• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2003

This research has been conducted to examine the cognition and attitude of nursing students on Oriental Nursing, the subject of this research being 789 nursing students from 9 different universities who took the Oriental Nursing class. A questionnaire, the construct validity and reliability of which have been verified through enquiries into records and references as well as preliminary researches, was used as a research tool. The questionnaire, a set of 86 questions, was developed by the researchers of this study, and the reliability of the questionnaire is Cronbach's=.85. The collected data have been analysed using SPSS windows programme 11.0 for t-test and ANOVA, and the results are as follows: 1. There was a significant difference in cognition and attitude points according to the academic year (F=14.15, p=.000). After the post-hoc test, it was revealed that the points of the students in their 4th year were significantly higher than the points of the students in their 2nd or 3rd year. 2. There was a significant difference in cognition and attitude points according to the credits the students have taken (F=28.66, p=.000). After the post-hoc test, it was revealed that the points of the students who have taken from $3{\sim}5$ to $6{\sim}8$ credits were significantly higher than the points of those who have taken from 1 to 2 credits. 3. There was a significant difference in cognition and attitude points according to the period of time the students have experienced Oriental Nursing (F=32.06, p=.000). After the post-hoc test, it was revealed that the points of the students who have practised Oriental Nursing from 1 to 2 weeks were significantly higher than the points of those who have not practised it at all. 4. There was no significant difference in cognition and attitude points according to the treatment or hospitalisation of the students themselves or their family members. 5. The cognition and attitude points of the students who are deeply interested in Oriental Nursing were significantly higher than the points of those who are not (t=8.83, p=.000). 6. The cognition and attitude points of the students who have higher expectations for the development of Oriental Nursing were significantly higher than the points of those who have not(t=5.90, p=.000). 7. The cognition and attitude points of the students who believe that the Oriental Nursing will contribute to the expansion of the roles of nurses were significantly higher than the points of those who do not (t=6.60, p=.000). 8. The cognition and attitude points of the students who expect that the Oriental Nursing will be effective in prevention of chronic diseases were significantly higher than the points of those who do not (t=5.80, p=.000). According to the results above, it was confirmed that proper education on Oriental Nursing can have affirmative effects on the cognition and attitude of the nursing students towards Oriental Nursing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.143-156
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• 2014

We reviewed investigation status on turbidity plume in the statement of marine environmental survey(2008 to 2012) associated with marine sand extraction projects. The survey statement from seven marine sand extraction sites (extraction area of Southern EEZ, extraction area of Western EEZ, relocation zone in the Western EEZ, sea area under jurisdiction of Taean-gun, sea area under jurisdiction of Ansan City, and two discrete sea areas under jurisdiction of Ongjin-gun) in the nearshore and offshore of Korea showed that in situ observations were carried out for the dispersion and transport of suspended sediments on two areas (One is a extraction area in the EEZs, the other is an area of coastal sites). However, sampling station and range have not been selected considering physical, geographical factors (tide, wave, stratification, water depth, etc.) and weather conditions (wind direction and velocity, fetch, duration, etc). Especially turbidity plumes originating from three sources, which include suspended sediments in overflow(or overspill) discharged from spillways and reject chutes of dredging vessel, and resuspended sediments from draghead at the seabed, may be transported to a far greater distance outside the boundary of the extraction site and have undesirable impacts on the marine environment and ecosystem. We address that behaviour of environmental pollutants such as suspended solids, nutrients, and metals should be extensively monitored and diagnosed during the dispersion and transport of the plume. Finally we suggest the necessity to supplement the current system of the sea area utilization consultation and establish the combined guidelines on marine sand extraction to collect basic data, to monitor cumulative effects, and to minimize environmental damages incurred by the aftermath of sand extraction.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to utilize Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) to analyze intracerebral regional distributions (hot spot) of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases which were characterized by stenosis and occlusion cerebral vasculature, except for cerebrovascular diseases induced by rupture of cerebral vasculature in terms of Korean people's cerebrovascular diseases, so that it could apply the findings of analysis to clinical practices. This study focused only on analyzing intracerebral regional distributions of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases that are characterized by stenosis and occlusion cerebral vasculature, because there are different etiologic mechanisms of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases like hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases (caused by rupture of cerebral vasculature) and cerebral infarction (induced by atheromatous arteriosclerosis). As a result, this study could come to the following findings of analysis: 1. According to sex ratio analysis, it was found that male group comprised larger portion of total 626 subjects in this study than female one (55.0% > 45.0%). 2. According to analysis on actual intracerebral regional distributions of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, it was found that most subjects (37.5 %) were attacked by such diseases on the right side of cerebral vasculature, which was followed by left side of cerebral vasculature (35.1%) and bilateral cerebral vasculature (27.3%) respectively. 3. According to analysis on actual intracerebral regional distributions of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, it was found that internal carotid artery (ICA) comprised the largest portion (38.9%) of those distributions, which was followed by middle cerebral artery (MCA, 35.7%), posterior cerebral artery (PCA, 13.4%), anterior cerebral artery (ACA, 6.0%) and vertebral artery (VA, 3.3%) respectively. 4. It was found that there was no subject attacked by any disease on A-com region, and there was only one male subject attacked by cerebrovascular diseases on P-com region. 5. It was found that female group was more susceptible to the attack of cerebrovascular diseases on MCA region than male one (54.6% > 42.2%), which means significant differences depending upon sex on statistical basis ($x^2$ = 9.64, p < .01). 6. It was found that male group was more susceptible to the attack of cerebrovascular diseases on ICA region (56.4% > 46.8%), which means significant differences depending upon sex on statistical basis ($x^2$ = 5.71, p < .05). 7. Moreover, it was also found that male group was more susceptible to the attack of cerebrovascular diseases on BA region (2.3% > 0.4%), which means significant differences depending upon sex on statistical basis ($x^2$ = 4.25, p < .05). 8. However, it was found that there was not any significant difference in intracerebral vasculature-specific distributions of cerebrovascular diseases depending on age of subjects, and stenosis comprised larger portion of cerebrovascular diseases than occlusion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1397-1407
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• 2017

