• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.566-571
• /
• 2006

A sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) operated with a cycle of anaerobic - aerobic - anoxic - aerobic has been evaluated for the nutrient removal characteristics. The sponge-like moving media was filled to about 10% of reactor volume. The sewage was the major substrate while external synthetic carbon substrate was added to the anoxic stage to enhance the nitrogen removal. The operational results indicated that maximum T-N and T-P removal efficiencies were 97% and 94%, respectively were achieved, while COD removal of 92%. The observations of significant nitrogen removal in the first aerobic stage indicated that nitrogen removal behaviour in this SBBR was different to conventional SBR. Although the reasons for aerobic nitrogen removal has speculated to either simultaneous nitrification and denitrification or anoxic denitrification inside of the media, further researches are required to confirm the observation. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) test with biofilm and suspended growth sludge indicated that biofilm in SBBR played a major role to remove substrates.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.994-1001
• /
• 2001

An easier way of understanding the BNR system was proposed from the study on substrate, nutrient removal tendency, microbial community and its metabolic function by applying the municipal settled sewage. During the anaerobic period, the phosphorus release rate per VFACOD we varied depending on the phosphorus content in the sludge. When the phosphorus content in the sludge was $6\%$ VSS, according to influent VFACOD, the phosphorus release rate and PHA production were $0.35 gPO_4P/gVFACOD$ and 1.0 gPHA/gVFACOD, respectively. The $NO_3N$ requirement for the phosphorus uptake as an electron acceptor was about $0.5 gNO_3N/gPO_4P_{uptake}$ based on the proposed equation with PHA, biomass, production, and the concentration of phosphorus release/uptake. Bacterial-community analysis of the sludge, as determined by FISH and 16SrDNA characterization FISH, revealed that the beta-subclass proteobacteria were the most abundant group ($27.9\%$ of the proteobacteria-specific probe EUB338), and it was likely that representative of the beta-subclass played key roles in activated sludge. The next dominant group found was the gamma-protebacteria ($15.4\%$ of probe EUB338). 16S rDNA clone library analysis showed that the members of${\beta}$- and ${\gamma}$-proteobacteria were also the most abundant groups, and $21.5\%$ (PN2 and PN4) and $15.4\%$ (PN1 and PN5) of total clones were the genera of denitrifying bacteria and PAO, respectively. Prediction of the microbial community composition was made with phosphorus content (Pv, $\%$ P/VSS) in wasted sludge and profiles of COD, PHA, $PO_4P,\;and\;NO_3N$ in an anaerobic-anoxic SBR unit. Generally, the predicted microbial composition based upon metabolic function, i.e., as measured by stoichiometry, is fairly similar to that measure by the unculturable dependent method. In this study, a proposal was made on he microbial community composition that was more easily approached to analyze the reactor behavior.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.1 s.88
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal sewage depending on existence of biological coated media in BCM reactor. The reactor with biological coated media is the process combining $A_2/O$ process. The removal efficiencies for $COD_{Mn},\; BOD_5,\;SS$, T-N and T-P were $78\%,\;90.5\%,\;92.3\%,\;61.9\%,\;60.2\%$, respectively. The specific nitrification rate$(mgNO_3-N/gMLSS{\cdot}d)$ of Contact aeration basin was 52.2 and the specific denitrification rate$(mgNO_3N/gMLSS{\cdot}d)$ in anoxic basin was 95.1. Also, phosphorus release$(mgPO_4-P/gMLSS{\cdot}d)$ in Anaerobic basin was 71.8 and Phosphorus uptake$(mgPO_4-P/gMLSS{\cdot}d)$ in contact aeration was 27.1.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the variation of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus in $(AO)_2$ SBBR process according to the variation of operating cycle at the high TOC concentration. The operation time in anoxic (anaerobic) time to oxic time was 1:1. Three lab-scale SBBRS were fed with synthetic wastewater based on glucose as carbon source, The variation of total TOC removal was similar each other irrespective of operation time, however, the TOC concentrations in SBBRs showed a little difference according to the operating condition. In SBBR, complete nitrification was not occurred at all reactors, however, R3 showed a higher nitrification than R2. And in SBBR, the variation of operating time more affected at phosphorus removal than nitrogen removal. R2 which had the shortest time at the 1st aeration time showed the lowest phosphorus release and uptake efficacy.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to develop INSUB(Indirected Aerated Submerged Biofilter) which can remove organics, nitrogen and phosphorus with an advanced treatment system. The results were as followed in laboratory model experiment. As for treatment of sewage, when economical efficiency was considered in practice, the highest removal efficiency was at 18hr of HRT, 1.017m/hr of superficial velocity and 40% of media packing ratio. Each removal efficiency for $COD_{cr}$, $COD_{Mn}$, $BOD_5$, T-N, and T-P was 90.6, 85.3, 95.0, 52.3 and 56.8%. To remove the nitrogen and phosphorus With high efficiency, first of all, denitrification have to be completed, then uptake of phosphorus have to completed. Therefor, mixture of anoxic and aerobic reactor was necessary for the high removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in INSUB.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.322-329
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of BIO-CLOD on advanced wastewater treatment for enhanced removal efficiency and meeting the stringent discharge water requirements of wastewater treatment plants. Methods: Two experimental apparatuses consisting of anaerobic, anoxic and aeration tanks were operated. One included a BIO-CLOD cultivation tank. Organic and nutrient parameters and removal efficiency were analyzed by pH, BOD, CODcr, SS, T-N and T-P. Results: The average removal efficiencies of BOD, COD and SS from the apparatus with BIO-CLOD tank installation were 95.5%, 88.6% and 92.9%, respectively, and these were higher than the results from the apparatus without BIO-CLOD. The average TP removal efficiency with BIO-CLOD tank marked 56.0%, higher than the 47.3% from the apparatus without one. BIO-CLOD showed a higher performance for TN removal at 49.6%, compared to the result without BIO-CLOD of 34.3% Conclusion: By reaction with BIO-CLOD, ammonia removal was effective in the aeration tank, as was phosphorus release in the anaerobic tank. Phosphorus luxury uptake and nitrification in aeration tank proceeded smoothly. The application of BIO-CLOD can improve the decrease of odor and settleability of activated sludge in a wastewater treatment plant, as well as increase the removal efficiency of organic and nutrient materials in water.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.479-484
• /
• 2013

