• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2018

Objective : Kurarinone is one of the flavonoids isolated from Sophorae Radix with various biological activities including anti-microbial effect. In this study, we investigated the effects of Kurarinone on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress finally leading to apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Methods : To determine the effects on cell viability, the cells were exposed to tBHP ($100{\mu}mol/l$) after pretreatment with kurarinone (0.5 and $1{\mu}g/ml$). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. To reveal the possible mechanism of cytoprotectivity of kurarinone, levels of reactive oxygen species, intracellular glutathione, mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression of caspase were examined. Results : tBHP-induced cell death was due to oxidative stress and the resulting apoptosis. Kurarinone dose-dependently protected cells from apoptosis when determined by MTT and TUNEL assay. Consistent with this observation, decreased expression of pro-caspase 3/9 protein by tBHP was restored by kurarinone. Kurarinone also showed anti-oxidative effects by inhibiting generation of ROS and depletion of GSH in tBHP-stimulated HepG2 cells. In addition, kurarinone significantly recovered disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as a start sign of hepatic apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Conclusion : From these results, it was concluded that kurarinone protected tBHP-induced hepatotoxicity with anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities. Our results suggest that kurarinone might be beneficial to hepatic disorders caused by oxidative stress.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2023

Background: Some studies confirm the reduction of the number of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and dental plaque by Lactobacillus, however, these effects are not always confirmed in in vitro and clinical studies, and only the risk of dental caries has been reported. Our in vitro study aimed to reveal microbial and biochemical changes in the single cultures of S. mutans, Lactobacillus casei and Aggregatibactor actinomycetemcomitans and co-cultures of S. mutans and L. casei or A. actinomycetemcomitans according to sucrose concentration. We also aimed to confirm the anti-oral bacterial and anti-biofilm activities of L. casei and A. actinomycetemcomitans against S. mutans according to sucrose concentration. Methods: S. mutans (KCCM 40105), L. casei (KCCM 12452), and A. actinomycetemcomitans (KCTC 2581) diluted to 5×10⁶ CFU/ml were single cultured, and L. casei or A. actinomycetemcomitans applied at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% to S. mutans were co-cultured with selective medium containing 0%, 1% and 5% sucrose at 36.5℃ for 24 hours. Measurements of bacterial growth value and acid production, disk diffusion and biofilm formation assays were performed. Results: In the medium containing sucrose, the bacterial growth and biofilm formation by S. mutans, L. casei, and A. actinomycetemcomitans were increased. In contrast, 30% and 40% of L. casei in the medium containing 0% sucrose showed both anti-oral bacterial and anti-biofilm activities. This implies that L. casei can be used as probiotic therapy to reduce S. mutans in a 0% sucrose environment. Conclusion: The concentration of sucrose in the oral environment is important for the control of pathogenic bacteria that cause dental caries and periodontitis. To apply probiotic therapy using L. casei for S. mutans reduction, the concentration of sucrose must be considered.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2010

반추동물의 급성 산독증의 예방 및 치료제 개발 연구의 일환으로 100종의 네팔 식물추출물을 이용하여 미생물 유래의 $\alpha$-amylase 및 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해 활성을 평가하였다. 그결과 Cedrus deodara(Roxb.) G. Don와 Myrica nagi Thunb.추출물에서 acarbose보다 강력한 $\alpha$-amylase 저해활성을 확인하였으며, 각각의 $IC_{50}$는 44.5, 47.5 및 $50.5\;{\mu}g/mL$로 확인되었다. 또한 고혈당 치료 효과가 보고된 Cleistocalyx operculatus(Roxb.) 추출물에서는 강력한 $\alpha$-amylase 저해활성 및 양호한 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해 활성을 확인하였다. 최종 선정된 3종의 추출물은 1 mg/mL 농도까지 인간적혈구에 대한 용혈활성이 없었으며, $80^{\circ}C$, 또는 0.01N HCl 조건에서 60분간 처리시에 활성의 변화가 나타나지 않았으며, 특히 C. operculatus(Roxb.)와 M. nagi Thunb의 경우 산 처리시에 오히려 20% 정도의 저해활성의 증가가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는, 최종 선정된 3종의 추출물이 미생물 유래의 전분분해 효소의 저해를 통해 반추동물의 급성 산독증 예방 및 치료에 이용 가능함을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the in vitro anti-biofilm activities of plant extracts of chives (Allium tuberosum), garlic (Allium sativum), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) against environment harmful bacteria (gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and, gram-negative Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7). In the paper disc assay, garlic extracts exhibited the highest anti-biofilm activity. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of all plant extracts was generally higher for gram-negative bacteria than it was for gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria were more resistant to plant extracts. The tetrazolium dye (XTT) assay revealed that, each plant extract exhibited a different anti-biofilm activity at the MIC value depending on the pathogen involved. Among the plant extracts tested, garlic extracts (fresh juice and powder) effectively reduced the metabolic activity of the cells of food-poisoning bacteria in biofilms. These anti-biofilm activities were consistent with the results obtained through light microscopic observation. Though the garlic extract reduced biofilm formation for all pathogens tested, to elucidate whether this reduction was due to antimicrobial effects or anti-biofilm effects, we counted the colony forming units of pathogens in the presence of the garlic extract and a control antimicrobial drug. The garlic extract inhibited the E. coli O157:H7 biofilm effectively compared to the control antimicrobial drug ciprofloxacin; however, it did not inhibit S. aureus biofilm significantly compared to ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, garlic extracts could be used as natural food preservatives to prevent the growth of foodborne pathogens and elongater the shelf life of processed foods.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2006

