• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of additives on the physical properties of surimi made from Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. Krill surimi was prepared from krill meat with an added cryoprotectant (sugar 6%, polyphosphate 0.2%). Krill surimi without additives does not form a gel. In order to enhance the gelling of krill surimi, additives such as soy protein isolate (SPI), guar gum, carrageenan, and wheat starch were examined. Of these, SPI had the highest gel-forming activity, while guar gum, carrageenan, and wheat starch had decreasing gel-forming activity and negative effects on other physical properties as their concentrations were increased. In addition, SPI enhanced the gel strength and physical properties of krill surimi. The fluoride and astaxanthin contents of krill surimi with added SPI were 55.0 mg/kg and 0.8 mg/kg, respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2014

Antarctic krill Euphausia superba is an excellent potential source of food protein. We used enzymatic hydrolysate of Antarctic krill and 10 other precursors to seek the optimum krill reaction flavor and apply to ramen sauce. Krill concentrate and powder were compared by sensory evaluation. The krill powder performed better preference, and was added to ramen sauce, which itself performed better than a commercial shrimp flavored sauce. In total, 47 and 39 volatile compounds were identified from krill concentrate and powder, respectively. Both products contained many aldehydes and sulfur-containing compounds. The whisky flavor of aldehydes lowered the shrimp flavor of the krill concentrate. Sulfur-containing compounds were found in krill powder, confirming the results from sensory evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 1994

Spatial distribution patterns of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba in the Atlantic Ocean sector were seasonally divided into three or four regions; South George Island, Laurie/Coronation Islands and Livingston/King George Islands. Antarctic krill were caught from the surface to about 150 m in depth. The vertical distribution of catch per hour (CPUE) did not show much differences between the 10 m layers, but there were gradually poorer CPUEs as trawl depth increased. It was estimated from relationship between water temperature and CPUE that the Antarctic krill abundance was maximal at water temperatures of $0.8{\sim}1.0^{\circ}C$. The length compositions of Antarctic krill showed that female fish were, on an average, significantly larger than males. Relationship between carapace length and body length, and body length-body weight relationship were well fitted. Sex ratio was $60.3\%$ for male and $39.7\%$ for female with significant difference at the $5\%$ level.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2002

For ten firn cores, from both the eastern and the western side of Lambert Glacier basin (LGB), snow accumulation rate and isotopic temperature were measured far the recent 50 years. Results show that snow accumulation for five cores over the eastern side of LGB (GC30, GD03, GD15, DT001, and DT085) at Wilks Land and Princess Elizabeth Land increases, whereas it decreases at the western side (Core E, DML05, W200, LGB 16, and MGA) at Dronning Maud Land, Mizuho Plateau and Kamp Land. For the past decades, the increasing rate was $0.34-2.36kg\;m^{-2}a^{-1}$ at the eastern side and the decreasing rate was $-0.01\;-\;-2.36kg\;m^{-2}\;a^{-1}$ at the western side. Temperatures at the eastern LGB were also increased with the rate of $0.02%o\;a^{-l}$. At the western LGB it was difficult to see clear trends, which were confirmed by Instrumental temperature records at coastal stations. Although statistic analysis and modeling results display that both surface temperature and accumulation rate has increased trends in Antarctic ice sheet during 1950-2000, the regional distributions were much more different for different geographic areas. We believe that ice-core records at Wilks Land and Princess Elizabeth Land reflect the real variations of SST and moisture change in the southern India Ocean. For the Kamp Land and Dronning Maud Land, however circulation pattern was different, by which the climate was more complicated. The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) aimed to reveal an overall spatial pattern of climate change over Antarctic ice sheet for the past 200 years. This study points the importance of continental to regional circulation to annual-decadal scale climate change in Antarctica.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2007

Atmospheric levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at the King Sejong station were monitored for one year using passive air samplers. Low-chlorinated PCB homologues were predominant in all samples. PCB levels were observed to decrease with distance from the station, which may indicate that a significant part of PCBs could be of local origin. Although the level of PCBs at the King Sejong station is very low (${\Sigma}_9PCB$ (18, 52, 101, 118, 128, 138, 153, 180, 187): $2.3\;pg\;m^{-3}$) probably due to decrease in the global PCB emissions, it is one order of magnitude higher than a background level in the Antarctic. Based on this preliminary study, more interpretation on PCB data and meteorological conditions is required.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.364-374
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• 2008

