• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2008

As use of construction equipment has been increasing continuingly, the proportion of equipment expense to the total construction cost has become higher. However, there is a difference between the equipment expenses section in 'Poom-Sam' and practical data, because 'Poom-sam' does not consider non-working days due to weather conditions, legal holidays and management conditions. Therefore, 'Poom-Sam' does not present a reasonable standard for estimating construction equipment expenses. In this study, to estimate realistic construction equipment operating hours, firstly, construction equipment was classified according to work, and weather conditions, in which each work could not be executed, were established. Then, weather data on Seoul and Busan($2004{\sim}2006$) and legal holidays were analyzed to suggest annual standard operating hours. The annual standard operating hours of earthmoving & excavating, compaction, and drilling equipment was estimated to be 1,430 hours, and lifting equipment, concrete paving equipment, asphalt paving equipment, concrete equipment, and crushing & conveying equipment were estimated to be 2,124 hours, 1,156hours, 1,188hours, 1,688hours, and 2,152hours respectively.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.219-224
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• 2007

최근 건설공사의 대형화와 복합화로 인해 건설기계의 사용은 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며 전체공사비 중 기계경비가 차지하는 비율 또한 점차 높아지고 있다. 하지만 현행 '건설공사 표준품셈'은 기상조건으로 인한 작업불가능일, 법정공휴일, 공사관리조건에 따른 작업중지일 등을 고려하지 않고 있어 실제 운전시간과는 많은 차이를 보이고 있는 실정이며, 따라서 현실적이고 합리적인 건설기계경비 산출기준을 제시해주지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 견설기계의 현실적인 연간표준가동시간을 산정하기 위하여 우선 표준품셈 상의 건설기계를 각 공종별로 분류하고, 각 공종의 작업이 불가능한 기상조건을 설정하였다. 한편 2004${\sim}$2006년의 서울과 부산의 일일 기상자료를 분석하여 기상조건 및 법정공휴일에 의해서 연간 각 작업이 불가능한 일수를 산출하고, 중복일수를 공제하여 각 장비의 연간표준가동시간을 산정하였다. 그 결과 연간표준가동시간은 토공장비, 다짐장비, 기초공사장비는 1,430시간, 운반 및 하역기계(양중장비로 한정)는 2,124시간, 콘크리트 포장기계는 1,156시간, 아스팔트 포장기계는 1,188시간, 콘크리트기계는 1,688시간, 골재생산장비는 2,152시간으로 산정되었다.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate appropriateness of home health care travel cost. For the evaluation, investigated the operating costs of vehicles used by home care nurses and then were components of home care nurses's annual salaries. Travel costs were then calculated based on actual travel expenses of home health care service. Actual data of 23 hospital-based home care agencies between July, 2002 to December, 2002 were collected for the analysis of the travel costs. The results of this study are : 1) For home visit, 65% of home care agencies turned out to be using only hospital owned cars, and 17.1% be depending purely on home care nurses' cars. On average, 1.9 cars used for home visit. 2) Out of 89 agencies, 23 agencies responded to the travel cost survey. Total maintenance cost of a car per month was 381,457 won. 3) Average per visit personal expenses of home care nurses during travel time turned out to be 7,124won assuming 8 working hours per day, 4 visits per day, and 30 minuets of travel time for each visit. 4) Total home health care travel cost per visit was 12,069 won, which was the sum of actually paid travel cost of 4,945 won and personal expenses during travel time of 7,124. In conclusion. we reckon that current compensation price of home care nurses' travel is inappropriate because total home health care travel costs of 12,069 won per visit turned out to be 2.1 times of currently prevailing standard compensation price of 5,830 per visit.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.420-430
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• 2023

Background: This study provides an update to a landmark 2004 report describing demographics, training, and trends in adherence to thoracic surgery practice standards in Canada. Methods: An updated questionnaire was administered to all members of the Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons via email (n=142, compared to n=68 in 2004). Our report incorporates internal data from Ontario Health and the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Results: Forty-eight surgeons completed the survey (male, 70.8%; mean±standard deviation age, 50.3±9.3 years). This represents a 33.8% response rate, compared to 64.7% in 2004. Most surgeons (69%) served a patient population of over 1 million per center; 32%-34% reported an on-call ratio of 1:4-1:5 days, and the average weekly hours worked was 56.4±11.9. Greater access to dedicated geographic units per center (73% in 2021 vs. 53% in 2004) has improved thoracic-associated services and house staff, notably endoscopy units (100% vs. 91%), with 73% of respondents having access to both endobronchial and endoscopic ultrasound. Access to thoracic radiology has also improved, particularly regarding positron emission tomography scanners per center (76.9% vs. 13%). Annual case volumes for lung (255 vs. 128), esophageal (41 vs. 19), and mediastinal resections (30 vs. 13), along with hiatal hernia repair (45 vs. 20), have increased substantially despite reports of operating room availability and radiology as rate-limiting steps. Conclusion: This survey characterizes compliance with current practice standards, addressing the needs of thoracic surgeons across Canada. Over 85% of respondents were aware of the 2004 compliance paper, and 35% had applied for resources and equipment in response.