• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.165-173
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Coptidis Rhizoma has been known traditional medicine with antimicrobial activities. We investigated inhibitory effects of Coptidis Rhizoma extract on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced nitric oxide production from mouse macrophages. Methods : After Coptidis Rhizoma extract was pretreated in BV2, mouse brain macrophages and RAW264.7 mouse macrophages, cells were activated with LPS. To investigate cytotoxicity Coptidis Rhizoma extract, cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The production of nitric oxide(NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) was determined in each culture supernatant and mRNA by Griess reaction and RT-PCR. The production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ from cells was measured by ELISA. Results : Coptidis Rhizoma extract significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production in BV2 and RAW264.7 cells. Coptidis Rhizoma extract also greatly suppressed mRNA expression of iNOS in BV2 and RAW264.7 cells activated by LPS. Conclusion : These data suggests that Coptidis Rhizoma extract may have an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of NO production.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Increasing evidence has linked chronic inflammation to a number of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease(AD), Parkinson's disease(PD) and Huntington's disease(HD) in the inflammatory process. Uncontrolled activation of microglia may directly toxic to neurons by releasing various substances such as inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6), NO, PEG2 and superoxide. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of the herbal extract Panax notoginseng on cultured BV2 microglial cells and primary microglia were investigated to address potential therapeutic or toxic effects. Notoginseng radix extracts extracted from the root of the plant using Methanol. Methods : Cells were stimulated with LPS and treated with notoginseng at different concentrations. Results : Notoginseng significantly decreased LPS-induced production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 by the cultured microglial cells in a dose-dependent manner. The activation of iNOS mRNA and secretion of nitric oxide(NO) in microglial cells were inhibited in microglial cells in a dose-dependent manner by notoginseng. Conclusion : These results indicate that notoginseng inhibits LPS-induced activation of microglial cells and demonstrates notoginseng possess anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties in vitro.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2009

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by focal loss of cartilage due to an up-regulation of inflammatory pathways, which produce pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1(IL-1), tumour necrosis factor alpha($TNF-\alpha$), prostaglantin, and nitric oxide(NO). We investigated the anti-arthritic effects of water extracts from Pellodendri cortex and Atractylodis rhizoma in vitro and in vivo. Each extract suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators(NO, $IL-1\beta$, $TNF-\alpha$, and prostaglandin $E_2$) and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. These suppressive effects were synergistically increased by their combination. The same results were also observed in the rat osteoblast sarcoma cell line ROS17/2.8 stimulated with $IL-1\beta$, $IFN-\gamma,$ and $TNF-\alpha$. Moreover, the combination of these water extracts significantly suppressed collagen-induced mouse arthritis. These results suggest that the combination of water-extractable components of Pellodendri cortex and Atractylodis rhizoma may be useful for therapeutic drugs against rheumatoid arthritis, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.263-268
• /
• 2008

Codonopsis lanceolata has long been used as a seasonal food and as a traditional tonic medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties. The present study investigated the in vitro effect of Codonopsis lanceolata extracts on immune function in mice. After preparing a single cell suspension splenocyte proliferation was determined by the MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide) assay. The cytokines IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ were not secreted by macrophages stimulated with or without LPS as determined by an ELISA cytokine kit assay. After a 48-hr incubation with the mitogens ConA or LPS there was an increase in splenocytes proliferation and in the production of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ in the suspensions supplemented with 50, 100, 250, 500 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. The results suggest Codonopsis lanceolata water extract may enhance immune function by regulating splenocyte proliferation and stimulating cytokine production.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 2002

The inhibitory effects of ethanol extract of Radex Angelica uchiyamana, on LPS- or IFN- plus LPS-induced production of NO, and $TNF-{\alpha}$, and expression of iNOS and COX-2 were investigated in the activated RAW 264.7 cells. This extract significantly inhibited the production of NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$, and suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that ethanol extract of Radex Angelica uchiyamana may explain some known biological activities including anti-inflammatory effect, and is of considerable benefit in the treatment for NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction related immunological diseases.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2016

