• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.248-254
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• 2021

Ulcerative colitis (UC), chronic inflammatory bowel disease, is characterized by severe inflammation in the colon. Tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. Pu-erh tea, a unique Chinese tea produced by microbial activities, possesses a broad range of health-promoting effects, including anti-aging, anti-Alzheimer's disease, antioxidation and anti-obesity. However, the inhibitory effect of Pu-erh tea on intestinal inflammation and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate the regulatory effect of Pu-erh tea extract (PTE) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis clinical signs by analyzing the weight loss and colon length in mice. The inhibitory effects of PTE on inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were also determined in DSS-treated colitis tissue. We observed that PTE treatment significantly inhibited the DSS-induced clinical symptoms of weight loss, decrease,in colon length, and colon tissue damage in mice. Moreover, PTE attenuated the DSS-induced levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in colon tissue. We also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PTE by suppressing the activation of NF-κB in DSS-treated colon tissues. Collectively, the findings provide experimental evidence that PTE may be effective in preventing and treatment of intestinal inflammatory disorders, including UC.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2023

Objectives : This study was conducted to confirm the skin anti-aging effect of Chungpyesagan-tang(CPSGT) extract. Methods : We performed MMT assay to confirm the cytotoxicity of CPSGT. After inducing matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) with tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), we investigated mRNA expression and protein secretion of MMP-1 by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. In addition, we measured the protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) and transcription factors by western blot. Results : CPSGT was not cytotoxic at 25-800㎍/㎖. The mRNA expression and protein secretion of MMP-1 decreased when treated with CPSGT. The protein expression of p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38 was decreased by CPSGT. In addition, the protein expression of p-c-jun and p-NF-κB, which are transcription factors, were also decreased. Conclusion : This suggests that CPSGT can inhibit MMP-1 and thus be a potential anti-aging substance.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

Objectives : Coriandrum sativum is a medicinal herb that is used to enhance organoleptic quality and food flavor and as source of natural antioxidants. This research investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of Coriandrum sativum stem methanol extract (CSSE) using RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and nitric oxide (NO) in the culture supernatant, protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) in the extract were assayed. Results : Treatment with CSSE ($100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) resulted in inhibited levels of protein expression of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced iNOS, COX-2, and NF-${\kappa}B$ as well as production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and NO induced by LPS. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that CSSE exhibits anti-inflammatory activities via decreasing production of pro-inflammatory mediators through suppression of the pathways of NF-${\kappa}B$ in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, CSSE may have therapeutic potential for a variety of inflammation-mediated diseases.

• Journal of Convergence Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2024

Objectives: Gyeongokgo is a traditional medicine typically used for individuals with wasting disorders and decreased immunity. Carop is well-known for its exceptional antioxidant effects. The objective of this study was to determine whether the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Gyeongokgo may be enhanced by the addition of carob. Methods: Cytotoxicity was confirmed using an MTT assay. Free radical scavenging activity ability was evaluated using DPPH assay. The amount of produced nitrogen oxide, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured using an ELISA reader. Results: The Gyeongokgo with carob showed no cytotoxicity and a synergistic effect on antioxidant activity, when compared with the Gyeongokgo without carob. In addition, the inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production was higher for the Gyeongokgo with carob when compared with the Gyeongokgo without carob. The anti-inflammatory response of the Gyeongokgo with carob was possibly through the suppression of the production of TNF-α and IL-6. Conclusion: The addition of carob to Gyeongokgo may be an effective measure to enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-59
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• 2010

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the favorable anti arthritic effects of Euiiin-tang($y{\grave{i}}y{\breve{i}}r{\acute{e}}n-t{\bar{a}}ng$) aqueous extract(EIITe), has been traditionally used in Korean medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis on collagen induced arthritic(CIA) DBA/1 mice. Methods : In the present study, effects of EIITe on the releases of human tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$, matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-13 and production of Nitric oxide(NO) were observed by in vitro. In addition, to observe the effects on the CIA mice, three different dosages of EIITe, 300, 150 and 150 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 18 days from 24hrs after antigen challenges(type II collagen) on 21 days after immunization using Type II collagen Freund's complete adjuvant. Six groups, each of 8 DBA/1 mice per group were used in the present study as follows. Changes on the body weights, macroscopic arthritis scores, splenic weights, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 contents, articular cartilage(femur and tibia) collagen and glycosaminoglycans-chondroitin sulphate, sulphate and hyaluronic acid contents, histopathological observations(microscopic arthritis scores, thicknesses of femur and tibia cartilage thicknesses were monitored, compared to that of dexamethasone, a potent anti inflammatory agents, 1 mg/kg treated mice. Results : As results of collagen challenges, marked decreases of body weights and gains, articular cartilage collagen and glycosaminoglycan - chondroitin sulphate, sulphate and hyaluronic acid contents were observed with increases of macroscopic arthritis scores, splenic weights, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 contents, articular cartilage(in the both femur and tibia) loss and damages. However, these CIA signs were significantly and dosages dependently inhibited by treatment of EIITe 300 and 150 mg/kg as compared with CIA control, respectively. In addition, the releases of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, NO and MMP-13 were markedly and dose dependently inhibited by treatment of EIITe, invitro. Although CIA were more favorably inhibited by treatment of dexamethasone 1 mg/kg as compared with EIITe 300 mg/kg, marked decreases of body weights were detected in dexamethasone 1 mg/kg treated mice. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that over 150 mg/kg of EIITe showed favorable anti arthritic effects on the CIA mediated by immunomodulatory and/or anti oxidative effects. However, detail mechanism studies should be conduced in future with the screening of the biological active compounds in this herb. lthough CIA were more favorably inhibited by treatment of dexamethasone 1 mg/kg as compared with EIITe 300 mg/kg, marked decreases of body weights were detected in dexamethasone 1 mg/kg treated mice, in the present study.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

