• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.217-222
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• 2004

This study was conducted to estimate if the level of several chemical ingredients including alkanolamines or ethanolamines (EA) examined in the specific synthetic metalworking fluid (MWF) ‘A’ can cause anti-microbial activity and health effect. Three water-based MWF products (‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’) were studied every week for two months. Chemical ingredients such as formaldehyde, boron, EA, and copper were examined. In the sump where MWF ‘A’ was used, not only the total level of EA, monoethanolamine(MEA), diethanolamine(DEA) and triethanolamine(TEA), but also boron level were significantly higher than those of the other MWFs. ANOVA statistical tests indicated that levels of pH, alkalinity, boron, MEA, DEA and TEA in MWF ‘A’ were significantly higher than those in other MWF types. Correlation tests also found that levels of pH, alkalinity, boron, MEA, DEA and TEA in MWF ‘A’ are significantly correlated. We suggested the assumptions that excessive concentrations of EA, and borate at a high pH level, may cause anti-microbial resistance synergically. To demonstrate this assumption, additional study is needed to examine the relationship between the levels of microbes and excessive concentrations of EA, and borate at a high pH level.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.52-55
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• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate if the level of several chemical ingredients including alkanolamines or ethanolamines (EA) examined in the specific synthetic metalworking fluid (MWF) "A" can cause anti-microbial activity and health effect. Three water-based MWF products ("A", "B", and "C") were studied every week for two months (from June 1, 2002 to July 30, 2002). Chemical ingredients such as formaldehyde, boron, EA, and copper were examined. In the sump where MWF "A" was used, not only the total level of EA, monoethanolamine(MEA), diethanolamine(DEA) and triethanolamine(TEA), but also boron level were significantly higher than those of the other MWFs. ANOVA statistical tests indicated that levels of pH, alkalinity, boron, MEA, DEA and TEA in MWF "A" were significantly higher than those in other MWF types. Correlation tests also found that levels of pH, alkalinity, boron, MEA, DEA and TEA in MWF "A" are significantly correlated. We suggested the assumptions that excessive concentrations of EA, and borate at a high pH level, may cause anti-microbial resistance synergically. To demonstrate this assumption, additional study is needed to examine the relationship between the levels of microbes and excessive concentrations of EA, and borate at a high pH level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.213-216
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• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate if the level of several chemical ingredients including alkanolamines or ethanolamines (EA) examined in the specific synthetic metalworking fluid (MWF) “A” can cause anti-microbial activity and health effect. Three water-based MWF products (“A”, “B”, and “C”) were studied every week for two months (from June 1, 2002 to July 30, 2002). Chemical ingredients such as formaldehyde, boron, EA, and copper were examined. In the sump where MWF “A” was used, not only the total level of EA, monoethanolamine(MEA), diethanolamine(DEA) and triethanolamine(TEA), but also boron level were significantly higher than those of the other MWFs. ANOVA statistical tests indicated that levels of pH, alkalinity, boron, MEA, DEA and TEA in MWF A were significantly higher than those in other MWF types. Correlation tests also found that levels of pH, alkalinity, boron, MEA, DEA and TEA in MWF “A” are significantly correlated. We suggested the assumptions that excessive concentrations of EA, and borate at a high pH level, may cause anti-microbial resistance synergically, To demonstrate this assumption, additional study is needed to examine the relationship between the levels of microbes and excessive concentrations of EA, and borate at a high pH level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2018

This study examined the quality characteristics and anti-oral microbial activity of bamboo leaf jelly prepared with different 5 levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) of bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis) leaf extract. The sugar contents of bamboo leaf jelly were increased significantly by increasing the level of bamboo leaf extract. The luminance and Hunter's a values of the jelly samples increased with increasing bamboo leaf extract, but the 40% bamboo leaf jelly had the lowest Hunter's b values. The hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness increased significantly with increasing bamboo leaf extract. Among the mechanical properties, only the flavor of the jelly with 30 and 40% bamboo leaf extract were increased significantly. The extract of bamboo leaves had strong antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. sobriuns, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia at a concentration of 40%. These results suggest that bamboo leaf extract can be useful in the production of high quality jelly.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the effect of medicinal herb extract on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Helicobacter pylori, which is known as a ulcerogenic pathogen. The concentration of total phenolic compound of Scutellaria baicalensis(13.14%) was highest among water extracts and that of Ulmus parvifolia(15.12%) was highest among the ethanol extracts. The antioxidant activity of the water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and of the ethanol extract of Ulmus parvifolia were 91.00% and 65.03%, respectively, in DPPH assay. The antioxidant activity of the water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and of the ethanol extract of Ulmus parvifolia were 32.90% and 27.70%, respectively, in SOD assay. The antioxidant activity of the water extract of Ulmus parvifolia and of the ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer was 2.15 and 2.17, respectively, in TBARS assay. In disc method, Scutellaria baicalensis showed the highest anti-microbial activity against H. pylori, followed by Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer among the water extracts and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer showed the highest anti-microbial activity followed by Radix puerariae among ethanol extract.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 2006