This study was performed to examine the effect of copper on the biodegradability, nitrification, denitrification and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) using batch reactor and continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) of anaerobic/anoxic/oxic ($A_2/O$). The results of this study can be summarized as follows. In the case of the effect of copper on organic treatment, the bad effect initiated when it was above 4.5 mg/L copper with batch reactor and above 2.0 mg/L copper with CSTR. Concerning the case on nitrification and removal of nitrogen, it showed bad effect when copper was above 4.5 mg/L with batch reactor for nitrification and 1.0 mg/L with CSTR for the removal of nitrogen. The bad effect on the removal of phosphorus began when it was 4.5 mg/L copper with batch reactor and 2 mg/L copper with CSTR. In the case of OUR, it decreased as microbial activity was affected when copper concentration was above 1.5 mg/L in both case of batch reactor and CSTR.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.228-233
• /
• 2015

This study was performed to examine the effect of zinc on the biodegradability, nitrification, denitrification and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) using batch reactor and continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) of anaerobic/anoxic/oxic ($A^2/O$). The results of this study can be summarized as follows. In the case of the effect of zinc on organic treatment, zinc had no effect up to 12 mg/L with batch reactor but biodegradability was lowered when it was above 3.0 mg/L with CSTR. Concerning the case on nitrification and removal of nitrogen, nitrification rate was lowered when zinc was above 6.0 mg/L with batch reactor and removal rate of nitrogen was lowered when zinc was above 3.0 mg/L with CSTR. Removal rate of phosphorus was lowered when it was above 6.0 mg/L zinc with batch reactor and above 3.0 mg/L zinc with CSTR. In the case of OUR, it decreased as microbial activity was affected when zinc concentration was above 3.0 mg/L in CSTR.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nutrient removal of municipal wastewater in membrane bioreactor system. Membrane bioreactor consists of four reactors such as the anaerobic, the stabilization, the anoxic and the submerged membrane aerobic reactor with two internal recycles. The hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT) and flux were 6.2 h, 34.1 days and 19.6 L/$m^2$/hr (LMH), respectively. The removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$, SS, TN and TP were 94.3%, 99.9%, 69.4%, and 74.6%, respectively. The estimated true biomass yield, specific denitrification rate (SDNR), specific nitrification rate (SNR), specific phosphorus release rate (SPRR) and specific phosphorus uptake rate (SPUR) were 0.653 kgVSS/kgBOD/d, 0.044 $mgNO_3$-N/mgVSS/d, 0.035 $mgNH_4$-N/mgVSS/d, 51.0 mgP/gVSS/d and 5.4 mgP/gVSS/d, respectively. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus of biomass were 8.86% and 3.5% on an average.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.30 no.10
• /
• pp.992-998
• /
• 2008

Recently, a new concept for nitrogen removal that is simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND) has been studied for wastewater treatment process. The DMR(Daiho Microbic Revolution) process that used in this study consists of two suspended anoxic, anaerobic reactors and an aerobic biofilm reactor. The function of aerobic environment and the intensity of air flow rate(2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.4, 0.2 L/min) were studied in the biofilm reactor; also SND and nutrient removal efficiencies were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the change in air flow did not affect COD$_{Cr}$ removal significantly. Thus sustained at 93%. The lower the air flow rate, the higher T-N removal efficiency was attained(i.e.80% at 0.2 L/min). SND efficiency was 62, 65, 72 and 78% corresponding to each air flow rate. T-P removal was sensitive to aeration intensity and removal enhanced from 75% to 96% when the air flow rate was changed from 2.0 to 0.5 L/m; however second release occured in the clarifier at 0.2 L/min. Phosphorus content of activated sludge was 5.0%, as P releases and acetate uptake a ratio of 0.75 mg P/ mg HAc.