• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.527-534
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• 2019

Although ground investigation had carried out prior to the construction, many problems have arisen during the civil-engineering works because of the presence of the unexpected underground utility lines or anomalies. In this study, a new geophysical exploration method was developed to solve those problems by improving and supplementing the existing methods. This new method was based on the difference of electrical resistance values between anomalies and surrounding ground medium. A theoretical expression was suggested to define the characteristics of the anomalies such as location, size and direction, by applying the electric field analysis. An inverse analysis algorithm was also developed to solve the theoretical expression using the measured electrical resistance values which were generated by the voltage flowing the subsurface medium. To verify the developed method, field applications were conducted at the sites under construction or planned. From the results of the field tests, it was found that not only the new method was more predictive than the existing methods, but its results were good agreed with the measured ones. Therefore, it is expected that application of the new exploration method reduces the unexpected accidents caused by the underground uncertainties during the underground construction works.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2018

Because of its embryonic origin, the thyroid gland is predisposed to multiple anatomical variations and developmental anomalies. These include the pyramidal lobe, the origin of levator glandular thyroidae, the absence of the isthmus, ectopic thyroid, accessory thyroid tissues, etc. These anatomical variations are clinically significant to surgeons, anatomists, and researchers. The present study was designed to report anatomical variations and developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland in Ethiopian population. The study was conducted on 40 cadavers used for routine dissection classes. The thyroid gland was exposed and observed for any variations and developmental anomalies. The length, width, and thickness of the lobes were measured using a vernier caliper. Differences in the incidence of pyramidal lobe and absence of the isthmus between sexes were tested using a Pearson chi-square test. The mean length, width, and thickness of the right lobe were 4.24 cm, 1.8 cm, and 1.6 cm, respectively, whereas it was 4.08 cm, 1.8 cm, and 1.6 cm, respectively for that of the left lobe. The pyramidal lobe was noted in 52.5% of the cadavers. The levator glandulae thyroidae were prevalent in 40% of the cadavers. The isthmus mainly overlies the 2nd to 4th tracheal rings and was absent in 7.5% of the cadavers. Accessory thyroid tissue and double pyramidal lobes were noted in 2.5% of the cadavers. Most of the variations of the thyroid gland were seen frequently in female but it was not statically significant. Different clinically important and rare variations of the thyroid gland were found.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.665-685
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• 2021

This study focused on the a 20-year evaluation of the dynamism of critical thermal anomalies in Busan metropolitan area prompted by unusual infrastructural development and demographic growth rate. Archived Landsat thermal data derived-LST was the major input for UTFVI and hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi^*). Results revealed that the surface urban heat island-affected area has gradually expanded overtime from 23.32% to 32.36%; while the critical positive thermal anomalies (level-3 hotspots) have also spatially increased from 19.88% in 2000 to 23.56% in 2020, recording a net LST difference of > 5℃ between the maximum level-3 hotspot and minimum level-3 coldspot each year. It is been observed that thermal conditions of Busan have gradually deteriorated with time, which is potentially inherent in the rate of urban expansion. Thus, this work serves as an eye-opener to powers that be, to think and act constructively towards a sustainable thermal conform for city dwellers.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2022

Detecting anomalies in human movement is an important task in industrial applications, such as monitoring industrial disasters or accidents and recognizing unauthorized factory intruders. In this paper, we propose an abnormal worker movement detection system based on data stream processing and hierarchical clustering. In the proposed system, Apache Spark is used for streaming the location data of people. A hierarchical clustering-based anomalous trajectory detection algorithm is designed for detecting anomalies in human movement. The algorithm is integrated into Apache Spark for detecting anomalies from location data. Specifically, the location information is streamed to Apache Spark using the message queuing telemetry transport protocol. Then, Apache Spark processes and stores location data in a data frame. When there is a request from a client, the processed data in the data frame is taken and put into the proposed algorithm for detecting anomalies. A real mobility trace of people is used to evaluate the proposed system. The obtained results show that the system has high performance and can be used for a wide range of industrial applications.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2022

