• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2007

This paper proposes a novel active frequency drift (AFD) method to improve the islanding detection performance with minimum current harmonics. To detect the islanding phenomenon of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters concerning the safety hazards and possible damage to other electric equipment, anti-islanding methods have been described. The AFD method that uses chopping fraction (cf) enables the islanding detection to drift up (or down) the frequency of the voltage during the islanding situation. However, the performance of the conventional AFD method is inefficient and causes difficulty in designing the appropriate cf value to meet the limit of harmonics. In this paper, the periodic chopping fraction based on a novel AFD method is proposed. This proposed method shows the analytical design value of cf to meet the test procedure of IEEE Std. 929-2000 with power quality and islanding detection time. To verify the validation of the proposed method, the islanding test results are presented. It is confirmed that the proposed method has not only less harmonic distortion but also better performance of islanding detection compared with the conventional AFD method.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.299-301
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• 2009

In this paper, a novel anti-islanding method of DC-AC single phase inverter is proposed. The inverter injects a little harmonic current with the output current of a PCS(Power Conditioning System). When the islanding condition is occurred, the voltage harmonic components appear on the output voltage of the PCS due to the injection of a little harmonic current. So, the PCS detects the voltage harmonic components using the Goertzel algorithm, and then the PCS decides that the islanding condition is occurred. When the PCS recognizes the islanding condition, the PCS are stopped. The proposed a novel anti-islanding method is analyzed, and its validity is proven through simulation.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.360-368
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• 2011

This paper proposes an active frequency with a positive feedback in the d-q frame anti-islanding method suitable for a robust phase-locked loop (PLL) algorithm using the FFT concept. In general, PLL algorithms for grid-connected PV PCS use d-q transformation and controllers to make zero an imaginary part of the transformed voltage vector. In a real grid system, the grid voltage is not ideal. It may be unbalanced, noisy and have many harmonics. For these reasons, the d-q transformed components do not have a pure DC component. The controller tuning of a PLL algorithm is difficult. The proposed PLL algorithm using the FFT concept can use the strong noise cancelation characteristics of a FFT algorithm without a PI controller. Therefore, the proposed PLL algorithm has no gain-tuning of a PI controller, and it is hardly influenced by voltage drops, phase step changes and harmonics. Islanding prediction is a necessary feature of inverter-based photovoltaic (PV) systems in order to meet the stringent standard requirements for interconnection with an electrical grid. Both passive and active anti-islanding methods exist. Typically, active methods modify a given parameter, which also affects the shape and quality of the grid injected current. In this paper, the active anti-islanding algorithm for a grid-connected PV PCS uses positive feedback control in the d-q frame. The proposed PLL and anti-islanding algorithm are implemented for a 250kW PV PCS. This system has four DC/DC converters each with a 25kW power rating. This is only one-third of the total system power. The experimental results show that the proposed PLL, anti-islanding method and topology demonstrate good performance in a 250kW PV PCS.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.36-38
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 여러 대의 인버터를 동시에 사용하는 분산전원 환경하에서 Anti-islanding을 효과적으로 할 수 있는 방안을 제안한다. 제안하는 Anti-islanding기법은 SMS(Sliding Mode Frequency Shift)를 근간으로 하면서 공진 Q가 높을 때 검출이 어려운 단점을 해결하는 방법을 제시한다. SMS위상의 변동 값을 판단근거를 사용하지 않고 SMS위상의 적분 값을 판단근거로 사용한다. Run on시간이 0.5초 이내로 국내외 규격을 모두 만족시킨다. 여러 대의 인버터를 병렬로 접속해도 islanding 검출이 탁월하다. 출력전력의 품질 면에 있어서도 다른 Anti-islanding기법에 비해 우수하다. 본 알고리즘의 우수성을 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통해 검증하였다.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2005년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.520-522
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• 2005

Islanding phenomenon is undesirable because it lead to a safety hazard to utility service personnel and may cause damage to power generation and power supply facilities as a result of unsynchronized reclosure. In order to prevent this phenomenon, various anti-islanding methods have been studied. Even though the slip mode frequency shift (SMS) method has been regarded as a highly effective anti-islanding method, the analytical design method of that was not cleared. This paper proposes a modeling of the SMS method using non-detection zone (NDZ) and evaluation of the method according to the test conditions of IEEE Std. 929-2000. The SMS method is derived analytically through the modeling and verified visually by simulation and experiment.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1699-1701
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• 2005

Islanding phenomenon is undesirable because it lead to a safety hazard to utility service personnel and may cause damage to power generation and rower supply facilities as a result of unsynchronized reclosure. In order to prevent this phenomenon, various anti-islanding methods have been studied. Even though the slip mode frequency shift(SMS) method has been regarded as a highly effective anti-islanding method, the analytical design method of that was not cleared. This paper proposes a modeling of the SMS method using non-detection tone(NDZ) and evaluation of the method according to the test conditions of IEEE Std. 929-2000. The SMS method is derived analytically through modeling and verified visually by simulation and experiment.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2012

The utility-interactive inverter with critical loads should supply continuous and stable voltage to critical loads even during the grid fault. The conventional control method which performs current control for grid-connected mode and voltage control for stand-alone mode undergoes the critical load voltage variation during grid fault. The critical load voltage may have large transient when the inverter performs mode transfer after the islanding detection. Recently, the indirect current control method which does not have the transient state during not only islanding detection but also the mode transfer has been proposed. However, since the voltage control is maintained even during the grid-connected mode it is difficult to detect the islanding. This paper proposes an active anti-islanding method suitable for the indirect current control method which does not have NDZ(Non-Detection Zone).

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.568-576
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• 2004

본 논문은 신$.$재생에너지를 이용한 분산전원시스템을 위한 새로운 단독운전 방지기법을 제시한다. 유효전력과 무효전력 불균형의 개념에 근거해서 3가지 다른 단독운전 조건이 분석된다. 단독운전 전압이 유효전력의 함수이고 그 주파수는 유효전력과 무효전력의 함수임이 분석을 통해 보여준다. 이 분석결과를 이용해서 새로운 단독운전 방지기법이 개발되었다. 제안된 보호 알고리즘은 분산전원에 의해 공급되는 무효전력을 계속적으로 $\pm$5% 변화시키면서 동시에 계통전압과 주파수를 관측한다. 만일 단독운전에 의해 측정할 정도의 주파수 이탈이 발생하면 더 나아가 분산전원의 유효전력을 80%로 감소시킨다. 이 검출기법은 공진부하에서도 빠르게 동작됨을 보여준다. 가능한 단독 운전조건이 모의되고 분석 증명된다. 0.5 kW 연계형 연료전지 시스템의 실험결과가 제시된다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2008

In this paper, we present an active anti-islanding method with a load monitoring system using reactive power control. The proposed method, which is based on reactive power control, has fewer harmonics components than those in conventional methods, and it can minimize the reactive power component of the grid because it compensates the reactive power component with the load monitoring. The proposed quick islanding detection method was confirmed from the experimental results with an inverter for a 3kW photovoltaic system.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

As many grid-connected photovoltaic power conditioning systems (PVPCS)are installed in many residential areas simultaneously, these have raised potential problems of network protection on electrical power system. One of the numerous problems is an Islanding phenomenon. In this paper, active frequency drift (AFD) method, one of the anti-islanding methods which is analyzed by current magnitude compensation and calculation of the fundamental component. Both harmonic component and RMS value of the output current for THD analysis are provided and verified by simulation.