• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2010

This study was to estimate the effect of herbal medicines on periodontal disease. To screen effective materials for periodontal disease, we performed a series of test for 15 herbal medicine extracts. MIC test for P. gingivalis, IL-$1{\alpha}$ inhibition test, MMP-1 inhibition test and SOD activation test were carried out for herbal medicine extracts, respectively. The results are as followings : 1) Eunhang, Youkdoogu, Daewhang, Hoobak, Goojulcho, Yongacho, Mokhyang, Sesin, Sancho and Hoehyang extracts were effective for reduce P. gingivalis, 2) Eunhang, Jacyak, Youkdoogu, Hagocho, Hoobak, Guaru and Sanyak extracts showed high IL-$1{\alpha}$ inhibition rates, 3) Eunhang and Youkdoogu extracts have effects on MMP-1 inhibition, 4) Eunhang, Sanyak and Youkdoogu extracts effectively activate SOD. Especially, Eunhang extract has high performance through all estimations and can effectively prevent and treat periodontal disease.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2014

Asian sand dust is known to promote various respiratory symptoms or disorders. For the prevention of harmful health effects by Asian sand dust, the best strategy is known to avoid or reduce exposure to the Asian sand dust. Several studies have shown that Korean red ginseng (RG) has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. The study aimed to clarify the effect of Korean red ginseng intake on lung inflammation responses to artificial sand dust (ASD) similar to Asian sand dust. BALB/c mice were divided into five groups (n=12) of control (saline), ovalbumin (OVA), OVA with ASD, OVA plus RG with ASD, and OVA plus dexamethasone (DEXA) with ASD. Histopathologic evaluation of lung was conducted. Interleukin (IL)-5, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$, IL-13, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and eotaxin within bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were measured by ELISA. OVA+ASD group significantly increased concentrations of IL-5, IL-13, MCP-1, and eotaxin (P<0.01) compared to the control. OVA+ASD+RG group showed significant decreased levels of IL-2, IL-13, MCP-1 and eotaxin (P<0.01) compared with OVA+ASD. Between RG and DEXA treatment groups, there was no significant difference in all cytokines and chemokines. The inflammatory cells were significantly decreased in treatment groups with RG or DEXA compared to OVA+ASD group. This study suggests a beneficial effect of Korean RG administration in preventing inflammation of lung resulting from Asian sand dust.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.552-560
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• 2021

This study investigated anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of Sedum takesimense ethanolic extract, and 3 isolated compounds. To confirm anti-inflammatory and anti-acne activities, a nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assay, pro-inflammatory factor (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8) inhibition assays, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests were performed. The 3 isolated compounds were identified as 4,6-di-O-galloylarbutin (OGA), 2,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-glucose (OGG), and 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-glucose (TOGG). The ethanolic extract and isolated compounds (OGA, OGG, TOGG) effectively inhibited production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8). Furthermore, OGG and TOGG exhibited MIC values toward Cutibacterium acnes of 12.5 ㎍/mL and 3.2 ㎍/mL, respectively. These results suggest that S. takesimense extract exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and an antibacterial efficacy against C. acnes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2008

