• 제목/요약/키워드: Anthropogenic sources

검색결과 244건 처리시간 0.023초

경포호의 항생제 내성 세균 조사 (Survey of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Lake Gyeongpo, Korea)

  • 한덕기
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.169-176
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    • 2023
  • The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been increasing with anthropogenic contamination. Understanding the prevalence and distribution of these resistant bacteria in environments is crucial for effectively managing anthropogenic pollutants. Lake Gyeongpo in the Gangwon Province of South Korea is known for its diverse ecological features and human interactions. The lake is exposed to pollutants from nonpoint sources, including urban areas, agricultural practices, and recreational activities, which can introduce antibiotics and foster antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The present study investigates Lake Gyeongpo as a potential reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a natural ecosystem. A total of 203 bacterial isolates were collected from six sampling locations in Lake Gyeongpo during May, July, and November 2022. Most isolates were taxonomically identified as Pseudoalteromonas, Bacillus, Shewanella, and Vibrio spp.; their abundance showed a spatiotemporal distribution. An antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted on 75 isolates using the disk diffusion method with six drugs according to the CLSI guideline; 42 isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Among these, 15 isolates were identified as multidrug resistant bacteria. This finding suggests the potential anthropogenic impact on Lake Gyeongpo and provides valuable insights into the dissemination of antibiotic resistance caused by anthropogenic pollutants.

동해 울릉분지 시추 퇴적물에서 안정 Pb 동위원소를 이용한 Pb의 기원 추정 (Sources Identification of Anthropogenic Pb in Ulleung Basin Sediments using Stable Pb Isotope Ratios, East/Japan Sea)

  • 최만식;우준식;김동선
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.315-327
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    • 2007
  • 동해 울릉분지 퇴적물에서 오염 기원 Pb의 근원지 및 이동 경로를 추정하기 위하여 2005년 4개의 박스형 시추퇴적물(30cm 길이)을 채취하였고 연대별 Pb 농도 및 Pb 동위원소 비율을 MC ICP/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구지역에서 1M HCl 용출 부분의 Pb 농도 및 동위원소 비율($^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$$^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$)은 1930년 전 약 300년 동안 거의 일정한 값을 보였으나 그 후로는 현재까지 지속적으로 증가하여 농도가 거의 2배 수준, 동위원소 비율은 3.41% 및 1.70% 증가한 값을 보였고 잔류 부분의 Pb 농도는 지난 400년 동안 거의 유사하였다. 오염 Pb의 축적률은 심해분지해역에서 1990년대 이후 $3.1-3.5mg/m^2/yr$ 범위로 대기로부터의 총 강하량과 유사하였고 대륙사면에서는 퇴적물 축적률에 비례하는 정도 이상으로의 급격한 증가를 보였다. 오염 기원 Pb의 축적률과 동위원소 비율의 시 공간적인 변화 그리고 오염 기원 Pb의 동위원소 비율과 가능한 오염원 물질의 동위원소 비율의 비교를 통하여 울릉분지에 축적되는 오염 기원 Pb의 근원지와 이동 경로를 설명할 수 있었다. 즉, 1930년대부터 중국 및 한국의 석탄 연소에 의해 오염 Pb의 축적이 이루어졌으며 여기에 유연 휘발류 사용으로 1990년대 초반까지 대기로부터의 강하량이 증가하여 오염 Pb 축적률이 계속 증가하였으며 수입 광상(호주 Broken Hill)의 비율 또한 점차 증가하였다. 1990년대 이후에는 한국 및 중국의 유연 휘발류 사용 금지 및 중국의 석탄 사용 급증에 의해 심해분지 해역에서는 그 이전과 매우 유사한 오염 Pb의 축적률을 보였으나, 대륙사면 해역에서는 1990년대 이후부터 급증한 국지적 오염원의 영향으로 급격한 오염 Pb 축적이 이루어지고 있었다.