The deployment of advanced structural health monitoring (SHM) systems in large-scale civil structures collects large amounts of data. Note that these data may contain multiple types of anomalies (e.g., missing, minor, outlier, etc.) caused by harsh environment, sensor faults, transfer omission and other factors. These anomalies seriously affect the evaluation of structural performance. Therefore, the effective analysis and mining of SHM data is an extremely important task. Inspired by the deep learning paradigm, this study develops a novel generative adversarial network (GAN) and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based data anomaly detection approach for SHM. The framework of the proposed approach includes three modules : (a) A three-channel input is established based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Gramian angular field (GAF) method; (b) A GANomaly is introduced and trained to extract features from normal samples alone for class-imbalanced problems; (c) Based on the output of GANomaly, a CNN is employed to distinguish the types of anomalies. In addition, a dataset-oriented method (i.e., multistage sampling) is adopted to obtain the optimal sampling ratios between all different samples. The proposed approach is tested with acceleration data from an SHM system of a long-span bridge. The results show that the proposed approach has a higher accuracy in detecting the multi-pattern anomalies of SHM data.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the distribution, side involvement, phenotype, and associated anomalies of Korean patients with craniofacial clefts (CFC). Methods: The samples consisted of 38 CFC patients, who were treated at Seoul National University Dental Hospital during 1998-2018. The Tessier cleft type, sex, side involvement, phenotype, and associated anomalies were investigated using non-parametric statistical analysis. Results: The three most common types were #7 cleft, followed by #0 cleft and #14 cleft. There was no difference between the frequency of male and female. Patients with #0 cleft exhibited nasal deformity, bony defect, and missing teeth in the premaxilla, midline cleft lip, and eye problems. A patient with #3 cleft (unilateral type) exhibited bilateral cleft lip and alveolus. All patients with #4 cleft were the bilateral type, including a combination of #3 and #4 clefts, and had multiple missing teeth. A patient with #5 cleft (unilateral type) had a posterior openbite. In patients with #7 cleft, the unilateral type was more prevalent than the bilateral type (87.0% vs. 13.0%, p < 0.001). Sixteen patients showed hemifacial microsomia (HFM), Goldenhar syndrome, and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). There was a significant match in the side involvement of #7 cleft and HFM (87.5%, p < 0.01). Patients with #14 cleft had plagiocephaly, UCLP, or hyperterorbitism. A patient with #30 cleft exhibited tongue tie and missing tooth. Conclusions: Due to the diverse associated craniofacial anomalies in patients with CFC, a multidisciplinary approach involving a well-experienced cooperative team is mandatory for these patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2016

Background The vermilion plays an important role in both the aesthetic and functional aspects of facial anatomy. Due to its structural features, the complete excision of vascular anomalies on the vermilion is challenging, making it difficult to determine the appropriate treatment strategy. Thus, the authors analyzed the results of surgical treatment of vascular anomalies on the vermilion. Methods The medical records of 38 patients with vascular anomalies on the vermilion who underwent surgery from 1995 to 2013 were analyzed. Nine of the cases had an involuted hemangioma, and 29 cases had a vascular malformation; of the vascular malformations, 13, 11, one, and four cases involved were capillary malformations (CMs), venous malformations (VMs), lymphatic malformations (LMs), and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), respectively. We investigated the surgical methods used to treat these patients, the quantity of surgical procedures, complications and instances of recurrence, and self-assessed satisfaction scores. Results A total of 50 operations were carried out: 28 horizontal partial excisions, eight vertical partial excisions, and 14 operations using other surgical methods. All cases of AVM underwent complete excision. Six cases experienced minor complications and one case of recurrence was observed. The overall average satisfaction score was 4.1 out of 5, while the satisfaction scores associated with each lesion type were 4.2 for hemangiomas, 3.9 for CMs, 4.2 for VMs, 5.0 for LMs, and 4.0 for AVMs. Conclusions It is difficult to completely excise vascular anomalies that involve the vermilion. This study suggests that partial excision focused on correcting the overall contour of the lips is effective and leads to satisfactory results.

