• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.786-794
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• 2018

누에(Bombyx mori)번데기는 창상치료용 드레싱, 간보호활성, 항유전독성, 포도당농도 조절, 항암활성 등에 다양하게 적용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 붉은동충하초(Cordyceps militaris)를 이용하여 발효시킨 누에번데기분말의 에탄올 추출물(Ethanol extract of silkworm pupae fermented with Cordyceps militaris, ESfC)의 항비만효능을 분석하기 위하여, SD랫드로부터 분리된 일차지방세포(Primary adipocytes)에서 농도별로 ESfC를 처리하여 free glycerol release, cAMP농도를 측정하였고, 고지방사료(High fat diet, HFD)가 처리된 C57BL/6N 비만마우스에 ESfC를 투여하여 지방조직과 간조직에서 지방축적(Fat accumulation)을 관찰하였다. 먼저, 지방감소효과를 나타내는 지표물질로서 cordycepin의 존재는 HPLC분석을 통하여 ESfC에서 확인하였다. 또한, free glycerol수준과 cAMP농도는 고농도 ESfC가 처리된 일차지방 세포에서 유의적으로 증가하였지만 이들 수준은 저농도와 중농도의 ESfC로처리세포에서는 유의적인 변화가 없었다. HFD-유도 비만모델에서, 고지방사료의 투여에 의해 유의적으로 증가된 지방무게와 지방세포의 크기는 ESfC처리그룹에서 감소되었다. 간 무게와 지방방울(Lipid droplet)의 수는 고지방사료의 투여에 의해 증가하였지만 ESfC투여에 의해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 또한, 유사한 회복효과는 perilipin과 HSL의 인산화 수준뿐만 아니라 ATGL의 발현수준에서도 관찰되었다. 따라서 이상의 결과는 ESfC가 지방일차세포에서 지방분해를 촉진하고, HFS유도 비만모델에서 지방 축적을 억제하는 효과를 나타냄을 보여주고 있으며, 향후 비만환자에 처리하기 위한 약물로서 사용가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2020

Objectives: Obesity is becoming more popular disease worldwide. Because of the side effects of conventional obesity treatment modality, herbal medicine treatment is becoming more preferred. Gambihwan which including Ephedra sinica Staph is widely used in traditional Korean Medicine practice for obesity treatment. Garcinia cambogia is a kind of health functional food that has body fat reducing effect. Nowadays, ephedra and Garcinia cambogia are often used simultaneously in clinical practice of Korean Medicine. However, the effectiveness and safety of combination therapy in obesity treatment is not well established. Methods: We conducted retrospective observational study to explore effectiveness and safety of combination therapy. We evaluated effect of combined treatment of Gambihwan and Garcinia cambogia on body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and waist hip ratio reduction. We also assessed safety via liver function test and adverse event. Results: Finally, 23 patients were included. In paired t-test, body weight significantly decreased from 64.50±14.50 kg to 62.94±13.85 kg (P<0.001) and body mass index were also significantly decreased from 24.43±3.79 kg/㎡ to 23.83±3.59 kg/㎡ (P<0.001). Body fat mass was also reduced. Aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase were not significantly increased. There were no drug-induced liver injury and no severe adverse event. Conclusions: In our retrospective review, we found combination therapy of Gambihwan and Garcinia cambogia reduce body weight, body mass index and body fat mass. There were no severe adverse event and drug induced liver injury which indicated safety of combination therapy in obesity treatment.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2020

Objectives: This study is a practice based research conducted to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a 5-day short-term diet program ('Oil-rescue' program) designed to reduce the adverse events and initial dropout rate in obesity treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 4 Korean medicine clinic patient data who completed 'Oil-rescue' program which is consisting of Gambi-hwan, Bium-hwan, Butgiban-hwan and Jayoon Kyungokgo. The weight change before and after participating 'Oil-rescue' program was primary outcome of our study. Changes in body mass index, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, body water content, lean body mass, protein, and minerals were also measured. Results: A total of 35 patients who satisfied the eligible criteria were finally included. The body weight decreased from 69.45±11.86 kg to 67.43±11.58 kg, a total of 2.02±1.03 kg (P<0.001). Body fat mass decreased from 25.77±7.45 kg to 24.98±7.26 kg, a total of 0.78±1.21 kg (P<0.001). Body mass index decreased from 26.39±3.64 kg/㎡ to 25.64±3.49 kg/㎡, a total of 0.75±0.41 kg/㎡. (P<0.001). A total of 15 patients had side effects such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and insomnia, but all were mild. 16 out of 35 people switched to long-term obesity treatment programs. Conclusions: Through this retrospective practice based research, it was found that the 'Oil-rescue' program effectively reduced body weight, body fat, and body mass index, and the other obesity related parameters. It was a relatively safe and effective short-term obesity treatment program.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

