• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.651-653
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• 1998

A destructive anthracnose of safflower has severely occurred at Kyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extention Services in 1998. Incidence of the disease surveyed at 12 fields in Chinju, Sanchong and Hamyang was ranged fro 55.7 to 85.4%. Small irregular yellowish to brown spots appeared on all parts of the plant at initial infection stage and the spots enlarged or united into larger irregular to cylindrical black lesions with hollows. Above portions of infected stems were often blighted and pink colored conidial masses were colonized on the lesions. The causal fungus consistently isolated from the infected tissues were identified as Colletotrichum acutatum by following characteristics. The fungus grew well on PDA at 15~3$0^{\circ}C$ developing apricot to salmon color. Conidia were single-celled, colorless, fusiform and bisectioned and measured as 8~18$\times$3~5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Brownish appressoria were cylindrical or ovate and sized as 5~10$\times$4~8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Optimum temperature for growth and germination of conidia was recorded at $25^{\circ}C$ and at least 6 hours were required for infection to the host plants. Over 90% conidia were germinated and all plants were infected by artificial inoculation by 24 hours at $25^{\circ}C$. This is the first report of safflower anthracnose caused by C. acutatum in Korea.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2014

Filamentous fungi of the genus Colletotrichum (teleomorph, Glomerella) are considered major plant pathogens worldwide. Cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruit trees may be seriously affected by this pathogen (1). Colletotrichum species cause typical disease symptoms known as anthracnoses, characterized by sunken necrotic tissue, where orange conidial masses are produced. Anthracnose appears in both developing and mature plant tissues (2). We investigated disease occurrence in apple orchards from 2013 to 2014 in northern Gyeongbuk province, Korea. Typical anthracnose with advanced symptoms was observed in all apple orchards studied. Of late, static fruit spot symptoms are being observed in apple orchards. A small lesion, which does not expand further and remains static until the harvesting season, is observed at the beginning of fruit growth period. In our study, static symptoms, together with the typical symptoms, were observed on apples. The isolated fungus was tested for pathogenicity on cv. 'Fuji apple' (fully ripe fruits, unripe fruits, and cross-section of fruits) by inoculating the fruits with a conidial suspension ($10^5$ conidia/ml). In apple inoculated with typical anthracnose fungus, the anthracnose symptoms progressed, and dark lesions with salmon-colored masses of conidia were observed on fruit, which were also soft and sunken. However, in apple inoculated with fungi causing static symptoms, the size of the spots did not increase. Interestingly, the shape and size of the conidia and the shape of the appressoria of both types of fungi were found to be similar. The conidia of the two types of fungi were straight and cylindrical, with an obtuse apex. The culture and morphological characteristics of the conidia were similar to those of C. gloeosporioides (5). The conidia of C. gloeosporioides germinate and form appressoria in response to chemical signals such as host surface wax and the fruitripening hormone ethylene (3). In this study, the spores started to germinate 4 h after incubation with an ethephon suspension. Then, the germ tubes began to swell, and subsequently, differentiation into appressoria with dark thick walls was completed by 8 h. In advanced symptoms, fungal spores of virtually all the appressoria formed primary hyphae within 16 h. However, in the static-symptom fungus spores, no primary hyphae formed by 16 h. The two types of isolates exhibited different growth rates on medium containing apple pectin, Na polypectate, or glucose as the sole carbon. Static-symptom fungi had a >10% reduction in growth (apple pectin, 14.9%; Na polypectate, 27.7%; glucose, 10.4%). The fungal isolates were also genetically characterized by sequencing. ITS regions of rDNA, chitin synthase 1 (CHS1), actin (ACT), and ${\beta}$-tubulin (${\beta}t$) were amplified from isolates using primer pairs ITS 1 and ITS 4 (4), CHS-79F and CHS-354R, ACT-512F and ACT-783R, and T1 and ${\beta}t2$ (5), respectively. The resulting sequences showed 100% identity with sequences of C. gloeosporioides at KC493156, and the sequence of the ${\beta}$t gene showed 100% identity with C. gloeosporioides at JX009557.1. Therefore, sequence data from the four loci studied proves that the isolated pathogen is C. gloeosporioides. We also performed random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR, which showed clearly differentiated subgroups of C. gloeosporioides genotypes. The clustering of these groups was highly related to the symptom types of the individual strains.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.82-84
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• 2012