In the present studγ, we investigated the component analγsis, measurements of antioxidant activities and anti-microbial activities from fruit of Acanthopanax senticosus HARMS in order to detect the biological activities and develop novel functional resources. Different solvents extraction ratios were different according to different solvent extraction of Acanthopanax senticosus HARMS. Composition analysis we highly composed as 72.33%. The minerals of different organs were highly composed of potasium as 5951.3 mg/100g. The monosaccharldes are composed of the arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose. Antioxidamt activity was measured in water extracts: $57.3\;{mu}/ml$, ethanol extracts $630.1\;{\mu}g/ml$, methanol extracts: $248.5\;{\mu}g/ml$, 71% ethanol extracts: $198.97\;{\mu}g/ml$, 75% methanol exracts: $96.77\;{\mu}g/ml$, chloroform extracts. $1194.83\;{\mu}g/ml$ at $IC_{50}$ value. The antimicrobial activities were observed in extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus HARMS against am negative bacteria and gram positive bacteria.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2011

${\beta}$-sitosterol glucoside exists in a variety of plants and have anti-tumor, anti-microbial, and immunomodulatory activities. Mast cells and eosinophils play important roles in a variety of inflammatory diseases, specifically asthma and atopic dermatitis. In the present study, we used lactose-${\beta}$-sitosterol (L-BS) and investigated the effect of L-BS on inflammatory responses of the human mast cell line, HMC-1 and the human eosinophilic leukemia cell line, EoL-1. In HMC-1 cells, L-BS significantly inhibited cell migration in response to stem cell factor without cytotoxicity. However, the mRNA expression of CC chemokine receptors (CCRs), including CCR1-5, were not altered after L-BS treatment in HMC-1 cells. LPS-induced IL-4 production was also suppressed by L-BS in a dose-dependent manner. In EoL-1 cells, the concentration ranging from 0.1 ${\mu}M$ to 10 ${\mu}M$ of L-BS had no cytotoxicity and had no effect on mRNA expression of major protein-mediators derived from activated eosinophils. However, 100 ${\mu}M$ of L-BS induced the apoptosis of EoL-1 cells in a time-dependent manner. This finding indicates the possibility of L-BS as a potential therapeutic molecule in inflammatory diseases and may contribute to the need to improve current therapeutic drugs.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2000

High molecular weight water-insoluble chitosan alone has been previously shown to exhibit in vitro stimulatory effect on macrophages nitric oxide (NO) production. However, high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (WSC) had no effect on NO production by itself. When WSC was used in combination with recombinant $interferon-{\gamma}\;(Rifn-{\gamma})$, there was a marked cooperative induction of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal effect of WSC on NO synthesis was shown at 24 h after treatment with $rIFN-{\gamma}$. The increased production of NO from $rIFN-{\gamma}$ plus WSC-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was decreased by the treatment with $N^G$ $monomethyl-_L-arginine$. The increase in NO synthesis was reflected, as an increased amounts of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein. Synergy between $rIFN-{\gamma}$ and WSC was mainly dependent on WSC-induced nuclear $factor-_KB$ activation. The present results indicate that WSC may provide various activities such as anti-microbial, anti-tumoral, and anti-viral. In addition, since NO has emerged as an important intracellular and intercellular regulatory molecule having functions as diverse as vasodilation, neural communication, cell growth regulation and host defense, it is tempting to hypothesize that this WSC is involved in the local control of the various fundamental processes such as cardiagra, cardiac infarction, impotence etc.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2015