Landscape Analysis of the Effects of Artificial Lighting around Wetland Habitats on the Giant Water Bug Lethocerus deyrollei in Jeju Island

  • Choi, Ho;Kim, Heung-Tae;Kim, Jae-Geun
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.83-86
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    • 2009
  • We conducted a landscape analysis to investigate the possibility of adverse effects of anthropogenic light sources, such as roads and residential buildings, on Lethocerus deyrollei on Jeju Island, Wetlands inhabited by L. deyrollei had fewer anthropogenic structures within a 3 km radius that had the potential to produce artificial light at night than wetlands not inhabited by L. deyrollei, In particular, the presence of artificial lights within a 1 km radius appears to reduce the probability of inhabitation by L. deyrollei, Our results suggest that artificial light sources may be critical determinants of L. deyrollei inhabitation patterns in a landscape, and that habitats that have a buffer area of at least 600$\sim$700 m radius free from residential buildings are the most appropriate habitats for L. deyrollei.

진해만 퇴적물의 퇴적속도와 중금속 오염 (Pollution of Heavy Metals and Sedimentation Rates in Sediment Cores from the Chinhae Bay, Korea)

  • 양한섭;김성수;김규범
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제4권5호
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    • pp.103-103
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    • 1995
  • In the Chinhae Bay, Korea, sedimentation rates and sedimentary record of anthropogenic metal loads were determined by $^{210}Pb$ dating and heavy metal analysis of four sediment cores . The sedimentation rates varied from 0.16g/$cm^2$/yr(3.1mm/yr) at Sta. Ct, located within narrow waterway to 0.24g/$cm^2$/yr(4.8mm/yr) at Sta. Cl, located in Haengam Bay. Maximum contents of Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr were observed at Sta. C2 located near the mouth of Masan Bay, while minimum contents were observed at Sta. CB. Mn/Fe ratios at Sta. C2 and Sta. C4 showed gradually increasing and decreasing downward, respectively, in the upper layer of sediment cores. This suggests that Mn may be diagenetically redistributed in highly reduced environment. At Sta. C2, the concentrations of Zn and Cu began to increase from 1920s by anthropogenic input and have been remarkablely increasing since mid 1960s. At Sta. C3, located near Sungpo, anthropogenic input of these two elements has also slightly increased after 1970s. However, pollution of these two elements was not significant in Haengam Bay(Sta. Cl) and Chiljun watenway(Sta. C4). The pollution of Co, Ni and Cr was not remarkable in all core samples except surface sediment of Sta. C2. The total input of anthropogenic Zn and Cu since 1920s was estimated to be 28∼792 ㎍/cm2 and 0∼168㎍/cm2, respectively. Sta. C2 showed remarkablely higher values relative to other stations: anthropogenic loads of Zn and Cu constituted 27% and 29% of the total sedimentary inventories at the present day, respectively. Fe, Ni, Cr and Co contents showed good correlation(r>0.8) with each other. Anthropogenic Zn and Cu also showed a very good positive correlation(>0.9). However, correlation between these two group of element was quite scattered, indicating different sources and geochemical behaviors.

진해만 퇴적물의 퇴적속도와 중금속 오염 (Pollution of Heavy Metals and Sedimentation Rates in Sediment Cores from the Chinhae Bay, Korea)