Antarctic Environmental Monitoring Handbook' was published by COMNAP/SCAR in 2000. The standardized method described in this handbook is recommended for monitoring of antarctic environment. High pressure bomb technique in this guide was used to decompose soil samples. In compliance with this guide book, high pressure bomb technique was applied to decompose the antarctic soil sampled at the King Sejong Station. An Isotope Dilution-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) was applied to determine mass concentrations of Pb, Cu and Zn in the soil. The accuracy in this method was verified by the analysis of certified reference materials (CRM) of NIST 2702 (marine sediment). The analytical results agreed with certified value within the range from 99.5~100.8%. Matrix separation was necessitated for the determination of Cu and Zn by Chelex 100 ion exchange resin. As a result, the average mass concentrations of Pb, Cu and Zn which are suspected to be caused by anthropogenic pollution were 332.9 mg/kg, 95.6 mg/kg and 115.3 mg/kg, respectively. Those for the metals sampled in the soils of the remote regions from the station were 28.1 mg/kg, 101.8 mg/kg and 115.6 mg/kg, respectively.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.139-144
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• 2005

Multichannel seismic survey has conducied along the South Scotia Ridge which is located in the northern part of Weddell sea, Antarctic sea, The South Scotia Ridge is part of continental crust extended from Antarctic Peninsula. It borders on Oceanic plates, the Scotia sea plate and Powell basin. Transtensional tectonics along the sinistral transform fault plate boundary led to the creation of the present tectonic geomorphology of the South Scotia Ridge. The fan-shaped deposits with angular unconformities in the central depression is interpreted as a divergent tectonic movement along the ridge.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.215-219
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• 2005

Multichannel seismic survey has conducted along the South Scotia Ridge which is located in the northern part of Weddell sea, Antarctic sea. The South Scotia Ridge is part of continental crust extended from Antarctic Peninsula. It borders on Oceanic plates, the Scotia sea plate and Powell basin. Transtensional tectonics along the sinistral transform fault plate boundary led to the creation of the present tectonic geomorphology of the South Scotia Ridge. The fan-shaped deposits with angular unconformities in the central depression is interpreted as a divergent tectonic movement along the ridge.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.411-417
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• 2001

Due to international law the Antarctic is currently the best protected large ecosystem on earth, providing the opportunity for scientific research into processes of both regional and global importance. However, it is impossible to carry out research activities without minor disturbances to the environment. The Weddell Sea with its shelf inhabiting fauna can be considered to be representative for the entire Antarctic shelf with exceptions. It has generally escaped major anthropogenic impact but it is the only area in the high latitude Antarctic where long-term research fishing has been carried out. There are two main results combining aspects of nature conservation and benthos research. Firstly, the use of dredges has clearly decreased over the last two decades, whilst the use of non-invasive underwater photography and video has significantly increased. Secondly, during the same period icebergs destroyed an area of the seafloor and its fauna more than 2000-times greater than the area affected by research trawls. The increased use of imaging methods, Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) and other modem instruments, as well as statistically based and coordinated sampling strategies can contribute to both a better understanding of ecosystem function and to an ongoing reduction in anthropogenic impact.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 1999

Total lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid composition of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba collected from the water of King George Island, Antarctica during austral summer of 1997-1998, were investigated. The overall lipid content of 5. superba was 72 mg/g dry mass similar to the reported values for most temperate species. The neutral lipid of E. superba was 29% of the total lipid and that of phospholipid was 71%. The majority of neutral lipid was triacylglycerols(31.6% of neutral lipids) while phosphatidyl choline (44% of phospholipid) was the most abundunt in phospholipids. The quantitative composition of the fatty acid in E. superba show consisting mostly of the saturated 16:0 (16.6% -22.1%), along with the polyunsaturated 20:5(n-3) (20.6% -22.1%) and 22:6(n-3) (14.9% -16.9%) acids.