The roots of Achyranthes japonica Nakai were extracted with 100% aqueous and concentrated subfraction was separated with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-based activity profiling. Three compounds were isolated from the subfraction 5 through the repeated prep- high performance liquid chromatography column chromatography. According to the results of physico-chemical and spectroscopic data including NMR and MS, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as ecdysterone (1), 25S-inokosterone (2), and 25R-inokosterone (3). Three phytoecdysones were showed weak inhibitory activity for thymus and activation-regulated chemokine expression levels in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ plus IFN-${\gamma}$ induced HaCaT cells, respectively. However, those compounds 1-3 were exhibited the most potent inhibition (80-95% at $200{\mu}g/mL$) against TNF-${\alpha}$ expression levels in A23187 plus phorbol-myrisrate acetate-induced RBL-2H3 cells. As result, 100% aqueous extract of A. japonica has an excellent anti-atopy activity. It could be used to a large range of functional anti-atopy cosmetics.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2008

UV irradiation causes skin-aging involving coarse wrinkles, thickening, dyspigmentation, and rough skin surface. These phenomena in complex skin tissue is controlled with receptor of cell surface growth factor and cytokine receptors. The activation of receptors induces multiple downstream signaling pathways including expression of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases). This study was aimed to elucidate the mechanism for anti-wrinkle activity of Korean red ginseng, Torilis fructus and Corni fructus mixture (KTNG0345). In this animal study, we have investigated decreasing effects of Korean red ginseng mixture on MMP-3 synthesis through diminishing $TNF-{\alpha}$ signaling that express MMP-1, -3, and -9. c-Jun and c-fos as a component of transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein-1) were analyzed the expression level using real time PCR and western blotting. c-Jun was decreased dose dependent manner both gene and protein level where as cfos was not changed. In upstream, JNK and PAK was not changed, but p38 was decreased in down stream. MMP-3, final product in this pathway was significantly decreased in dose dependent manner. These results suggest that Korean red ginseng mixture have a anti-wrinkle activity through $TNF-{\alpha}$ mediated MMPs expression pathway.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.12-24
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• 2008

Background and Objective : Chungsangboha-tang (CSBHT) has analgesic, sedative, anti-convulsive and anti-histamine effects, so it alleviates the symptoms of asthma. For the comparison of anti-inflammatory effect(s) on CSBHT, PD098059 was used as a negative control. Materials and Methods : This study emphasized THP-1 cells, which had been well characterized as a human monocytic leukemic cell line. The cells resemble monocytes with respect to several criteria and can be differentiated into macrophage-like cells by treatment with PMA. By using the MTS assay, it was possible to prove the safety of CSBHT. Results : Results shows that the CSBHT did not affected cell survival within $10^{1}$ ng/ml to $10^{5}$ ng/ml. Especially, $10^{5}$ ng/ml CSBHT treated cells show 70% deduction of $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene expression against that of LPS treated group. Furthermore, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels are down-regulated when treated with CSBHT with concentrations up to 100 ug/ml on monocyte-derived macrophages. Interestingly, CSBHT-treated samples showed that overall transcriptional activities were down-regulated to 20% of that of PD098059 ($TNF-{\alpha}$ inhibitor). At protein level, the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ showed similar results as that of transcriptional activity. Results show that the protein level decreased more in the CSBHT-treated group (487 ${\pm}$ 87 pg/ml) than in the LPS-treated group (703 ${\pm}$ 103 pg/ml). In addition, the protein level of IL-8 in the CSBHT treated-group (9.84 ${\pm}$ 3.28 ng/ml) decreased similar as the expression of the control and PD098059-treated groups. Conclusion : CSBHT affects immune response, especially allergic responses and suppression of inflammatory reaction. The results provide us an alternative way to care for clinical inflammatory diseases, not only asthma but also the other possible general inflammatory and allergic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2011

To investigate effects of Ixeris dentata EtOH ext. on lowering lipid levels and anti-oxidation activity, hyperlipidemic rats were treated with Ixeris dentata EtOH ext. and lipid levels and anti-oxdation activity were measured. The Ixeris dentata EtOH ext. groups showed low concentration of plasma FFA, plasma triglyceride, plasma total cholesterol, and plasma LDL-cholesterol compared to control group. However, concentration of plasma HDLcholesterol was not significantly different among all the treatment groups. The Ixeris dentata EtOH ext. groups showed lower level of liver total cholesterol, liver triglyceride, plasma TBARS, and liver TBARS than those of control group. The Ixeris dentata EtOH ext. groups also showed higher level of GSH-Px activity, SOD activity, and CAT activity than those of control group. Moreover, the Ext. showed lower level of TNF-${\alpha}$, Apo-B, Apo-E, and leptin expression than those of control group. The results in this study shows that the Ixeris dentata EtOH ext. have positive effect in lowering lipid level, and anti-oxidative activity.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.294-301
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• 2019

This study evaluated the antioxidant activity and the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extracted Pyracantha angustifolia (PE) or hot water extracted P. angustifolia (PW) using natural plant sources. In the DPPH and ABTS assay, the PE extracts showed the highest activity with an IC₅₀ of 3.78 ㎍/mL, IC₅₀ of 510.57 ㎍/mL, respectively. The total polyphenol content of PE extracts was 37.11±0.01 mgGAE/mL and PW extracts was 11.46±0.01 mgGAE/mL in a 1 mg/mL. The MTT assay showed no cytotoxicity at all concentration of two extracts in mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. In addition, PE extracts strongly inhibited the production of NO, TNF-α cytokine secretion, and iNOS/TNF-α mRNA expression stimulated by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that P. angustifolia, especially the ethanol extracts (PE), can be used as a cosmetic material containing natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.