The aim of a school attendance policy (SAP) is to ensure breakfast time for school-aged adolescents. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of SAP on dietary behavior, particularly breakfast consumption, among adolescent middle school students (n=426) in the Ansan area of Gyeonggi-do. After implementation of the SAP, the response rates for eating breakfast every-day among boys (P>0.05) and girls (P<0.05) slightly increased by 44.6% and 35.8%, respectively, compared to before the SAP. Further, the degree of satisfaction with breakfast increased among both boys ('satisfied' and 'strongly satisfied'; 32.4% and 21.6%, respectively) (P<0.01) and girls ('satisfied' and 'strongly satisfied'; 32.8% and 14.2%, respectively) (P<0.001) compared to before the SAP. Moreover, boys (56.8%) and girls (53.9%) were aware that the SAP increased breakfast-eating frequency. Increases in deep sleep as a result of the SAP were high in both boys (39.2%) and girls (47.1%), and sleeping hours among boys (P<0.05) and girls (P<0.01) increased compared to before the SAP. The respondents were aware of the positive effects on physical function such as reduction of physical fatigue (boys 40.1%, girls 38.2%) and improvement of physical health (boys 36.5%, girls 32.8%). Thus, systematic and sustained political support at the national level is required to encourage healthy breakfast eating and physical activity in middle school students.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2014