Codonopsis lanceolata has long been used as a seasonal food and as a traditional tonic medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties. The present study investigated the in vitro effect of Codonopsis lanceolata extracts on immune function in mice. After preparing a single cell suspension splenocyte proliferation was determined by the MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide) assay. The cytokines IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ were not secreted by macrophages stimulated with or without LPS as determined by an ELISA cytokine kit assay. After a 48-hr incubation with the mitogens ConA or LPS there was an increase in splenocytes proliferation and in the production of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ in the suspensions supplemented with 50, 100, 250, 500 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. The results suggest Codonopsis lanceolata water extract may enhance immune function by regulating splenocyte proliferation and stimulating cytokine production.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to test the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of BPH, which is composed of Pini Densiflorae Nodi Lignum and Querci Acutissimae Fructus, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix. Method : Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of BPH on Propionibacterium acnes, one of anaerobic bacteria species were evaluated by measuring the levels of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) elimination and lipid peroxidation. Result : When BPH was applied to CCD-986sk (Human normal fibroblast) to confirm the level of cytokine(tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8), its level increased in proportion to that of BPH's concentration, which indicated dose-dependent relationship. Using the Disk diffusion to measure the bacterial growth inhibition zone varying BPH concentration, it was found that the antibacterial effect of BPH was less than that of erythromycin, the control group, but was higher than that of saline, and it increased with higher concentrations. In a liquid culture medium containing BPH, the growth rate of Propionibacterium acnes was decreased by more than 10% at 25% BPH. After adding P. acnes to THP-1 monocyte, and treated it with BPH, and measuring the concentration of TNF-a and IL-8, it was observed that the amount of TNF-alpha and IL-8 significantly decreased depending on the level of BPH concentration. The ability to eliminate DPPH increased with higher BPH concentration. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was increased by BHT treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : Using Propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic bacteria, we confirmed that BPH has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1308-1316
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• 2008

Propionibacterium acnes is known to playa pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. CBT-SL5 is one of the antimicrobial peptides from Enterococcus faecalis SL5, and it has shown antimicrobial activity against P. acnes. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of CBT-SL5 on the inflammation induced by P. acnes in cultured human keratinocyes. Cultured human keratinocytes derived from neonatal foreskin were treated with heat-killed P. acnes to induce inflammation, and then various concentrations of CBT-SL5 were added to the P. acnes-treated keratinocytes. The mRNA expression and protein secretion of interleukin (IL)-8, an inflammation marker, was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. We also analyzed the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-$\kappaB$) p65 translocation by performing immunofluorescent staining. P. acnes treatment up regulated the IL-8 mRNA expression in the keratinocytes, and this was brought about through both toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4. At the concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 ng/ml, CBT-SL5 significantly down regulated the P. acnes-induced IL-8 mRNA expression and protein production (p<0.05). At 6 hand 12 h of the treatment, CBT-SL5 significantly suppressed the P. acnes-induced IL-8 mRNA expression. Secretion of IL-8 protein was significantly reduced at 24 h. The functional inhibitory activity of CBT-SL5 was shown by CBT-SL5 suppressing the P. acnes-induced NF-$\kappaB$ translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. These results demonstrated that CBT-SL5 suppressed the P. acnes-induced IL-8 expression in keratinocytes. Therefore, CBT-SL5 may be a novel anti-inflammatory treatment for acne.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3173-3181
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• 2015