This study examined the effects of trifoliate orange extract (TOE) on inflammatory reactions at the time of an LPS shock by performing experiments on rats injected with trifoliate orange extract and in Raw 264.7 cell cultures, with the aim of developing a new anti-inflammatory medicine. The IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations were lower in all of the groups treated with TOE than in the control group after 5 h of LPS treatment. The IL-10 concentration was higher in the 300-㎎/㎏ TOE group than in the control group after 2 h and 5 h of LPS treatment. The liver concentrations of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 decreased more in the groups treated with TOE than in the control group and the IL-6 concentration did not differ significantly between the 100-㎎/㎏ TOE group than in the control group. The TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations did not differ significantly between the TOE groups and the control group. In the experiments involving Raw 264.7 macrophage cultures subjected to LPS shock, the productions of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased in all of the groups treated with TOE compared to the control group. The IL-10 concentration did not differ significantly between the groups treated with TOE and the control group. Together the findings of this study suggest that TOE contains functional substances that can influence inflammatory reactions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2008

Objectives and methods : Previous mechanistic studies suggest the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors represent the good candidates against tumor progression. MeOH extract of the stem barks of Euonymus alatus induced the strong inhibition of COX-2. A phenolic compound responsible for the anti- COX-2 known to involve in tumor adhesion and invasion has been studied through the methanol extracts. The compound, rosmarinic acid (ROS-A) was an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. ROS-A showed a strong inhibitory effect of COX-2 activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Then we have measured the IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production related the immune regulation, induction of inflammatory related genes. Results and Conclusions :Hep3B cells produce proinflammatory cytokines of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ while ROS A inhibited the cytokines production. Since IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ need the transcription factors such as nuclear factor- ${\kappa}$B (NF-${\kappa}$B) and activated protein-1 (AP-1), we measured the transcription factors. ROS-A inhibited the activation of p65, p50, c-Rel subunits of NF-${\kappa}$B and AP-1 transcription factors. These findings indicate that ROS A from the stem bark of E. alatus inhibits proliferation in metastatic cancer cells. It was suggested that stem barks of E. alatus could be suitable for anti-cancer drugs.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic ultrasound (US) of cell viability and inflammatory cytokine in rat articular chondrocyte cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Cultured chondrocytes were treated with US and/or LPS and assessed for viability, Tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and Interleukin (IL)-1 production. Results: Oxidative stress was induced in rat chondrocytes with LPS. The cell viability was decreased in chondrocytes after treatment with LPS. The viability revealed that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) exerted no significant cytotoxicity in the rat chondrocyte. LIPUS inhibited decreased cell viability in the presence of LPS ($30{\mu}g/ml$) in a intensity dependent pattern at LIPUS (p<0.05). $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in the presence of LPS was also inhibited in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05 from $30mW/cm^2$). IL-1 production in the presence of LPS was inhibited as well (p<0.05 from $7.5mW/cm^2$). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that US was the anti-inflammatory effect of chondrocytes. LIPUS may exert its anti inflammatory effects through inhibition of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-1 synthesis. These results suggest that US have potential for use as a pain relief and reduce the articular destruction.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.1065-1074
• /
• 2003

In order to evaluate the antiallergic effects of Kamiyukgunja-tang (KYGJT), studies were done. We measured the cytotoxic activity for lung fibroblast cell, cytokines transcript expression, production of INF-γ, IL-10, IL-4, GM-CSF, IL-1 β, TNF-α. IL-5 proliferation of B cell in anti-CD40mAb plus r1L-4 stimulated murine splenic B cells. The results were obtained as follows : 1. KYGJT was not showed cytotoxicity in the fibroblast lung cell. 2. KYGJT increased the gene synthesis of INF-γ, IL-10, GM-CSF(m-RNA). 3. KYGJT decreased the gene synthesis of IL-1β, IL-4, TNF-α, IL-5(m-RNA). 4. KYGJT decreased the appearance of TNF-α significantly. 5. KYGJT decreased the appearance of IgE significantly. 6. KYGJT decreased the proliferation of B cell significantly. 7. KYGJT decreased the appearance of Histamin Release Production significantly. The facts above prove that KYGJT is effective against the allergy. Thus. I think that we should study on this continuously

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 2021

Balanophora laxiflora Hemsl. (Balanophoraceae) is a traditional medicinal plant with a diverse array of biological activities. In our exploration of new bioactive constituents from B. laxiflora, we isolated five compounds, including a new lignan, balanophorone (5), and four known phenolic compounds (1-4). The chemical structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and CD. In addition, we evaluated the effects of each of the isolates (1-5) on the messenger RNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Compound 2 showed significant inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 and TNF-α expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages, while compound 4 showed moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, with IC50 values of 18.3 and 30.7 µM, respectively. No significant effects on the viability of normal mammary epithelial cells were observed.