DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Year-round Monitoring of Atmospheric Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) at the King Sejong Station in the Antarctic

남극 세종기지에서의 대기 중 PCB 모니터링

  • Choi, Sung-Deuk (Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough) ;
  • Baek, Song-Yee (School of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)) ;
  • Chang, Yoon-Seok (School of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)) ;
  • Yoon, Young-Jun (Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI) ;
  • Park, Byong-Kwon (Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI) ;
  • Hong, Sung-Min (Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI)
  • 최성득 (토론토대학교 물리.환경과학과) ;
  • 백송이 (포항공과대학교 환경공학부) ;
  • 장윤석 (포항공과대학교 환경공학부) ;
  • 윤영준 (한국해양연구원 부설 극지연구소) ;
  • 박병권 (한국해양연구원 부설 극지연구소) ;
  • 홍성민 (한국해양연구원 부설 극지연구소)
  • Published : 2007.12.30

Abstract

Atmospheric levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at the King Sejong station were monitored for one year using passive air samplers. Low-chlorinated PCB homologues were predominant in all samples. PCB levels were observed to decrease with distance from the station, which may indicate that a significant part of PCBs could be of local origin. Although the level of PCBs at the King Sejong station is very low (${\Sigma}_9PCB$ (18, 52, 101, 118, 128, 138, 153, 180, 187): $2.3\;pg\;m^{-3}$) probably due to decrease in the global PCB emissions, it is one order of magnitude higher than a background level in the Antarctic. Based on this preliminary study, more interpretation on PCB data and meteorological conditions is required.

Keywords

References

  1. 최성득, 장윤석. 2005. Passive Air Sampler를 이용한 잔류성 유기오염물질의 대기 모니터링. 한국대기환경학회지, 21, 481-494
  2. Bartkow, M.E., K. Booij, K.E. Kennedy, J.F. Muller, and D.W. Hawker. 2005. Passive air sampling theory for semivolatile organic compounds. Chemosphere, 60, 170- 176 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.033
  3. Breivik, K., A. Sweetman, J.M. Pacyna, and K.C. Jones. 2002a. Towards a global historical emission inventory for selected PCB congeners - A mass balance approach: 1. Global production and consumption. Sci. Total Environ., 290, 181-198 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01075-0
  4. Breivik, K., A. Sweetman, J.M. Pacyna, and K.C. Jones. 2002b. Towards a global historical emission inventory for selected PCB congeners - A mass balance approach: 2. Emissions. Sci. Total Environ., 290, 199-224 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01076-2
  5. Choi, S.-D., S.-Y. Baek, and Y.-S. Chang. 2007. Influence of a large steel complex on the spatial distribution of volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) determined by passive air sampling using membrane-enclosed copolymer (MECOP). Atmos. Environ., 41, 6255-6264 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.03.058
  6. Gambaro, A., L. Manodori, R. Zangrando, A. Cincinelli, G. Capodaglio, and P. Cescon. 2005. Atmospheric PCB concentrations at Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 9406-9411 https://doi.org/10.1021/es0510921
  7. Halsall, C.J. 2004. Investigating the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Arctic: Their atmospheric behaviour and interaction with the seasonal snow pack. Environ. Pollut., 128, 163-175 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.026
  8. Ikonomou, M.G., T.L. Fraser, N.F. Crewe, M. Fischer, I.H. Rogers, T. He, P. Sather, and R.F. Lamb. 2001. A comprehensive multiresidue ultra-trace analytical method, based on HRGC/HRMS, for the determination of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, PCDEs, and organohalogen pesticides in six different environmental matrices. Can. Data Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci., 2389, 1-95
  9. Kallenborn, R., M. Oehme, D.D. Wynn-Williams, M. Schlabach, and J. Harris. 1998. Ambient air levels and atmospheric long-range transport of persistent organochlorines to Signy Island, Antarctica. Sci. Total Environ., 220, 167- 180 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00257-5
  10. Larsson, P., C. Jarnmark, and A. Sodergren. 1992. PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in the atmosphere and aquatic organisms of Ross Island, Antarctica. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 25, 281-287 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(92)90683-W
  11. Mackay, D. 2001. Multimedia Environmental Models: The Fugacity Approach, 2nd ed. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida
  12. Montone, R.C., S. Taniguchi, J. Sericano, R.R. Weber, and W.H. Lara. 2001. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in Antarctic macroalgae Desmarestia sp. Sci. Total Environ., 277, 181-186 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00876-7
  13. Montone, R.C., S. Taniguchi, and R.R. Weber. 2003. PCBs in the atmosphere of King George Island, Antarctica. Sci. Total Environ., 308, 167-173 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00649-6
  14. Shen, L., F. Wania, Y.D. Lei, C. Teixeira, D.C.G. Muir, and T.F. Bidleman. 2004. Hexachlorocyclohexanes in the North American atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 965-975 https://doi.org/10.1021/es034998k
  15. Shen, L., F. Wania, Y.D. Lei, C. Teixeira, D.C.G. Muir, and T.F. Bidleman. 2005. Atmospheric distribution and longrange transport behavior of organochlorine pesticides in North America. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 409-420 https://doi.org/10.1021/es049489c
  16. Shen, L., F. Wania, Y.D. Lei, C. Teixeira, D.C.G. Muir, and H. Xiao. 2006. Polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the North American atmosphere. Environ. Pollut., 144, 434-444 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.054
  17. UNEP. 2007. Stockholm Convention. [cited 2007. 6. 18]
  18. Wania, F. and D. Mackay. 1993. Global fractionation and cold condensation of low volatility organochlorine compounds in polar regions. Ambio, 22, 10-18
  19. Wania, F. and D. Mackay. 1995. A global distribution model for persistent organic chemicals. Sci. Total Environ., 160/ 161, 211-232 https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04358-8
  20. Wania, F. and D. Mackay. 1996. Tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants. Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 390A-397A https://doi.org/10.1021/es962399q
  21. Wania, F., L. Shen, Y.D. Lei, C. Teixeira, and D.C.G. Muir. 2003. Development and calibration of a resin-based passive sampling system for monitoring persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 1352-1359 https://doi.org/10.1021/es026166c

Cited by

  1. Prediction of Concentrations and Congener Patterns of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Korea Using Historical Emission Data and a Multimedia Environmental Model vol.24, pp.2, 2008, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2008.24.2.249
  2. A simple and rapid analysis for gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using an organic-solvent-based method vol.89, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.022