• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

The common features of walking in patients with stroke include decreased gait velocity and increased asymmetrical gait pattern. The purpose of this study was to identify important factors related to impairments in gait velocity and asymmetry in chronic stroke patients. The subjects were 30 independently ambulating subjects with chronic stroke. The subjects' impairments were examined, including the isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle plantarflexors, and ankle dorsiflexors. Passive and active ranges of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint, ankle plantarflexor spasticity, joint position senses of the knee and ankle joint, and balance were examined together. In addition, gait velocity and temporal and spatial asymmetry were evaluated with subjects walking at their comfortable speed. Pearson correlations and multiple regressions were used to measure the relationships between impairments and gait speed and impairments and asymmetry. Regression analyses revealed that ankle passive ROM and peak torque of knee flexors were important factors for gait velocity ($R^2=.41$), while ankle passive ROM was the most important determinant for temporal asymmetry ($R^2=.35$). In addition, knee extensor peak torque was the most significant factor for gait spatial asymmetry ($R^2=.17$). Limitation in ankle passive ROM and weakness of the knee flexor were major contributors to slow gait velocity. Moreover, limited passive ROM in the ankle influenced the level of temporal gait asymmetry in chronic stroke patients. Our findings suggest that stroke rehabilitation programs aiming to improve gait velocity and temporal asymmetry should include stretching exercise for the ankle joint.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ankle kinesio taping on postural control function during exercise in university students. Method : Thirty subjects were randomly allocated to three groups: Y taping group (n=20), I taping group (n=20) and Non-taping group (n=20). All groups underwent the same exercise program including stretching for 30 minutes. The exercise program proceeded in the following order: five minutes of stretching, a 20-minutes exercise program, and additional five 5 minutes of stretching. Of the eight exercise methods suggested by Purcell et al, seven were chosen (lateral shuffle, forward & backward running, agility ladder, figure-of-8, forward jogging while jumping over cones, wall jumps and zigzags); $90^{\circ}$ cuts with lateral shuffle were omitted. The postural control functions was measured participants's perceptions of stability, confidence, and reassurance using methods suggested by Purcell et al,. Result : The confidence was significant difference in I taping group compared to Non taping group. The reassurance was significant difference in Y taping group and I taping group compared to Non taping group. Conclusion : The Kinesio taping increased confidence, and reassurance during exercise in university students. Additional research on Kinesio taping for improving range of motion and agility is need.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.93-99
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• 2016

Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. The diagnosis of plantar fasciitis is primarily based on the presentation of symptoms and physical examination. Patients usually complain of heel pain at the medial calcaneal tubercle when taking their first step in the morning or when walking after resting. Diagnostic imaging is rarely required for the initial diagnosis of plantar fasciitis; however, it can be used for differential diagnosis. Conservative treatments, such as stretching, rest, ice massage, oral analgesics, foot orthotics, use of night splint, and corticosteroid injection, may be effective. The majority of patients report improvement with conservative treatments, and those who show no response from conservative treatments for a duration of six months or longer can consider extracorporeal shock wave therapy or surgery.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.299-300
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 팔 흔들기 강화운동과 발목 신장운동을 실시한 실험군이 일반적인 물리치료를 실시한 대조군보다 균형과 보행속도가 향상됨을 검증하였으며, 재활치료에 있어서 하나의 중재방법이 될 수 있음을 제안한다.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2022

Background: The gastrocnemius tightness can easily occur. Gastrocnemius tightness results in gait disturbance. Thus, various interventions have been used to release a tight gastrocnemius muscle and improve gait performance. Moreover, focal muscle vibration (FMV) has recently been extensively researched in terms of tight muscle release and muscle performance. However, no study has investigated the effects of FMV application on medial gastrocnemius architectural changes. Objects: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of FMV on medial gastrocnemius architecture in persons with limited ankle dorsiflexion. Methods: Thirty one persons with <10° of passive ankle dorsiflexion participated in this study. We excluded persons with acute ankle injury within six months prior to study onset, a history of ankle fracture, leg length discrepancy greater than 2 cm, no history of neurological dysfunction, or trauma affecting the lower limb. The specifications of the FMV motor were as follows: a fixed frequency (fast wave: 150 Hz) and low amplitude (0.3-0.5 mm peak to peak) of vibration; the motor was used to release the medial gastrocnemius for 15 minutes. Each participant completed three trials for 10 days; a 30-second rest period was provided between each trial. Medial gastrocnemius architectural parameters [muscle thickness (MT), fiber bundle length (FBL), and pennation angle (PA)] were measured via ultrasonography. Results: MT significantly decreased after FMV application (p < 0.05). FBL significantly increased from its baseline value after FMV application (p < 0.05). PA significantly decreased from its baseline value after FMV application (p < 0.05). Conclusion: FMV application may be advantageous in reducing medial gastrocnemius excitability following a decrease in the amount of contractile tissue. Furthermore, FMV application can be used as a stretching method to alter medial gastrocnemius architecture.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.129-142
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop socks to check the range of ankle movement during squats for men in their late 20s. Sensors of 6, 8, and 12 mm were selected, and each sample was impregnated 1 to 3 times. It was prepared using a CNT dispersion, and the GF value was measured using UTM. Among them, the sample with 2 impregnation showed the best GF value. As a result of applying each sample to the socks, the 12 mm sensor was wider than the area of the Achilles tendon, resulting in noise, and the 8 mm sensor was higher than the tensile strength of the socks, resulting in a decrease in the graph. Therefore, testing was performed using a 6 mm sensor. In order to determine the effectiveness of the sensor, the normal operating range was checked through squats, and significant changes were confirmed when the operating range was checked again through squats by performing operations that can increase the operating range through Gastrocnemius, Soleus stretching, and low lunge. Using the results of this study, it is expected that the average value of the ankle movement range of the user is checked prevent injury, to be provided as basic data for the production of shoe products and the promotion of physical health.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the stretching and recreation exercise including health education on physical flexibility and health behavior compliance of women in elderly. Subjects included 28 women elderly who were residents of H Dong, Dondae moon-Gu, Seoul. The treatment intervention was applied during total 8 weeks as 5 times/week for stretching exercise with 2 times/weeks for health education. Data collection were from February to April, 2004. SPSS Window program was used by aims of this study for data analysis. The results were as following: 1. 75 old age above (39.3%) was the most of age in subjects. None education (42.9%) was the most of subjects in this study. Perceived health state was the most as 71.4% in moderate and good health state. 2. Physical flexibility of both shoulder(right z=-4.301, p=,000)(left z=-4.306), both arm(right z=-3.623, p=.0001)(left z=4.111, p=.0001), heel on both ankle(right z=-3.472, p=.0001) (left z=956, p=.0001), both before food(right z=-4.205, p=.0001)left(z=4.191, p=.0001) and both knee(right z=-4.118, p=.0001)(left z=4.082, p=.0001) was increased after 8 weeks more than before stretching and recreation exercise including health education were done. 3. Health behavior compliance(z=-4.073, p=.0001) was significantly on the effect. Therefore, it is confirmed that stretching exercise included health education is an effective nursing intervention for physical, mental, and psychological health management in elderly. Accordingly, authors are proposing that variously effective health management exercise programs must be developed for elderly, at the same time, the application and following up on the programs will be more important in the future.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

