• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.608-617
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• 2020

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a key virulence determinant in the infection process of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). Pathogen constructs a type III apparatus to translocate effector proteins into host cells, which have various roles in pathogenesis. 4-Hydroxybenozic acid and vanillic acid were identified from root extract of Sedum middendorffianum to have inhibitory effect on promoter activity of hrpA gene encoding the structural protein of the T3SS apparatus. The phenolic acids at 2.5 mM significantly suppressed the expression of hopP1, hrpA, and hrpL in the hrp/hrc gene cluster without growth retardation of Pst DC3000. Auto-agglutination of Pst DC3000 cells, which is induced by T3SS, was impaired by the treatment of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid. Additionally, 2.5 mM of each two phenolic acids attenuated disease symptoms including chlorosis surrounding bacterial specks on tomato leaves. Our results suggest that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid are potential anti-virulence agents suppressing T3SS of Pst DC3000 for the control of bacterial diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 2011

Background & Objective : Sophorae Radix has been known as an useful plant with anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity. Therefore, Sophorae Radix is expected to mitigate and prevent acne by inhibiting the activity of the sebaceous glands and acne bacterium. To evaluate anti-inflammation effect of Sophorae Radix, we applied Sophorae Radix-skin lotion on the patients with acne. Methods : The Sophorae Radix-skin lotion was prepared by dissolving 1% ethanol extract of Sophorae Radix in skin lotion vehicle and treated 2 times everyday for 4 weeks on faces. Follow-up was performed with Janus facial analysis system. Results : Sophorae Radix-skin lotion reduced sebum and porphyrin. However, the Sophorae Radix-skin lotion didn't significantly reduced sebum and porphyrin compared with skin lotion vehicle control group. Conclusion : These results showed that the Sophorae Radix-skin lotion could be used as a pharmaceutical material with anti-inflammatory effects by reducing sebum and porphyrin in acne patient with further clinical research.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of rose hip utilization on various diseases. Rose hips are produced on a shrub native to Europe, and have been used for medicinal purposes and nutritional supplementation for centuries. It is rich in minerals, vitamins, and various functional compounds, including calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, vitamin B, vitamin C, and vitamin E, quercetin, catechin, β-carotene, β-sitosterol, polyphenol, flavonoid, taxifolin, ellagic acid, and salicylic acid. Extracts and powders of rose hips have been reported to contain antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activity, and exert beneficial effects including amelioration of osteoarthritis, body fat reduction, anti-obesity activity, anti-bacterial activity, antidiabetic properties, and anti-cancer activity. Therefore, rose hips as a functional natural food may be considered effective for use in treating diseases including obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2001

In many parts of the world Allium cepa, Allium roseum, Trigonella foenum graecum and Curcuma domestica are extensively used as food and are popular in herbal medicine. The four were screened against 26 pathogens and all exhibited broad-spectrum anti-bacterial activity. The aqueous as well as fractionated methanol extract of Allium cepa and A. roseum demonstrated broader level of activity against most of the organisms. On the other hand the unfractionated methanol extracts as well as the fractions of both Trigonella foenum graecum and Curcuma domestica showed broad spectrum of activity. Fractionation was found to improve their level of activity. In both cases the ethyl acetate fractions exhibited higher level of activity. All the materials tested were inactive against any of the four moulds. Allium cepa, Allium roseum, Trigonella foenum graecum and Curcuma domestica are proposed as non toxic, safe, broad spectrum antibacterial agents.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.1 s.94
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• pp.21-29
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• 2007

Paeonia lactiflora was stepwise extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Anti-microbial activity of each extract was investigated. Methanol extract of P. lactiflora revealed anti-microbial activity against S. mutans, C. albicans, and S. aureus. Also, hexane fraction revealed anti-bacterial activity against S. mutans and ethyl acetate fraction acted as potent anti-microbial agent on C. albicans and S. aureus. The relative growth ratio(RGR) of hexane fraction of P. lactiflora against S. mutans were determined as 77.8% in concentration of 0.125 mg/ml, 98.46% in 0.25 mg/ml and 100% in 0.5 mg/ml. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. lactiflora revealed RGR against C. albicans as 52.5% in concentration of 0.125 mg/ml, 60.83% in 0.25 mg/ml and 78.33% in 0.5 mg/ml. It indicate that increasing concentration increase RGR. The measured minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of hexane fraction on S. mutans KCTC 5316 strain was 0.5 mg/ml and MIC of ethyl acetate fraction on C. albicans KCTC 7270 was 2.0 mg/ml. The experiment of inhibition to growth of KB roll(oral squamous cell carcinoma) result 61.9% in butanol, 76.7% in hexane extract of P. lactiflora. The hexane extract exhibit potent inhibition effect to the growth of KB cell. These results suggest that the hexane extract of Paeonia lactiflora has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and has preventive effect to dental caries in addition to potent inhibition to KB cell growth.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.2 s.57
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• pp.99-103
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• 2006