  • 양한섭;김성수;김규범
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제4권5호
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    • pp.489-500
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    • 1995
  • In the Chinhae Bay, Korea, sedimentation rates and sedimentary record of anthropogenic metal loads were determined by $^{210}Pb$ dating and heavy metal analysis of four sediment cores . The sedimentation rates varied from 0.16g/$cm^2$/yr(3.1mm/yr) at Sta. Ct, located within narrow waterway to 0.24g/$cm^2$/yr(4.8mm/yr) at Sta. Cl, located in Haengam Bay. Maximum contents of Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr were observed at Sta. C2 located near the mouth of Masan Bay, while minimum contents were observed at Sta. CB. Mn/Fe ratios at Sta. C2 and Sta. C4 showed gradually increasing and decreasing downward, respectively, in the upper layer of sediment cores. This suggests that Mn may be diagenetically redistributed in highly reduced environment. At Sta. C2, the concentrations of Zn and Cu began to increase from 1920s by anthropogenic input and have been remarkablely increasing since mid 1960s. At Sta. C3, located near Sungpo, anthropogenic input of these two elements has also slightly increased after 1970s. However, pollution of these two elements was not significant in Haengam Bay(Sta. Cl) and Chiljun watenway(Sta. C4). The pollution of Co, Ni and Cr was not remarkable in all core samples except surface sediment of Sta. C2. The total input of anthropogenic Zn and Cu since 1920s was estimated to be 28~792 $\mu\textrm{g}$/cm2 and 0~168$\mu\textrm{g}$/cm2, respectively. Sta. C2 showed remarkablely higher values relative to other stations: anthropogenic loads of Zn and Cu constituted 27% and 29% of the total sedimentary inventories at the present day, respectively. Fe, Ni, Cr and Co contents showed good correlation(r>0.8) with each other. Anthropogenic Zn and Cu also showed a very good positive correlation(>0.9). However, correlation between these two group of element was quite scattered, indicating different sources and geochemical behaviors.

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국내 비의도적 주요 배출원의 지역별 수은 대기 배출량 산정 및 미래 활동도 변화와 최적가용기술 적용 시 배출량 추이 (Estimation of Mercury Emission from Major Sources in Annex D of Minamata Convention and Future Trend)

  • 성진호;오주성;백승기;정법묵;장하나;서용칠;김성헌
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.193-207
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    • 2016
  • This study discusses the present status of mercury emission and distribution from major anthropogenic sources in Korea and the future trend of mercury emission by activity changes and application of BATs. Atmospheric mercury emission from major anthropogenic sources based on Annex D of Minamata convention was estimated to around 4.89 tonne in 2012. Emission ratios of cement clinker production, coal-fired power plant, waste incineration and non-ferrous metal smelting were 68.68%, 24.75%, 6.29% and 0.28%, respectively. High mercury emission regions were characterized by the presence of cement clinker production facilities and coal-fired power plants. Prediction of future activities was carried out by linear regression of the previous year data. The (total) mercury emission was estimated to decrease up to 48% Under the scenario of BATs to be applied and the change of future activities. Emissions from coal-fired powerplants and cement clinkers were expected to decrease significantly.

Water chemistry controlled by drainage basin: Case study in the Han River, South Korea

  • 류종식;이광식;신형선;안규홍;장호완
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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    • pp.405-407
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    • 2005
  • To evaluate the main hydrogeochemical characteristics, river waters are investigated using element리 and isotopic compositions in South Korea. In this area, the chemical compositions are mostly classified into three groups; $Ca^{2+}-{HCO_3}^-$ type, $Ca^{2+}-Cl^{-}-{NO_3}^-$ type and $Ca^{2+}-{HCO_3}^{-}-Cl^{-}-{NO_3}^-$ type. These types are affected by two major factors: water-rock interaction and anthropogenic inputs such as sewage and fertilizers. Based on the values of ${\delta}^{18}O$ and ${\delta}D$, most of waters are originated from precipitation except two samples contaminated. The lithology and geography of basins mainly control the water chemistry. Elemental and isotopic compositions show that water chemistry are mainly controlled by three end members, especially by carbonate dissolution, and suggest that anthropogenic input affect the water chemistry. Also, three weathering sources are identified: silicates, dolomite and limestone.