• 한국석유지질학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2007

ArcGP 중력자료를 이용하여 다산과학기지가 위치한 북극 스발바드 군도의 중력특성을 파악하였다. 지형자료와 유사한 형태로 분포하는 free-air 중력이상에서 보이던 대륙 연변부의 가장자리 효과는 부게보정 후 보이지 않고, 육상지역의 CTOPO30 지형자료를 이용한 지형보정을 거친 완전 부게 중력이상에서 육상지역에서 해양지역으로 갈수록 중력이상이 증가하는 즉, 모호면의 상승과 관련이 깊은 특성이 관찰된다. 파워스펙트럼 분석을 통해 결정된 절단파수를 이용할 필터링 후 계산된 고주파 영역의 잔여이상에서 육상지역의 단층대를 따라 발달하는 특징적인 고이상대와 두꺼운 퇴적층에서 기인한 저이상대가 나타나며 해양지역 대륙사면의 최하부에서 기반 함몰 내지는 기반암 상부의 두꺼운 퇴적층과 관련이 있는 저이상대가 발달하고 있다. 역산 모델링을 통해 저주파 영역 성분에서 계산된 모호면의 기복은 스발바드 군도에서 유라시안 판 경계인 Knipovich ridge쪽으로 갈수록 상승하는 즉, 대륙주변부에서의 전형적인 특성을 보여준다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2008

태양활동프록시(proxies)와 지구연평균 기온아노말리 시계열을 이용하여 기후변화에서 태양활동신호를 찾아보았다. 이를 위해 Lomb & Scargle의 피어리드그램(Periodgram)을 이용하여 태양활동프록시와 기온아노말리 시계열을 주기분석하였다. 또한 EMD(Empirical Mode Decomposition)과 MODWR MRA(Maxial Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform Multi Resolution Analysis)를 적용하여 두 시계열을 성분분해하고 이들 중 비슷한 주기의 특성을 보이는 성분을 비교하였다. 태양활동프록시는 짧의 주기의 파워가 긴 주기의 파워에 비해서 큰 반면 기온아노말리는 긴 주기에서 더 큰 파워를 보였다 EMD에 의한 성분분해 결과는 약40년보다 긴 주기성을 갖는 성분을 분해해 낼 수 없었지만 잔차 성분은 비교할 수 있었다. MRA에 의한 성분분해를 통해 지구연평균 기온아노말리 시계열에서 태양활동의 변화에 의한 신호를 찾아내었다. 1960년부터 2007년까지 기온상승에 대한 태양의 기여도는 39%로 계산되었다. 기후민감성은 출력신호의 진폭에만 관계하여 기후시스템이 간단한 2계미분방정식으로 근사될 수 있는 가능성에 대해 토의하였다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

A vitelline duct (VD) anomaly is a relatively common congenital abnormality of the umbilical area. The anomalies include patent vitelline duct (PVD), cyst, fistula or sinus. The incidence is approximately 2% of the populations, but development of symptoms is rare. Recently, we experienced two cases; PVD accompanied by a small omphalocele and intestinal volvulus due to mesenteric band between Meckel's diverticulum and the mesentery. Thereafter,we evaluated the data of vitelline duct anomalies for 27 years. From 1980 to 2006, 18 cases of VD anomalies were reviewed based on the hospital records retrospectively. There were 15 boys and 3 girls and age ranged from 2 days to 15 years. Among the 18 cases, 15 cases were symptomatic and consisted of Meckel's diverticulum (10 cases), PVD (4 cases) and umbilical polyp (1 case). Three asymptomatic cases of Meckel's diverticulum were found incidentally were and were observed without resection. Ten cases of Meckel's diverticulum were presented with intestinal bleedings (4 cases), intestinal obstructions (5 cases) and perforation (1 case). Wedge resections and segmental resections of ileum were performed in 8 patients and 2 patients, respectively. Postoperative complications were adhesive ileus (1 case) and wound seroma (1 case). Small omphaloceles were accompanied in two of 4 PVD patients. There was 1 small omphalocele case which was accompanied by a prolapse of ileum. In summary, VD anomalies were more common in male and more than half of them were found in patients less than 1 year of age. PVD was diagnosed most frequently in neonates. Meckel's diverticulum presented with intestinal obstruction more frequently than bleeding.