• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.241-250
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• 2017

Recently, there has been growing interest in the emission characteristics and behavior of anthropogenic mercury compounds from emission sources. It is required to establish a standard for reliable mercury measurement method. Therefore, this study has evaluated the applicability of the new measurement method; Continuous Emission Monitoring (US EPA 30A, CEM). In addition, the reliability evaluation was conducted through Ontario Hydro Method (ASTM D6784, OHM) and Sorbent trap method (US EPA Method 30B). As a monitoring result for three months via CEM from cement kiln, the maximum mercury compounds concentration was about $600{\mu}g/Sm^3$. This is because of the various of raw materials and fuel, and the absence of mercury-control device. The mercury compounds concentrations of OHM, Sorbent trap and CEM were 13.64 $(3.33{\sim}32.41){\mu}g/Sm^3$, $13.94(5.97{\sim}23.44){\mu}g/Sm^3$ and $14.68(6.19{\sim}26.75){\mu}g/Sm^3$, respectively. The relative standard deviations (% RSD) of the three methods were 5.1~40.9%. The result of this study suggest that it is possible to apply the CEM in the cement kiln when, QA/QC such as calibration is verified.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1996

Daily measutements of visibility on 09 LST have been made at a rural site in Chong-won, Chong-book since 1991 to find out a possible influence of emissions of anthropogenic pollutants and water vapout in urban and rural environments. Daily visibility data collected over four-year period were compared with the available visibility and air quality data obtainde from other stations. Detailed examinations of our data showed that the frequency of fog occurrence (visibility .leq. 1 km) at a rural site (KNUE) was at least three times higher (77 days per year) than the frequency of fog both in Chong-ju city (19 days) and at the Air Force Base(AFB) in the rural area. We interpret that the higher frequency of fog at KNUE was due to abundant water vapour in the Mieho River (upstream of the Keum River) area. In Chong-ju city, fog usually continued for a relatively long duration, while it dissipated simewhat faster in the rural environment due to higher solar radiation in the countryside area. The number of misty (.leg. 6 km) days (including foggy days) at KNUE were 235 days as compared with 135 days at the AFB and 67 days in Chong-ju city. In turn the number of days with low visibility (less than 6 km) at KNUE was about 64% per year. Since the moisture alone in a calm morning does not produce a visibility impairment, there must had abundant condensation nuclei including anthropogenic air pollutants. Air pollution was examined, for instance, average values of TSP for November and December 1993 were 115 and 116.mu.g/m$^{3}$, respectively. We conclude that the above mentioned environmental conditions with moisture are favourable for the formation of fog and mist in the rural sampling site at KNUE. Additionally, we found at least 10 days of acid fog at KNUE in September 1994 alone. Measured pH values in the acid for water were in the range of 4.36 .sim. 5.01 with the mean value of 4.51 Our observations suggested that strikingly acid fog do occur occasionally even in the rural environment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1349-1358
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• 2014

This study suggests plan of green space management based on the result of research apprehending the characteristic through sorting types of city thermal environment targeting summer which thermal pollution is the most serious. Considering anthropogenic heat, development level of wind road, thermal environment, as a result of types of thermal environment process, it is appeared 36 types, and 10 types is relevant of this research subject. Type I-1, size of building is large, artificial covering area is wide, and thermal load of anthropogenic heat is high, type II-1, development condition of wind road is incomplete as IIlevel, entering cold air is difficult and thermal management and improvement is needed area. Type III-1, scale is large and it is area of origin of cold air, development level of wind road is mostly favorable, type III-2 is revealed as smaller scale than III-1, and small area of origin of cold air. Type IV, anthropogenic heat is $81{\sim}150W/m^2$, average, but development function of wind road is very favorable. Type V, large area of thermal load and the origin of cold air are distributed as similar ratio, and level of development function of wind road is revealed as II level. According to standard of type classification of thermal environment, as a result of suggesting plan of green space management and biotops area ratio, type I-1 is buffer green space and waterway creation, goal biotops area ratio 35%, type II-1 afforestation in site and goal biotops area ratio 40%, type III-1, preservation plan to display the current function continuously is requested. Type IV suggests afforestation of stream current, and type V suggests quantitative increase of green space and goal biotops area ratio 45%.