The purpose of this research are to investigate and analyze requests of middle school students, parents and people in charge of human resources of industrial institutions and to suggest implications which are necessary to establish vocational high schools in Asan area. To achieve them, demands, for the establishment of vocational high schools, requests of desirable department, area, etc. which are recognized by middle school students, parents and people in charge of human resources of industrial institutions in Asan-si were surveyed and analyzed. The subjects of the survey were students and parents who were selected from one third grade class out of each of all the middle schools of Ansan-si. Also, for the people in charge of human resources of industrial institutions, industrial institutions including more than 10 employees were firstly sampled and selected. The number of students analyzed is 484, parents 458, industrial institutions 81, the results are as follows. First, among the third graders, there were 18.5% students who wanted to enter vocational high schools and 72.6% students that replied saying they may enter if vocational schools are established in Asan-si. Among them, 8.8% students replied that they will definitely enter. Second, among the parents, 30.8% wanted their children to enter vocational high schools and 76.9% replied that they may enter if vocational high schools are established in Asan-si. Among them, 8.4% replied that their children will enter certainly. Third, people in charge of human resources of industrial institutions replied that they may recruit 98.8 percent of graduates of vocational high schools in Asan area. Among them, they replied that 17.3% will be recruited certainly. For the replies of recruitment time, there were 49.4% of 'within 1 year', 30.9% of 'within 1~5 years' and for working, there were 60.8% of 'mechanical operators and assembly workers' and 31.6% of 'technicians and functional workers'. Fourth, for the most preferred departments when establishing vocational high schools in Asan-si, middle school students wanted hospitality management, parents were for electricity and electronics, industrial institutions replied with vehicle mechanics. By affiliation, more than the half of respondents wanted industrial affiliation. Fifth, for the most preferred departments when establishing vocational high schools in Asan-si, middle school students and parents preferred Onyang-dong, industrial institutions preferred Dunpo-myeon. Results showed that the most desirable areas were in the vicinity of one's own residential area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.60-76
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the spatial and visual arrangement characteristics of Imsil Yi Ung-jae's old house's spatial and visual aspects in order to discover the value of landscape and traditional house garden. The results of this study are as follows. Dongchon-village in Dundeok-ri, where old house is located, is a typical form of with "Back to the mountain and facing the water(背山臨水)", and is located in the north of the three streams of water, forming a Jeonchaghugwan(前窄後寬). Dongchon Village, which has a traditional scenic spot between Danguidae(丹丘臺) and Samgyeseokmun(三溪石門), is understood to be the main street of Nojeokbong Peak and Gyegwanbong Peak, which is Ansan(案山), where the "A centipede flying in the sky(飛天蜈蚣形)". Yi Ung-jae's old house is the oldest existing high-priced house in the North Jeolla region and the closing price of a royal family of the Joseon Dynasty, which was arranged by Chunseongjeong(春城正), Yi Dam-son(李聃孫) in the mid-16C. The Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and Japanese colonial era, the loyalty of the gate quarters, the filial piety of the gate quarters, and the faithfulness of the tablet(扁額) and Juryeons(柱聯) are enough to contribute to the rise of the value of a physical house. The men's quarters(Sarangchae), which are placed on a high-pocket or a layout without going against the sloping terrain, have the effect of making the distance as far as possible, enhancing its dignity and hierarchy as a royal building. In addition, the entrance to the main quarters(Anchae) through the four pillar gates(四柱門), the extensive support and the appropriation of the Chaewon(vegetable garden), and the official base for the Anchae are very unique compared to the general nobility. However, in the context of the postwar relationship, the shrine seeks to realize Confucian ideals while harmonizing with nature by arranging wide sponsorships around it. On the other hand, it is confirmed that there was a pond in the form of a circle in a square(方池圓島型) with a relatively large area, which is now disturbed and damaged. Written by the high priced planting species are sponsored pine trees, hackberry, persimmon trees, Japanese apricot flower, Ohmomiji, and plum tree in the side garden, as well as cotyledon trees in the outside garden. However, although flower bed(花階), which is built on the stone axis, is a place that clearly shows the expensive garden, it seems to have lost the texture of the plant due to the extremely high variety of species and the splendor that does not match the plant landscape of the flower world. Yi Ung-jae's old house is highly valuable as it is a portrait house of a prince of the blood in the mid-Joseon Dynasty. Based on these findings, this study proposed a plan to improve the management of high prices that could be met.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2005

By analyzing the severally clinical characteristics such as the prevalence by gender and age, and the developmental region, and the developmental factor in terms of vertebral compression fracture, which was diagnosed by MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging), the following conclusions were obtained. 1. The general characteristics in 183 research subjects, were 70 men (38.0%) and 113 women (62.0%), and aged from the minimum 16 years old to the maximum 84 years old. 2. Among 183 persons with abnormal findings in vertebral compression fracture, the single compression fracture was included 111 persons (60.7%) with 38 men (34.0%) and 73 women (66.0%), and women in their 60s were largest with 32 persons. 3. As the multiple compression fracture was included 72 persons (39.3%) among 183 research subjects, and as the incidence had 182 cases, this is what classified the case in which one person with abnormal findings has the compression fracture at the levels with more than one, and there were 70 cases (38.0%) in men and 112 cases (62.0%) in women, and it is being indicated the large frequency in women in their 60s and in their 70s. 4. The developmental regions in the single compression fracture and the multiple compression fracture, were generated about 70% of the whole at $T11{\sim}L2$. 5. In terms of the prevalence by cause for compression fracture in 183 whole subjects, it was largest with 41.4% in the fracture caused by trauma in case of men, and with 70.0% in what was caused by the osteoporosis in case of women, and as for a case that combined men and women, it was largest with 56.8% in the vertebral compression fracture caused by osteoporosis.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2012

