이었으나 분해작용은 미약하였다. Dentifrice의 각 성분에 대한 compatibility test 를 통해 효소의 안쟁화를 위한 Mode] Dentifrice 플 구생하였고. Model Dentifrice 에서의 activity 변 화플 관창한 결과 안정성이 오랫동안 유지될을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.469-473
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• 1999

EA, the water soluble substance, was prepared from the carpophores of Elfvingia applanata (Pers). Karst. Anti-influenza A virus (anti-Flu A) activity of EA was examined of Vero cells by plaque reduction assay in vitro. And the combined antiviral effects fo EA with interferon (IFN) alpha and gamma were examined on the multiplication of Flu A with 50% effective concentration ($EC_50$) of 1.50 mg/ml. The results of combination assay were evaluated by the combination index (CI) that was analysed by the multiple drug effect analysis. The combination of EA with IFN alpha on Flu A showed more potent synergism with CI values of 0.50~0.52 of 50%, 70%, 90% effective levels than that with IFN gamma with CI values of 0.82~0.99.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 1999

To investigate less toxic antiviral agents from Basidiomycetes, EA, the water soluble substance, was isolated from the carpophores of Elfvingia applanata (pers.) Karst. Anti-varicella zoster virus (Oka strain; anti-VZV/Oka) activity of EA was examined in MRC-5 cells by plaque reduction assay in vitro. And the combined antiviral effects of EA with nucleoside anti-VZV agents, acyclovir and vidarabine, were examined on the multiplication of VZV/Oka. EA exhibited a concentration-dependent reduction in the plaque formation of VZV/Oka with a 50% effective concentration $(EC_{50})$ of $464.14\;{\mu}g/ml$. The results of combination assay were evaluated by the combination index (CI) that was calculated by the multiple drug effect analysis. The combination of EA with acyclovir showed more potent synergism with CI values of $0.18{\sim}0.62$ for $50{\sim}90%$ effective levels than that of EA with vidarabine with CI values of $0.67{\sim}1.04$.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.118.1-118.1
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• 1988

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.490-496
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• 2006

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro effects of Rheum undulatum L. root on the development of dental caries, especially its effects on viability, dental plaque formation, and glycolytic acid production of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Methanol extract of Rheum undulatum L. root and its fractions were prepared and tested. Among the test extract and fractions, dichloromethane fraction (DF) showed the most active antibacterial activity (inhibition zone: 13-17 mm) against S. mutans and S. sobrinus in a disc diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of DF against these bacteria ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 mg/mL. Furthermore, DF significantly inhibited the caries-inducing factors of these bacteria. At sub-MIC levels, DF inhibited in vitro dental plaque formation by S. mutans and S. sobrinus ($IC_{50}$= 0.079 and 0.142 mg/mL, respectively), which was caused, in part, by the inhibitory effect on the activity of glucosyltransferases. A significant reduction of glycolytic acid production was found at the concentration as low as 0.032 mg/mL for S. mutans and 0.063 mg/mL for S. sobrinus. The possible bioactive compounds that are inducing in vitro anti-cariogenic activity of DF are unknown. Based on the preliminary phytochemical analysis, the activity of DF may be related to the presence of anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, coumarines, sterols/terpenes, and phenolics. These results indicate that DF is probably useful for the control of dental plaque formation and subsequent dental caries development.