This study was performed to develop new anti-obesity agents for functional foods from medicinal plants and herbs. Methanol extracts from 560 kinds of medicinal plants and herbs, and their lipase inhibitory activities were investigated. Methanol extract from Desmodium oxyphyllum Dc showed the highest lipase inhibitory activity at 74.2%. This lipase inhibitory activity was maximally extracted when powder of Desmodium oxyphyllum Dc was treated with 80% methanol (1 : 20) for 48 h.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2016

Salicornia herbacea L. (S. herbacea) is an annual herbaceous plant of Chenopodiaceae. It grows in groups on the coast or mud flat of Korea is known to be rich in minerals. S. herbacea has potent anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-obesity, bowel function improvement. However, pharmacological mechanisms of S. herbacea extract (SHE) remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential acute toxicity of SHE in ICR mice administered a single oral dose of 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg by gavage. After administration of the extract, signs of toxicity were observed every day for 14 days. No mortality, abnormal clinical signs, body weight, organ weight or pathological changes were observed compared to a control group, and there were no differences in the body weights of the control and treatment groups. Biological serum activities and histological tests were not significantly changed in the treatment group compared to the control group. Especially, treatment of SHE was significantly decreased of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These results indicated that a single oral administration of SHE does not exerts any toxic effects at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg and that the $LD_{50}$ of SHE is greater than 2,000 mg/kg. Accordingly, SHE appears to have potential in various functional agents of foods, without toxicity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

$5HT_{2C}$ receptor among fourteen 5-HT subtypes plays important roles in several disorders such as depression, anxiety, epilepsy, schizophrenia and sleep disorders. The purpose of the study is to investigate pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of a newly synthesized selective agonist of $5-HT_{2C}$ receptor, KOPC-20010 (KP10) in rats after intravenous and oral administration for the development of therapeutic anti-obesity agents. KP10 was administered orally (40 mg/kg) or intravenously (20 mg/kg), blood was collected via a catheter, and analyzed by GC/MSD. The calibration curve of KP10 in plasma and urine showed high linearity ($r^2$ >0.999). The retention times of KP10 in plasma and urine were 8.7 and 9.7 min, respectively. After oral administration of 40 mg/kg, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated as follows; $C_{max}$ value was $1242.9{\pm}1195.5$ ng/mL at $1.1{\pm}0.6$ hr ($T_{max}$). $AUC_{0->24hr}$ and $AUC_{0>{\infty}}$ were $8034.2{\pm}960.7$ and $10464.1{\pm}681.5\;ng{\cdot}hr/mL$, respectively. The terminal half-life was $21.9{\pm}7.6$ hr. $AUC_{0->24hr}$ and $AUC_{0>{\infty}}$ were $4292.4{\pm}523.0$ and $6111.2{\pm}756.2\;ng{\cdot}hr/mL$, respectively, after 20 mg/kg of intravenous administration. The terminal half-life after intravenous administration was $25.1{\pm}9.4$ hr. Bioavailability of KP10 was determined to 86%. The excretion amount into the urine within 48 hr was approximately 4.7 to 6.7% of the dose administered. These data may be beneficial to the anti-obesity drug development of KP10.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2006

효과적인 항비만효과를 가진 식품소재 개발을 위해 155종의 생약추출물에 대해 pancreatic lipasae에 대한 억제효과를 탐색하였다. 탐색 결과, 정향, 대복피, 백자인, 계피, 강황, 향유, 감초, 오배자 그리고 복분자의 메탄올 추출물들이 $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 췌장지방분해효소에 대한 억제효과를 나타내었다. 특히, 상기의 추출물에 대해 추가적인 클로로포름 추출과정을 통해 얻은 분획에 있어 대복피와 계피의 경우, 현재 비만치료제로 시판되고 있는 orlistat와 비교하여 pancreatic lipase에 대해 80%와 89% 정도로 유사한 억제효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 생약추출물이 비만을 예방하는데 있어 효과적인 지방분해효소억제제로서 개발될 수 있음을 증명하는 것이다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.620-624
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• 2016