Background: It has been hypothesized that IL-18 (pro-) and IL-10 (anti-) inflammatory genetic variants at -607 C/A-137G/C and -819C/T,-592C/A, respectively, may generate susceptibility and severity risk with various modes of tobacco exposure in prostate carcinoma (PCa) patients. IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed on various cells including prostate gland elements, and is a key mediator of immune responses with anti-cancerous properties. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that is associated with tumour malignancy which causes immune escape. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted with 540 subjects, comprising 269 prostate carcinoma patients and 271 controls. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP and confirmed by real time PCR probe-based methods. Results: The findings indicated that the mutant heterozygous and homozygous genotype CC and GC+CC showed significant negative associations (p=0.01, OR=0.21; 95% CI: 0.08-0.51 and p=0.011, OR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.22-0.81, respectively) thus, less chance to be diagnosed as cancer against GG genotype of tobacco smoking patients. In addition, a heterozygous GC genotype at the same locus of IL-18 pro-inflammatory cytokine may aggravate the severity (OR=2.82; 95%CI 1.09-7.29 :p=001) so that patients are more likely to be diagnosed in advanced stage than with the GG wild homozygous genotype. Our results also illustrated that anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) genetic variants, although showing no significant association with susceptibility to cancer of the prostate, may gave profound effects on severity of the disease, as -819 TC (OR=4.60; 95%CI 1.35-15.73), and -592 AC (OR=5.04; 95%CI 1.08-25.43) of IL-10 in tobacco chewers and combined users (both chewers and smokers) respectively, are associated with diagnosis in more advanced stage than with other variants. Conclusions: We conclude that promoter genetic variants of IL-18 and IL-10 with various modes of tobacco exposure may affect not only susceptibility risk but also severity in prostate cancer.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: Electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP were included in the study. Full-mouth plaque and gingival indices, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were assessed. The GCF was collected, and its volume and levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 were assessed. These parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after SRP. The sample size was estimated, and comparisons between groups were performed. P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Thirty-six electronic cigarette users (47.7±5.8 years old) and 35 non-smokers (46.5±3.4 years old) with CP were included. At baseline, there were no differences in plaque index (PI), PD, CAL, MBL, and GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 between electronic cigarette users and nonsmokers. At the 3-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in PI, gingival index (GI), PD, CAL, and MBL in electronic cigarette users compared to baseline, while there were significant reductions in PI, GI, and PD among non-smokers. At the 3-month follow-up, GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly elevated in both groups (P<0.05) compared to baseline. The increases in GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly higher in non-smokers (P<0.05) than in electronic cigarette users at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: Levels of GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 increased after SRP in electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP; however, the anti-inflammatory effect of SRP was more profound in non-smokers than in electronic cigarette users.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2022

Esculetin (also known as 6, 7-dihydroxycoumarin) a type of coumarin, has been exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects. Biorenovation is the microbe-mediated enhancement of biological efficacies and structurally diversified compounds relative to their substrate compounds. The production of different kinds of esculetin derivatives using Bacillus sp. JD3-7 and their effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered inflammatory response in RAW 26.7 cells were assessed. One of the biorenovation products, identified as esculetin 6-O-phosphate (ESP), at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 μM inhibited the LPS-stimulated production of inflammation markers of nitric oxide synthase 2 and cyclooxygenase 2 as well as their respective enzymatic reaction products of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in the order of increasing concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5 μM). Additionally, ESP treatment suppressed the LPS-stimulated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor- α. Furthermore, these anti-inflammatory effect of ESP was associated with the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, that is, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. This study would therefore provide interesting insights into the biorenovation-assisted generation of a novel anti-inflammatory compound. ESP may be used to develop treatments for inflammatory disorders.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.5-13
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• 2015

Objectives : The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of water extracts of Sasangja-tang(SSJ) and Gami-sasangja-tang(GSJ) were investigated. The effects of SSJ and GSJ were compared. Methods : We performed cell viability assay in HaCaT cells and RAW 264.7 cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. We measured chemokines(regulated on activation normal T-cell expression and secreted ; RANTES/CCL5, interferon-inducible protein; IP-10/CXCL10, macrophage-derived chemokine; MDC/CCL22) in HaCat cells, also we measured cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$; TNF-${\alpha}$, interleukin-6; IL-6) and nitric oxide(NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and NO assay. Western blot assay was used to evaluate the expression for inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in RAW 264.7 cells. Results : SSJ and GSJ did not affect the cell viability at the concentrations treated ($0-800{\mu}g/ml$). As a result of SSJ and GSJ treatment in HaCat cells stimulated by TNF-${\alpha}$(10 ng/ml) and interferon(IFN)-${\gamma}$(10 ng/ml), the production of RANTES and IP-10 was inhibited significantly. However there was no significant difference in the secretion of MDC. And in RAW 264. 7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS, $1{\mu}g/ml$), SSJ and GSJ treatment significantly inhibited the secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 and the production of NO. The expression of iNOS was also decresed by SSJ and GSJ treatment in RAW 264. 7 cells. Compared with SSJ, GSJ was superior to SSJ in inhibition of RANTES, IP-10, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and NO production at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$. Conclusion : Both SSJ and GSJ have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. And GSJ has better effects than SSJ.