Natural essential oils showed anti-microbial activity on relatively broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal species. These materials had much more intensive anti-microbial activities than synthetic preservatives on C. albicans, A niger, and P. acnes, especially. In the experimental group, anti-microbial activity was order of tea tree oil (from Melaleuca alternifolia) > methylparaben > phytoncide (from Chamaecyparis obtusa). Also, natural essential oils had anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. These results suggest that natural essential oils can be useful as good cosmetic ingredients such as natural preservatives and anti-oxidants.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2014

New in vitro anti-diabetes makgeolli was produced from rice by adding various quantities of Laminaria japonica, and the fermentation characteristics of the L. japonica makgeolli during the fermentation process were investigated. The contents of alcohol and reducing sugar, and viable count of yeast, of L. japonica makgeolli were not significantly changed when the proportion of L. japonica was increased. The total acid content decreased with an increase in L. japonica concentration; the pH and total bacterial cell count increased in proportion with the increase in L. japonica concentration. The L. japonica makgeolli contents of free sugars, such as fructose, glucose, and sucrose, and of organic acids, such as acetic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, and lactic acid, were altered during fermentation and showed various patterns. The effects of the quantity of L. japonica added on the acceptability and anti-diabetes activities of L. japonica makgeolli were also investigated. In a sensory evaluation, L. japonica makgeolli brewed by adding 2.5 or 5% L. japonica to the mash showed the best overall acceptability; the 12.5% L. japonica sample was least favored due to its seaweed flavor. L. japonica addition did not increase the peroxynitrite-scavenging activity of makgeolli. L. japonica makgeolli showed potent anti-diabetes activity, particularly that containing >7.5% L. japonica. Therefore, L. japonica makgeolli may represent a new functional makgeolli with anti-diabetes properties.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 2016

We evaluated the activity of methanolic extracts of Melaleuca cajuputi flowers against the filarial worm Brugia pahangi and its bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia. Anti-Wolbachia activity was measured in worms and in Aedes albopictus Aa23 cells by PCR, electron microscopy, and other biological assays. In particular, microfilarial release, worm motility, and viability were determined. M. cajuputi flower extracts were found to significantly reduce Wolbachia endosymbionts in Aa23 cells, Wolbachia surface protein, and microfilarial release, as well as the viability and motility of adult worms. Anti-Wolbachia activity was further confirmed by observation of degraded and phagocytized Wolbachia in worms treated with the flower extracts. The data provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that M. cajuputi flower extracts inhibit Wolbachia, an activity that may be exploited as an alternative strategy to treat human lymphatic filariasis.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.717-724
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• 2023

we are investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Safflower and Mother wort Ethanol Complex Extracts(SEC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The results demonstrated that pretreatment of SEC(500㎍/mL) significantly reduced NO production by suppressing iNOS protein expression in LPS-stimulated cells. Anti-inflammatory effects by Safflower and Mother wort Ethanol Complex Extracts were observed in the following. Safflower and Mother wort Ethanol Complex Extracts inhibited the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus via the suppression of IκB-α phosphorylation and also inhibited LPS-stimulated NF-κB transcriptional activity. These findings suggest that Safflower and Mother wort Ethanol Complex Extracts exert anti-inflammatory actions and help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic values of Safflower and Mother wort Ethanol Complex Extracts. Therefore, Safflower and Mother wort Ethanol Complex Extracts could be regarded as a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 1998

6-Substituted derivatives of 1-［(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl］-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) were synthesized by introducing alkyl groups with the aid of chlorotrimethylsilane, and then purified ranging 40 to 81 % of yield. Because of their peculiar structures, we presumed that HEPT derivatives would contain extra biological activities other than their already known anti-human immunodeficiency viral (HIV -1) activities. In this study, we investigated the possible effects of the HEPT derivatives on bacterial growth and found their selective antibiotic activities against gram-positive strains. We could not observe the corresponding activity from a disc-zone test, but confirmed the activity by liquid cultivation. Since the growth rate of cells was easily recovered, the antibiotic function was suggested to be bacteriostatic. We also suggested that the intracellular fate of HEPT derivatives would be fast. A HEPT derivative f-3 was shown to synergize unidirectionally toward chloramphenicol (Chr). With 0.1 mM f-3, the Chr-directed growth-inhibitory curve appeared 4 hours earlier than found without the additive. Interestingly, from the data of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), we found that a membrane-bound protein having a molecular weight of 70-kDa was overexpressed by f-3 in S. aureus.