호흡기계 질환에 효과적이라고 알려져 있는 식물성분들을 이용하여 기능성 음료를 개발하고자, 혼합물 실험계획법을 통해 혼합 최적 비율을 찾기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 즉, 머위 30~70%, 수세미 10~30% 및 어성초 10~30%의 비율로 혼합하여 중앙점 반복을 포함하여 총 12개의 실험점을 설계하였고, 이 설계를 바탕으로 혼합물은 121℃에서 45분간 중탕 추출을 하여 anti-allergy activity 및 anti-microbial activity를 측정하였다. anti-allergy activity 효과는 Response surface와 trace plot을 보면 머위의 함량이 많을수록 좋은 효과를 나타내었고 수세미는 다소약한 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 다중회귀분석 결과 상관계수 R²=82.10%이며 유의적인 회귀식으로 설명이 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 최적비율은 머위 0.75, 수세미 0.14 그리고 어성초 0.11의 비율로 결정되었다. anti-microbial activity는 혼합비율에 따른 각 추출물들이 그람양성균인 Staphylococcus aureus (KCCM 40881), Staphylococcus epidermidis (KCCM 35494)에 대해서는 유효하나 그람음성균인 Escherichia coli (KCCM 11234), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KCCM 11328)에 대해서는 미미하거나 효과가 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2010

복합처방인 승마갈근탕을 이용하여 화장품 및 식품에 응용하고자 항산화 및 항균효과를 검토하였다. 승마갈근탕의 전자공여능은 모든 추출물 100 ppm에서 50% 이상의 효과를 나타내었고, 특히 초임계 추출물의 경우 500 ppm에서 88%로 가장 높은 효과를 나타내었다. SOD 유사활성은 승마갈근탕 1,000 ppm에서 50% 이하의 다소 낮은 경향을 보였으나, 그 중 에탄올과 초임계 추출물의 경우 각각 46, 45의 효능을 나타내었으며, xanthine oxidase 저해활성의 경우 초임계 추출물 1,000 ppm에서 76%로 대조군인 vitamin C의 39%보다 높은 효과를 나타내었다. 승마갈근탕의 지방산패 억제능을 측정하기 위해 산화촉진제인 $Fe^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ 이온을 첨가하여 측정한 결과 초임계 추출물의 $Cu^{2+}$ 첨가 시 500 ppm에서 68%의 효과를 나타내었고, $Fe^{2+}$를 첨가 시 100 ppm에서 60%의 지방산패 억제능을 나타내었다. 승마갈근탕의 clear zone 형성을 관찰한 결과, 추출물 모두 Escherichia coli를 제외한 모든 균주에 대해서 항균 효과가 나타내었다. Staphylococcus aureus와 Propionibacterium acnes의 경우 4 mg/disc에서 초임계 추출물에서는 1.45, 2.10 cm로 가장 높은 항균 효과를 나타내었고, Staphylococcus epidermidis의 경우, 에탄올 추출물이 1.82 cm의 항균효과를 나타내었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

Objectives : Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antibacterial Activities of Naesohwangryntang and its composition oriental medicines. Methods : We were experimented anti-oxidation effect and growth inhibition ability on cancer cells and antibacterial activity on various kinds of bacteria of skin. Results : The results were obtained as follows : Electron donating ability(EDA) of water extract Naesohwangryntang and ethanol extract Naesohwangryntang was 60% and 70% at 1000 ppm concentration. In the test of SOD-like activity, ethanol extract showed more activity with 27.4% in 700 ppm, while water extract was low in 19.6%. Clear zones formed by sample against the human skin-resident microflora indicated that anti-microbial activity of ethanol extract Naesohwangryntang was higher than that of water extract Naesohwangryntang. The growth inhibition rates of each sample on lung-cancer(A549), at 1000 ppm cancer cell was over 40%. The growth inhibition rate of the each sample melanoma-cancer(B16F10, G361), at 1000 ppm was over 80%. Conclusions : The results indicated that, ethanol extract which is superior in its anti-oxidation and antibacterial effect is useful to be applied in cosmetic industry.