The aims of this study are to assess external radiation exposed doses of body and hands of nuclear medicine workers who handle radiation sources, and to measure radiation exposed doses of the hands induced by a whole body bone scan with high frequency and handling a radioactive sources like $^{99m}Tc$-HDP and $^{18}F$-FDG in the PET/CT examination. Skillful workers, who directly dispense and inject from radiation sources, were asked to wear a TLD on the chest and ring finger. Then, radiation exposed dose and duration exposed from daily radiation sources for each section were measured by using a pocket dosimeter for the accumulated external doses and the absorbed dose to the hands. In the survey of four medical institutions in Incheon Metropolitan City, only one of four institutions has a radiation dosimeter for local area like hands. Most of institutions uses radiation shielding devices for the purpose of protecting the body trunk, not local area. Even some institutions were revealed not to use such a shielding device. The exposed doses on the hands of nuclear medicine workers who directly handles radioactive sources were approximately twice as much as those on the body. The radiation exposure level for each section of the whole body bone scan with high frequency and that of the PET/CT examination showed that radiation doses were revealed in decreasing order of synthesis of radioactive medicine and installation to a dispensing container, dispensing, administering and transferring. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences of radiation exposure doses of the hands before and after wearing a syringe shielder in administration of a radioactive sources. In this study, although it did not reach the permissible effective dose for nuclear medicine, the occupational workers were exposed by relatively higher dose level than the non-occupational workers. Therefore, the workers, who closely exposed to radioactive sources should be in compliance with safety management regulations, and take actions to maximally reduce locally exposed dose to hands monitoring with ring TLD.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.199-218
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine obese children's self-efficiency feeling and health promotion behavior in order to provide basic information on prevention of children obesity. Data were collected in June, 2001 from 349 normal weight children and 351 obese children, who were fifth or sixth graders at 14 primary schools located in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Ansan, chungju, and Gumi. The data were analyzed through using Chronbach's $\alpha$, frequency analysis, $X^2-test$, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study can be summarized as follow. 1. The factor of children obesity was significantly different in the variables of sex, parents obesity, brother or sister obesity, father's occupation, level of living, health condition, and satisfaction level with their bodies. On the other hand, it was not significantly different in the variables of father's education level, mother's education level, mother's occupation, level of father's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. 2. In the case of normal weight children, dietary efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of level of father's concern about health and level of children's concern about health. In th case of obese children, the dietary efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of mother obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, exercise efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the exercise efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of grade, brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, social efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the social efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of parents' education level, father's occupation, level of living, the children's health condition, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. 3. In the case of normal weight children, personal hygiene was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the personal hygiene was significantly different in the variables of parents' education level, father's occupation, mother's occupation, level of living, and level of parents' concern about health. In the case of normal weight children, dietary habit was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the dietary habit was significantly different in the variables of father's education level, mother's education level, level of living, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, exercise habit was significantly different in the variables of grade, sex, father's education level, mother's education level, and level of children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the exercise habit was significantly different in the variables of grade, mother obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, level of parent' concern about health, the children's health condition, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, prevention of infectious diseases was significantly different in the variables of sex, father's occupation, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the prevention of infectious diseases was significantly different in the variables of mother's education level and father's occupation. In the case of normal weight children, prevention of accident was significantly different in the variables of mother's education level, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the prevention of accident was significantly different in the variables of brother and sister obesity and mother's occupation. In the case of normal weight children, mental health was significantly different in the variables of father obesity, brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the mental health was significantly different in the variables of parents' educational level, father's occupation, mother's occupation, level of living, and the children's health condition. 4. According to the correlation between self-efficiency feeling and health promotion behavior, the higher the self-efficiency feeling was, the higher the level of health promotion behavior was. 5. The children obesity was influenced by the factors of level of living, level of parents' concern about health, the children's health condition, level of the children's concern about health, the children's satisfaction level with their bodies, dietary efficiency feeling, exercise efficiency feeling, social efficiency feeling, personal hygiene, dietary habit, exercise habit, prevention of infectious diseases, prevention of accident, and mental health. From the results of this study, it is clear that obese children's self-efficiency feeling is closely related with health promotion behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen children's self-efficiency feeling in order to make children control efficiently obesity for themselves.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.435-442
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• 2010

The study analyzed the effects of salt concentration [high salt (HS) and low salt (LS)] and sodium nitrite ($NaNO_2$), which are typically utilized in Korean processing facilities, on fatty acid composition, free amino acids, microbial counts and sensory characteristics of processed dry-cured ham. Four different treatments were considered: three hams (11.30 kg) salted with 92 g/kg salt (w/w) (HS), three hams (10.65 kg) treated with HS and 100 ppm $NaNO_2$ (HS+$NaNO_2$), three hams (11.42 kg) salted with 62 g/kg salt (w/w) (LS), and three hams (10.62 kg) treated with LS and 100 ppm $NaNO_2$ (LS+$NaNO_2$). Fatty acid composition analysis revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher saturated fatty acid and lower (p<0.05) unsaturated fatty acid in the HS+$NaNO_2$ group compared with the other groups. Glutamate, alanine and lysine free amino acids were higher than the other free amino acids. The processing conditions did not significantly affect the free amino acids of biceps femoris muscles, except for the proline content (p>0.05). In sensory evaluation, the fermentation aroma of the LS group was higher than that of the HS group. The aerobic counts consistently ranged from from $2.3{\times}10^2$ to $1.11{\times}10^4$ CFU/g. Escherichia coli including strain O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. were not detected.