• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2021

In this study, we examined corrosion behaviors of two types of Pb alloys for a lead acid battery comparatively. One containing 6.6 wt% Sn, 36 mg/kg Bi, and 612.4 mg/kg Ca was prepared by twin-roll continuous casting. The other containing 5.2 wt% Sn, 30.5 mg/kg Ag, and 557 mg/kg Ca was made by twin-belt continuous casting. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed to evaluate corrosion resistance. Cyclic voltammetry was done to examine oxidation and reduction reactions occurring on the surface of each alloy in 4.8 M H₂SO₄ solution. Electrochemical test results implied that the Pb alloy prepared with the twin-belt casting method was less stable than that cast with the twin-roll method. Such results might be due to precipitations formed during the casting process. Rolling did not appear to affect the corrosion behavior of the twin-roll samples with Ag < 10 mg/kg, while it reduced the anodic reaction of Ag on the surface of the twin-belt sample with 30.5 mg/kg Ag.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2022

The cavitation and potentiodynamic polarization experiments were conducted simultaneously to investigate the effect of cavitation amplitude on the super austenitic stainless steel (UNS N08367) electrochemical behavior in seawater. The results of the potentiodynamic polarization experiment under cavitation condition showed that the corrosion current density increased with cavitation amplitude increase. Above oxygen evolution potential, the current density in a static condition was the largest because the anodic dissolution reaction by intergranular corrosion was promoted. In the static condition, intergranular corrosion was mainly observed. However, damage caused by erosion was observed in the cavitation environment. The micro-jet generated by cavity collapse destroyed the corrosion product and promoted the repassivation. So, weight loss occurred the most in static conditions. After the experiment, wave patterns were formed on the surface due to the compressive residual stress caused by the impact pressure of the cavity. Surface hardness was improved by the water cavitation peening effect, and the hardness value was the highest at 30 ㎛ amplitude. UNS N08367 with excellent mechanical performance due to its high hardness showed that cavitation inhibited corrosion damage.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2007

본 논문은 마이크로전극 측정시스템을 사용하여 니켈수소전지의 전극 소재로 사용되고 있는 수산화니켈의 단일 입자에 대해 전기화학적 평가를 수행 하였다. 즉 Carbon fiber 마이크로전극을 수산화니켈 입자 한개 위에 전기적인 접촉을 이루도록 조정하고 전기화학적 평가를 수행하였다. Cyclic Voltammetry 실험 결과 수산화니켈의 산화 환원 반응과 산소 발생 반응(OER)이 명확하게 분리 되고 있음을 확인하였으며, 전위주사속도를 증가 시킬 경우 환원 전하량은 주사 속도에 의존하지 않고 거의 일정한 수치를 보여 주고 있으나, 산화 전하량은 환원 전하량 보다 크고 주사속도 구간에서 부반응인 산소발생이 증가하고 있음을 확인했다. 그리고 Calvanostat에 의한 정전류 충방전 실험의 결과 수산화니켈 단일 입자의 방전용량은 이론용량 289 mAh/g에 근접한 수치(약 250 mAh/g)를 보여 주었으며 또한 Potential Step에 의해 단일 입자내의 수소이온 확산계수($D_{app}=3{\sim}4{\times}10^{-9}\;cm^2/s$)가 얻어졌다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2009