The tulip tree ($Liriodendron$ $chinense$) has been widely cultivated in Korea as a street or garden tree for its large flowers, which have a superficial resemblance to tulips. Occurrence of anthracnose disease on the leaves of tulip trees growing on the campus of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea, has been observed. Based on mycological characteristics, pathogenicity, and internal transcribed spacer sequence, the causal fungus was identified as $Colletotrichum$ $gloeosporioides$. This is the first report on anthracnose disease caused by $C.$ $gloeosporioides$ on tulip trees in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.132.2-132
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• 2003

Anthracnose occurred on rapsberry grown in Gochang areas of Korea in 2003. The disease incidence was ranged from 1.1 to 2.6％. Anthracnose of rapsberry appeared as dark brown circular spots on naturally infected stems. The symptoms of infected stems were small brown to dark brown spots and gradually enlarged larger cylindrical dark brown lesions. The causal fungus of anthracnose isolated from the diseased plants was identifed as Colletotrichum coccodes based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. All isolates of C. coccodes were produced similar symptoms on the host leaves by artificial inocultion.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.236-241
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• 2001

Serve outbreaks of anthracnose were observed on perilla plants grown in greenhouses and open fields in several locations in Korea during the disease survey from 1997 to 2000. A total of 53 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. and Glomerella sp. was obtained from diseased perilla plants and identified based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Forty isolates were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, three isolates as C. coccodes, five isolates as C. dematium, and the other five isolates as Glomerella cingulata, the teleomorph of C. gloeosporioides. All isolates of C. gloeosporioides tested by artificial inoculation were strongly virulent on perilla plants, but isolates of the other species were weakly or not virulent. Anthracnose symptoms induced on the perilla plants by artificial inoculation with the isolates of C. gloeosporioides were similar to those observed in the fields. This study revealed that C. gloeosporioides is the main causal fungus of perilla anthracnose.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2005

Leaf anthracnose was observed on leaves of Japanese spindle tree in Seoul, Korea from autumn 2003 to spring 2004. The causal fungus was purely isolated from he leaf spot lesions and cultured on PDA. The colony on PDA was cream to orange but blackish in the center n old cultures. Conidia were formed in blackish orange asses and were cylindrical in shape, measured 13-17${\times}$5-7 ${\mu}$m in size. Blackish brown setae were often observed on PDA and ranged up to 100 ${\mu}$m in length. Based on morphological and ITS region sequence analyses, the fungal strain was identified as Colletotrichum boninense. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by inoculating tree leaves with 1 ${\times}$ $106^6$ conidia per ml in a moist chamber. This is the first study on the pathogenicity, growth and phylogenetic characteristics of C. boninense causing leaf anthracnose on Japanese spindle tree in Korea.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.543-544
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• 1998

An anthracnose on potato leaves was observed in Kangwon alpine and Kangnung areas in Korea. A fungal pathogen was repeatedly isolated from the leaf lesions and stems of the infected plants and identified as Colletotrichum coccodes. The fungus showed pathogenicity on the leaves of potato inoculated. This is the first report that anthracnose of potato caused by Colletotrichum coccodes was occurred in Korea.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.358-360
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• 1998

An anthracnose of Rumex crispus was endemic in wet area around a fruit garden of Taejon in Korea. A fungal pathogen was repeatedly isolated from the leaf spot lesions of the weed plant and identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The plant was controlled completely by fungal inoculation with 5$\times$105 conidia/ml. The fungus has potential to be developed as a mycoherbicide for weed control.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.379.5-380
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• 2001

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.185-188
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• 2010

This study was undertaken to isolate and to identify a fungal pathogen Monilinia sp. KV-27 associated with apple anthracnose. Rotted Fuji apples were used for the isolation of the fungus. The infected tissues were sterilized with 70% ethanol, washed with sterilized distilled water and were transferred to 50 ml containing potato dextrose broth (PDB) flasks. The peripheral hyphae of the fungal colony which developed from the infected tissues were isolated on to potato dextrose agar (PDA). On PDA plates the fungus grew well at $25^{\circ}C$ and occupied more than half of a 9 cm petri dish within 5 days. The fungal cultures on PDA were used for morphological observation and identification of the fungus. Conidiophores were produced on the gray to whitish sporodochial structures scattered on PDA plates. These conidiophores gave rise to chains of conidia, which were branched and easily detached in water. These structures were dark brown to black and consisted of hyphal masses. Conidia produced on PDA plates were hyline or light colored, lemon shaped or ellipsoidal ($10-13{\times}8.5-11{\mu}m$) in size.