In patients with diabetic foot, ulceration and amputation are the most serious consequences and can lead to morbidity and disability. Peripheral arterial sclerosis, peripheral neuropathy, and foot deformities are major causes of foot problems. Foot deformities, following autonomic and motor neuropathy, lead to development of over-pressured focal lesions causing the diabetic foot to be easily injured within the shoe while walking. Wound healing in these patients can be difficult due to impaired phagocytic activity, malnutrition, and ischemia. Correction of deformity or shoe modification to relieve the pressure of over-pressured points is necessary for ulcer management. Application of selective dressings that allow a moist environment following complete debridement of the necrotic tissue is mandatory. In the case of a large soft tissue defect, performance of a wound coverage procedure by either a distant flap operation or a skin graft is necessary. Patients with a Charcot joint should be stabilized and consolidated into a plantigrade foot. The bony prominence of a Charcot foot can be corrected by a bumpectomy in order to prevent ulceration. The most effective management of the diabetic foot is ulcer prevention: controlling blood sugar levels and neuropathic pain, smoking cessation, stretching exercises, frequent examination of the foot, and appropriate education regarding footwear.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.124-136
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and to evaluate on health promotion program for elderly women. Method: Subjects included 56 women elderly who were residents of H Dong, Dondae moon-Gu, Seoul. The study was deviced in the way of nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The treatment intervention was applied during total 8 weeks as 5 times/week for stretching exercise with 2 times/weeks for health education. Data collection were from May to Sept, 2004. SPSS Window program was used by aims of this study for data analysis. Result: 1. 71 old age above (69.7%) was the most of age in subjects. None education (53.6%) was the most of subjects in this study. 2. Physical flexibility of knee(z=-3.83, p=.000), arm(z=-3.92, p=.000), shoulder(F=40.0, p=.000), heel on ankle(z=-3.305, p=.001), was increased after 8 weeks more than before stretching and recreation exercise including health education were done. 3. Health behavior compliance(z=-4.50, p=.000) was significantly on the effect. Conclusion: This program is proved to promote the health of elderly and verified as an effective nursing intervention program, because the outcome of this program ascertains that this program enhances physical flexibility, health behavior compliance, helps promoting the understanding of heath behavior.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.133-144
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the joint moment on lower extremity during a developpe devant. Data were collected by Kwon3D, KwonGRF program. Two professional modem female dancers were participated in this experiment. Subjects performed a developpe devant in meddle heights. On the axes of X, Y, Z, it was shown that the maximum joint moment was occurred in hip joint. The moments are plotted during developpe devant. The ankle muscles generate a plantar flexion moment and the knee muscles generate a flexion moment and The hip muscles generate a extension moment. So these muscles of joint muscles were known to play a key role in keeping the body balance while doing developpe devant. In addition adduction moment occurred at hip, knee, an ankle in the order of amount, we could assume from this data that him out motion started from the hip joint. There was small active turn out possible below the hip joint. A small amount of extra turn out could be obtained when standing because of flexion between the foot and floor, which could be used to give a passive external rotation force to the whole leg and this could produce a rotation between the knee and foot. This passive external rotation could produce very damaging results. Therefore, lower extremity joint muscles such as hip, knee, and ankle muscle should be trained to keep the body balance and prevent injury during developpe devant performance. And for the safe and perfect turn ort performance, hip joint abduction, the most important external rotating muscle for him out is needed to train and full stretching should be done in advance.