본 연구에서 국내 자생식물 추출물중 비만관련 특허가 없는 식물원료를 대상으로 지방세포의 분화억제 효과를 Wnt/β-catenin 신호전달계 활성측정방법으로 탐색하여 비만치료를 위한 기능성소재 응용가능성을 검토하였다. HEK 293-TOP세포의 luciferase 리포터 상대적인 활성은 무 처리 대조군에 비하여 지유(전초), 측백나무(줄기)가 각각 152%, 130%로 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 피마자(전초)는 약 90%대의 활성을, 해당화(줄기), 괴화(전초)의 경우는 약 80%, 초피나무(줄기), 칡(줄기), 까마중(전초)은 약 70%대의 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 또한, 신경줄기 세포에 대한 어떠한 독성도 보이지 않음으로써 안전한 물질인 것으로 사료되었다. 이 결과는 Wnt/β-catenin 신호전달 활성 측정방법이 향후 High throughput screening 기반기술로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 지방세포 분화 억제활성 후보로 선별된 식물추출물들에 대한 추가적인 실험을 통하여 항비만 소재 개발 응용 가능성을 타진할 것이다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

Objectives We evaluated the improving effects of Taeksa-tang (TST) using 3T3-L1 cells and C57BL/6 mice were fed on a high-fat diet. Methods The anti-radical activities of TST were studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). The content of total polyphenol was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, whereas aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for the content of total flavonoid. Moreover, the factors related to lipid profile and the protein expressions such as 𝛽-oxidation and anti-oxidant enzyme were analyzed using serum and western blotting of 3T3-L1 cells. Additionally, we examined lipolysis through glycerol appearance in mouse adipose tissue. Results TST treatment showed strong free radical scavenging activities with half maximal inhibitory concentration and the presence of a amount of total polyphenol and total flavonoid. TST treatment significantly increased factors related to 𝛽-oxidation such as carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 and uncoupling protein 2 via the phosphorlyation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, the protein expressions of anti-oxidant enzyme and lipolysis were significantly elevated by TST administration. In addition, TST supplementation lowered serum malondialdehyde, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels compared with the control group. Taken together, these data suggest that TST treatment regulated lipid parameters via the increase of 𝛽-oxidation by LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway. Conclusions TST may have a potential remedy in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Therefore, this study may provide the scientific basis for TST use.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2009

Background: Chronic low grade inflammation is closely linked to type II diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Macrophages play a key role in the regulation of pro- or anti-inflammatory actions at the lesion sites of disease. Components of cordyceps militaris, cordycepin and adenosine, have been used for the modulation of inflammatory diseases. The effects of cordycepin in the modulation of macrophages have yet to be be elucidated. We investigated the effects of cordycepin and adenosine on the morphological changes of macrophages under the inflammatory condition of LPS and an anti-inflammatory condition involving high concentrations of adenosine. Methods: We confirmed the mRNA levels of the M1/M2 cytokine genes through RT-PCR and morphological change. Results: LPS-activated macrophages returned to their inactivated original shape, i.e., they looked like naive macrophages, through the treatment with high concentrations of cordycepin ($40{\mu}g/ml$). LPS and adenosine activated macrophages also returned to their original inactivated shapes after cordycepin treatment; however, at relatively higher levels of cordycepin than adenosine. This change did not occur with relatively low concentrations of cordycepin. Adenosine down-regulated the gene expression of M1 cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$) and chemokines (CX3CR1, RANTES), such as cordycepin. Additionally, M2 cytokines (IL-10, IL-1ra, TGF-${\beta}$) were up-regulated by both cordycepin and adenosine. Conclusion: Based on these observations, both cordycepin and adenosine regulated the phenotypic switch on macrophages and suggested that cordycepin and adenosine may potentially be used as immunomodulatory agents in the treatment of inflammatory disease.