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DRUM impactor를 이용한 대기 입자상 물질 중 원소성분의 입경분포 특성 : 제주도 고산지역의 2002년 봄철 (3.29-5.30) 측정 연구 (Size Distributions of Trace Elements in Airborn Particulates Collected using Drum impactor at Gosan, Jeju Island : Measurements in Springtime 2002)

  • 한진석;문광주;류성윤;안준영;공부주;홍유덕;김영준
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.555-569
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    • 2004
  • Size -segregated measurements of aerosol composition using 8-stage DRUM impactor are used to determine the transport of natural and anthropogenic aerosols at Gosan site from 29 March to 30 May in 2002. Separation of ambient aerosols by DRUM impactor offers many Advantages over other standard filtration techniques. Some of the most important advantages are the ability to segregate into details by particle tire, to better preserve chemical integrity since the air stream doesn't pars through the deposit, to collect samples as a function of time, and to have a wide variety of impaction surfaces available to match analytical needs. Although the transport of Yellow sand is a well-known phenomenon in springtime, the result of measurement shows that not only soil dust but also anthropogenic aerosols, including sulfur, enriched trace metals such as Pb, Ni, Zn. Cu, Cr, As, Se, Br, are transported to Gosan in springtime. This study combines the size- and time-resolved aerosol composition measurements with isentropic, backward air-mass trajectories in order to identify some potential source regions of anthropogenic aerosols. As a result, during the NYS period, the average concentration of PM$_{10}$ was 46$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, Si, Al. S, Fe, Cl, K, Ca were higher than 1,000 ng/㎥ and Ti was about 100 ng/㎥. The concentrations of Zn, Mn, Cu. Pb, Br, Rb, V, Cr, Ni. At, Se ranged between 1 and 70 ng/㎥. More than 50% typical soil elements, tuck as Al, Si, Fe, Cd. Ti, Cr, Cu, Br. were distributed in a coarse particle range(5.0-12${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). In other hand, anthropogenic pollutants, luck as S, N, Vi, were mainly distributed in a fine particle range (0.09-0.56${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). During the YS period, PM$_{10}$ increased about 8 times than NYS period, and main soil elements, such as Al, Si, S, K, V, Mn, Fe also doubled in coarse particle range (1.15-12${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). But Zn, As, Pb, Cu and Se, which distributed in the time aerosols (0.09-0.56${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), were on the same level with or decreased than NYS period. Finally. except the YS Period, coarse particles (2.5-12${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) are inferred to be influenced by soil, coal combustion, waste incineration, ferrous and nonferrous sources through similar pathways with Yellow Sand. But fine particles have different sources, such as coal combustion, gasoline vehicle, biomass burning, oil or coal combustion, nonferrous and ferrous metal sources, which are transported from China, Korea peninsula and local sources.ces.

PMF를 이용한 수도권지역 VOCs의 배출원 추정 (Preliminary Source Apportionment of Ambient VOCs Measured in Seoul Metropolitan Area by Positive Matrix Factorization)

  • 한진석;문광주;김록호;신선아;홍유덕;정일록
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.85-97
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    • 2006
  • The PAMS data collected at four sites in Seoul metropolitan area in 2004 were analyzed using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) technique, in order to identify the possible sources and estimate their contributions to ambient VOCs. Ten sources were then resolved at Jeongdong, Bulgwang, Yangpyeong, and Seokmo, including vehicle exhaust, LPG vehicle, petroleum evaporation, coating, solvent, asphalt, LNG, Industry & heating, open burning, and biogenic source. The PMF analysis results showed that vehicle exhaust commonly contributed the largest portion of the predicted total VOCs mass concentration, more than $30\%$ at four sites. The contribution of other resolved sources were significantly different according to the characteristics of site location. In the case of Jeongdong and bulgwang located in urban area, various anthropogenic sources such as coating, solvent, asphalt, residual LPG, and petroleum evaporation contributed about $40\%$ of total VOCs mass. On the other hand, at yangpyeong and Seokmo located in rural and remote area, the portion of these anthropogenic sources was reduced to less than $30\%$ and the contribution of natural sources including open burning and biogenic source clearly observed. These results were considerably corresponding to the emission inventory investigated in this region.