The high alkaline property in the concrete pore solution protects the embedded steel in concrete from corrosion due to aggressive ions attack. However, a continuous supply of those ions, in particular, chlorides altogether with a pH fall in electrochemical reaction on the steel surface eventually depassivate the steel to corrode. To mitigate chloride-induced corrosion in concrete structures, finely grained mineral admixtures, for example, pulverized fuel ash (PFA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and silica fume (SF) have been often advised to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) partially as binder. A consistent assessment of those partial replacements has been rarely performed with respect to the resistance of each binder to corrosion, although the studies for each binder were extensively looked into in a way of measuring the corrosion rate, influence of microstructure or chemistry of chlorides ions with cement hydrations. The paper studies the behavior of steel corrosion, chloride transport, pore structure and buffering capacity of those cementitious binders. The corrosion rate of steel in mortars of OPC, 30% PFA, 60% GGBS and 10% SF respectively, with chloride in cast ranging from 0.0 to 3.0% by weight of binder was measured at 7, 28 and 150 days to determine the chloride threshold level and the rate of corrosion propagation, using the anodic polarization technique. Mercury intrusion porosimetry was also applied to cement pastes of each binder at 7 and 28 days to ensure the development of pore structure. Finally, the release rate of bound chlorides (i.e. buffering capacity) was measured at 150 days. The chloride threshold level was determined assuming that the corrosion rate is beyond 1-2 mA/$m^3$ at corrosion and the order of the level was OPC > 10% SF > 60% GGBS > 30% PFA. Mercury intrusion porosimetry showed that 10% SF paste produced the most dense pore structure, followed by 60% GGBS, 30% PFA and OPC pastes, respectively. It was found that OPC itself is beneficial in resisting to corrosion initiation, but use of pozzolanic materials as binders shows more resistance to chloride transport into concrete, thus delay the onset of corrosion.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.407.1-407.1
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• 2016

Electrochromism is defined as a phenomenon which involves persistently repeated change of optical properties between bleached state and colored state by simultaneous injection of electrons and ions, sufficient to induce an electrochemical redox process. Due to this feature, considerable progress has been made in the synthesis of electrochromic (EC) materials, improvements of EC properties in EC devices such as light shutter, smart window and variable reflectance mirrors etc. Among the variable EC materials, solid-state inorganics in particular, metal oxide semiconducting materials such as nickel oxide (NiO) have been investigated extensively. The NiO that is an anodic EC material is of special interest because of high color contrast ratio, large dynamic range and low material cost. The high performance EC devices should present the use of standard industrial production techniques to produce films with high coloration efficiency, rapid switching speed and robust reversibility. Generally, the color contrast and the optical switching speed increase drastically if high surface area is used. The structure of porous thin film provides a specific surface area and can facilitate a very short response time of the reaction between the surface and ions. The large variety of methods has been used to prepare the porous NiO thin films such as sol-gel process, chemical bath deposition and sputtering. Few studies have been reported on NiO thin films made by using sol-gel method. However, compared with dry process, wet processes that have the questions of the durability and the vestige of bleached state color limit the thin films practical use, especially when prepared by sol-gel method. In this study, we synthesis the porous NiO thin films on the fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass by using sputtering and anodizing method. Also we compared electrical and optical properties of NiO thin films prepared by sol gel. The porous structure is promised to be helpful to the properties enhancement of the EC devices.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2003

리튬이차전지 음극활물질로 사용되는 합성흑연입자에 여러종류금속을 코팅하여 그 전기화학적특성을 조사하였으며, 구체적인 코팅방법으로는 가스분산스프레이 코팅법을 적용하였다. 본 연구범위내에서 금속을 코팅한 입자로 제조된 전극은 충방전시 형성되는 계면저항을 감소시킴으로서 결과적으로 원시료에 비해서 높은 방전용량을 나타내었다. CV실험을 통해서 은과 주석은 리튬과의 합금반응을 확인할 수 있었으나, 2.5 중량$\%$ 이하의 낮은 코팅량을 고려했을 때, 높은 분산도를 지닌 금속 물질의 코팅을 통한 전극 활물질 표면의 균일한 전도도의 증가가 주요원인인 것으로 사료되었다. 단일계 금속으로 코팅하였을 경우 은코팅한 전극활물질이 가장 높은 방전용량과 사이클특성을 나타내었고, 은을 기본으로 하는 이성분계에서는 은-니켈전극이 가장 높은 고율특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.25.2-25.2
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• 2011

Recently, thin film capacitors used for vehicle inverters are small size, high capacitance, fast response, and large capacitance. But its applications were made up of liquid as electrolyte, so its capacitors are limited to low operating temperature range and the polarity. This research proposes using Ni-P alloys by electroless plating as the electrode instead of liquid electrode. Our substrate has a high aspect ratio and complicated shape because of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). We used AAO because film thickness and effective surface area are depended on for high capacitance. As the metal electrode instead of electrolyte is injected into AAO, the film capacitor has advantages high voltage, wide operating temperature, and excellent frequency property. However, thin film capacitor made by electroless-plated Ni on AAO for full-filling into etched tunnel was limited from optimizing the deposition process so as to prevent open-through pore structures at the electroless plating owing to complicated morphological structure. In this paper, the electroless plating parameters are controlled by temperature in electroless Ni plating for reducing reaction rate. The Electrical properties with I-V and capacitance density were measured. By using nickel electrode, the capacitance density for the etched and Ni electroless plated films was 100 nFcm-2 while that for a film without any etch tunnel was 12.5 nFcm-2. Breakdown voltage and leakage current are improved, as the properties of metal deposition by electroless plating. The synthesized final nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.921-925
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• 2015