Herbal mixture water extract of (Chrysanthemum morifolium, Portulaca oleracea, Sanguisorba officinalis, Sophora flavescens, Phellodendron amurense, Cnidium monnieri) which exhibit several beneficial effects including acne and skin diseases, was tested for anti-microbial activity and anti-inflammation effects. The herbal mixture extract showed antimicrobial activity against Stapylococcus epidermis, and Propionibacterium acne. The growth of Stapylococcus epidermis, and Propionibacterium acne was inhibited completely by addition of 1.0% of the extract. Also in the present study we examined the mixture extract on compound 48/80 induced allergy and LPS induced cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophage. The results indicated the ear swelling and histamine release induced by compound 48/80 were dose-dependently reduced, ranging 28-60%, and 48-72% , respectively. Furthermore the extract inhibited the expression of LPS-induced COX-2 proteins and mRNAs without an appreciable cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells. The LPS-induced cytokine gene expression including IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-6 were dose-dependently suppressed by the mixture extract. Based on these results, it is concluded that the herbal mixture water extract can be applied to the acne and skin diseases therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.516-529
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• 2018

This study investigated the dyeing properties and bio-functions of cotton fabrics dyed with naturally fermented Ecklonia cava extract in order to compare it with a comparison of unfermented extract. Hot water-extracted Ecklonia cava was fermented naturally under the various conditions of a fermenting period (2-8 days) and amount of molasses (0.1-1.8% v/v); in addition, it was also tested for characterization by FT-IR, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, and anti-microbial activity. For dyed cotton fabrics, color strength (K/S), physical color properties, dyeing fastness, sun protective property, and anti-microbial activity were evaluated considering dyeing conditions. As a result, the fermented dye under fermentation condition of 0.1% v/v with molasses during 4 days was revealed as having a similar chemical structure to the unfermented one and showed a total polyphenol content with 32.88mg/g and better antioxidant activity than the unfermented one. As for dyed fabrics, the color strength value by K/S was the highest under the condition of 0.1% v/v of molasses during 4 days among all fermenting conditions. The dyed fabrics had a reasonably good fastness (except for light). Anti-microbial activity against K. pneumoniae was better for the fermented extract-dyed fabric especially with lower dye concentrations.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.131-134
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• 2006

The in vitro anti-fungal activity of hydroxylated fatty acids obtained from microbial conversion by Psuedomonas aeruginosa PR3 using ricinoleic acid(RA), eicosadienoic acid(EDA) and conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) as substrates, was investigated. Bioconverted hydroxylated fatty acids showed different anti-fungal activities potentials against the range of phytopathogenic fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotonia sclerotiorum, Colletotricum capsici, Fusarium solani and Phytophthora capsici. RA and EDA showed up to 50% fungal mycelial inhibition at the concentration of $5{\mu}l\;ml^{-1}$. RA, EDA and CLA also exhibited anti-fungal activities with minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC), ranging from 500 to $1000{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$. Screening was also carried out using varied concentrations of bioconverted RA and EDA for determining the anti-fungal effect on the spore germination of different fungi. Bioconverted RA and EDA showed a considerable degree of spore germination inhibition.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2018

This study aimed to evaluate seaweed polysaccharide extracts as a cosmetic material. To assess anti-microbial efficacy, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was treated with seaweed polysaccharide extracts and zones of inhibition were measured. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect was confirmed in RAW 264.7cells, and seaweed polysaccharide extracts was applied to the dorsal skin of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to evaluate single-dose toxicity. As a results, seaweed polysaccharide extracts did not exhibit cytotoxicity at concentrations up to $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ in skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, when S. aureus was treated with 1% seaweed polysaccharide extracts, clear zones of $1.52{\pm}0.34cm$ formed, confirming sufficient anti-microbial activity. When RAW 264.7 cells were treated with seaweed polysaccharide extracts extract, nitric oxide (NO) production decreased in a concentration-dependent manner and the production of inflammation-related cytokines, such as interleukin 1 beta ($IL1{\beta}$), tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF{\alpha}$), and prostaglandin E2(PGE2), decreased. When seaweed polysaccharide extracts extract was applied at various concentrations to rats, symptoms did not change for more than 14 d, and there was no change in body or organ weights. In conclusion we found that seaweed polysaccharide extracts is not cytotoxic and has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, it is suitable for use as a cosmetic material.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2011

This study was conducted to confirm the application as ingredients of cosmetics through an examination of the function for anti-cancer and anti-microbial of the fraction isolated from Pyrus ussuriensis leaves. The dried leaf of P. ussuriensis were extracted with acetone-$H_{2}O$ (6:4, v/v), concentrated and fractionated with the upper layer of acetone on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was freeze dried, then a portion of acetone soluble powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol as eluents and also used the MIC-gel using a series of aqueous methanol as developing solvent. The isolated compounds were identified by silica-gel TLC. The growth inhibition activity was measured using the MTT assay by the mouse meltioma (B16F10) cell. The cancer cell growth inhibition rate of fractions isolated from P. ussuriensis leaf was 80%. In anti-microbial activity test, the fraction of P. ussuriensis with 0.25 mg/disc resulted in the clear zone of 1.3 cm and 2 cm for Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis of gram positive bacillus, respectively. In Escherichia coli of gram negative bacillus, the fraction with 0.5 mg/disc resulted in the clear zone of 1.1 cm~1.5 cm each fraction. From these results, we confirmed that acetate fraction of P. ussuriensis has a great potential as a natural ingredients with a anti-cancer and anti-microbial source.