• Carbon letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2011

Public concern has recently increased over the potential risk of toxic elements emitted from anthropogenic sources. Among these, mercury has drawn special attention owing to its increasing level of bioaccumulation in the environment and in the food chain, with potential risks for human health. This paper presents an overview of research related to mercury control technology and identifies areas requiring additional research and development. It critically reviews measured mercury emissions progress in the development of promising control technologies, including catalytic oxidation, sorbent injection, photochemistry oxidation, and air pollution control devices.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-162
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• 2020

The main objective of this study is to estimate the levels of pollution to which the community is presently exposed and to model the regimes of local air quality. Diurnal, daily, and monthly variations of NO, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ were thoroughly investigated in three areas; namely, residential, industrial, and terminal in Ras Al-Khafji. There is obvious diurnal variation in the concentration of these pollutants that clearly follows the diurnal variation of atmospheric temperature and main anthropogenic and industrial activities. Correlation analysis showed that meteorological conditions play a vital role in shaping the pattern and transportation of air pollutants and photochemical processes affecting O₃ formation and destruction. Bivariate polar plots, an effective graphical tool that utilizes air pollutant concentrations' dependence on wind speed and wind direction, were used to identify prevailing emission sources. Non-buoyant ground-level sources like domestic heating and street transport emissions, various industrial stacks, and airport-related activities were considered dominant emission sources in observatory sites. This study offers valuable and detailed information on the status of air quality, which has considerable, quantifiable, and important public health benefits.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.47-48
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• 2001

It is well known that atmospheric aerosols play an important role in the radiation balance of the earth and meteorological processes as well as in atmospheric chemistry. Aerosols may origin from both natural and/or anthropogenic sources. Thus, the chemical composition of aerosols can vary considerably. For example, the chemical composition of marine aerosol has been the subject of a considerable number of investigations, including the evaluation of long-range transport of anthropogenic constituents on the chemistry of the remote marine boundary layer. (omitted)

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2014

In winter 2013, extreme air pollution by fine particulate matter ($PM_{2.5}$) in China attracted much public attention. In order to simulate the $PM_{2.5}$ pollution, the Community Multiscale Air Quality model driven by the Weather Research and Forecasting model was applied to East Asia in a period from 1 January 2013 to 5 February 2013. The model generally reproduced $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in China with emission data in the year 2006. Therefore, the extreme $PM_{2.5}$ pollution seems to be mainly attributed to meteorological (weak wind and stable) conditions rather than emission increases in the past several years. The model well simulated temporal and spatial variations in $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in Japan as well as China, indicating that the model well captured characteristics of the $PM_{2.5}$ pollutions in both areas on the windward and leeward sides in East Asia in the study period. In addition, contribution rates of four anthropogenic emission sectors (power generation, industrial, residential and transportation) in China to $PM_{2.5}$ concentration were estimated by conducting zero-out emission sensitivity runs. Among the four sectors, the residential sector had the highest contribution to $PM_{2.5}$ concentration. Therefore, the extreme $PM_{2.5}$ pollution may be also attributed to large emissions from combustion for heating in cold regions in China.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.117-118
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• 2003

대기 중 전체 오존의 약 10%를 차지하고 있는 대류권 오존은 대류권의 화학구성을 조절하고, 기후를 변화시키며 인체와 식물에 해로운 영향을 끼친다. 이러한 대류권 오존은 최근 동아시아에서 북반구의 다른 중위도 지역보다 더욱 크게 증가하고 있다(Lee et al., 1998). 아시아 대륙의 오존 증가는 지역적으로 국한된 것이 아니라 오존을 비롯해 오존의 전구 물질 수송으로 태평양과 심지어 북아메리카까지 영향을 미치는 것으로 관측되었다(Jacob, 1999). 그러므로 아시아 지역의 대류권 오존 분석과 원인을 규명하는 것이 중요하다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.183-184
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• 2000

도시화가 진행될수록 인구 집중과 고충 건물의 점유 증가를 초래하고 이로 인해 도심내 공장의 증가, 자동차의 폐열량 증가, 겨울철 연료와 여름철 냉방에 의한 에너지 사용량이 증가된다. 이때 방출된 열원으로 인해 도시 열섬의 강도는 커지게 된다. 단위면적에 대해 방출되는 열플럭스가 도시마다 큰 차이를 보이는데(Landsberg, 1981) 시드니 외곽부에 비해 도심내의 연간 에너지 사용량이 360배에 달한다는 것을 보였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.173-175
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• 2000

도시기상의 원인으로는 지표면 상태의 변화, 인공구조물과 인공열 방출을 들 수 있으며 그 외 오염물질 또한 하나의 원인이다. 도시의 낮은 함수률의 지표면 증가는 증발산 영역을 감소시켜 결과적으로 잠열방출을 감소시키고 현열을 증가시킨다(Tapper, et. al., 1981). 또한 도시의 배수시설은 유입된 강수의 흐름을 시골보다 짧은 기간 머무르게 하여 도시에서 낮은 절대 습도를 가지게 한다. (중략)