매년마다 신장질환으로 고통 받는 사람들이 증가하는 추세이다. 가장 흔한 치료법 중 하나는 혈액 투석인데, 이 방법은 많은 시간이 걸리고, 비용이 많이 드는 방법이다. 이러한 이유 때문에, 인공신장 연구의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 혈액에서 크레아티닌을 여과하는 것은 신장의 주요 기능 중 하나이다. 우리는 이 기능에 초점을 맞춘 새로운 2 채널 마이크로 플루이딕 칩을 고안하였다. 두 개의 PDMS 층을 결합하기 위하여, 아크릴을 가공한 하우징 시스템이 개발하였으며, 이 방법은 여과막을 쉽게 바꿀 수 있다는 이점이 있다. 우리는 알루미늄 양극 산화물(AAO)을 여과막으로 사용하였다. 여과된 용액은 자페반응(Jaffe reation)을 이용하여, 크레아티닌 농도별 흡광도 차이를 분석하였다. 크레아티닌의 양에 대한 표준식을 만들어, 측정한 데이터를 보간하여 여과된 용액의 농도를 확인하였다. 실험을 통하여 유량 및 크레아티닌 농도에 따른 여과율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2004

This paper proposes a 10-${\mu}m$ thick oxide layer structure that can be used as a substrate for RF circuits. The structure has been fabricated using an anodic reaction and complex oxidation, which is a combined process of low-temperature thermal oxidation (500 $^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr at $H_2O/O_2$) and a rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) process (1050 ${\circ}C$, for 1 min). The electrical characteristics of the oxidized porous silicon layer (OPSL) were almost the same as those of standard thermal silicon dioxide. The leakage current density through the OPSL of 10 ${\mu}m$ was about 10 to 50 $nA/cm^2$ in the range of 0 to 50 V. The average value of the breakdown field was about 3.9 MV/cm. From the X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, surface and internal oxide films of OPSL prepared by a complex process were confirmed to be completely oxidized. The role of the RTO process was also important for the densification of the porous silicon layer (PSL) oxidized at a lower temperature. The measured working frequency of the coplanar waveguide (CPW) type short stub on an OPSL prepared by the complex oxidation process was 27.5 GHz, and the return loss was 4.2 dB, similar to that of the CPW-type short stub on an OPSL prepared at a temperature of 1050 $^{\circ}C$ (1 hr at $H_2O/O_2$). Also, the measured working frequency of the CPW-type open stub on an OPSL prepared by the complex oxidation process was 30.5 GHz, and the return was 15 dB at midband, similar to that of the CPW-type open stub on an OPSL prepared at a temperature of $1050^{\circ}C$ (1 hr at $H_2O/O_2$).

• 전기화학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 1999

유해성 유기물을 효과적으로 분해시키는데 이용되는 Ag(II)이온에 의한 전기화학적 매개산화 공정의 한계전류밀도를 예측하기 위하여 질산전해질의 농도, Ag(I) 이온의 농도 및 온도변화에 따른 Ag(I)/Ag(II) 이온쌍의 cyclic voltammogram을 백금전극에서 얻었으며, 피크전류로부터 Ag(I) 이온의 확산계수를 구하였다. Ag(I)/Ag(II) 이온쌍의 산화환원 반응은 물 분해 반응에 의해 크게 영향을 받았으며 백그라운드 보정을 통하여 정확한 피크전류를 측정할 수 있었다. Ag(I) 이온의 확산계수를 질산용액의 점도 및 온도의 함수로 나타냄으로써 전기화학적 매개산화공정의 한계전류밀도를 용이하게 예측할 수 있는 실험식을 제시하였다.