• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study compared the effect of training ankle joint and hip joint thera-band exercise on balance. METHODS: The participants were divided into two groups of 11 each. Group A performed hip exercise after ankle exercise, and Group B performed ankle exercise after hip exercise. Using a green thera-band, the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion and hip flexion and hip extension were exercised repeatedly for 15 seconds three times with a five-second rest between each set. After the exercise and measurement of one area were complete, the exercise and measurement of the other area were performed at one-day intervals. The balance ability was assessed using a Tetrax and Y-balance test and repeated three times; the best values were taken. RESULTS: In the stability index (ST) of the static balance, the hip joint exercise group (HTG) during the follow-up of normal eye open (NO) revealed notable improvement over the ankle joint exercise group (ATG), and in the follow-up of the normal eye closed (NC), the ATG showed significant improvement over the HTG. In the pillow with eye closed (PC) follow-up, the ATG showed significant improvements over the HTG. At the left (Lt) and Y-balance test (YBT), the ATG showed significant improvements in the follow-up over the HTG (p <.05). CONCLUSION: In static balance, the ATG showed significant improvement in the follow-up of NC and PC over the HTG. In the dynamic balance, the Lt. dynamic balance on the non-dominant side in the ATG showed significant improvement in the follow-up over the HTG.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2011

Purpose : This study was to investigate the prevention of spasticity with modified Ashworth scale(MAS) and range of motion(ROM) increase with goniometer in ankle joint by functional electrical stimulation(FES) and exercise for 4 weeks in chronic stroke patients. Methods : 60 chronic stroke patients participated in this study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups, FES group(n=20), FES+exercise group(n=20) and control croup(n=20). After FES application on tibialis anterior muscle by 35Hz for 4 weeks, the change of ankle joint movement was measured by goniometer. Results : The spasticity in ankle joint was decreased greatly in FES and FES+excercise groups(p<.05), and the ROM of ankle joint was increased greatly in FES and FES +exercise groups(p<.05) than control group(p>.05). Conclusion : It shows that FES made the angle of dorsiflexion in spastic ankle joint increase with functional improvement of tibialis anterior muscle in chronic stroke patients. This show that the FES is avaliable for facilitation of ROM and decrease of spasticity as a therapeutic tool.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2024

Background: The peroneus longus (PL) and peroneus brevis (PB) function as the primary muscles of eversion, a movement closely associated with tibial external rotation for ankle mortise stability. Ankle motion and tibial rotation vary based on different ankle and knee positions. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the PL, PB, and biceps femoris (BF) muscle activation and eversion strength during side-lying isometric eversion exercise based on different ankle positions (neutral [N] and plantarflexion [PF]) and knee positions (90° flexion [KF] and extension [KE]). Methods: Thirty healthy adults with an Ankle Joint Functional Assessment Tool score of ≥ 22 were recruited (mean age = 24.8 ± 3.1 years). Maximal isometric eversion strength and submaximal muscle activation of the PL, PB and BF were measured during isometric eversion exercise in side-lying. A 2 × 2 repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to investigate differences in muscle activation and strength. Results: The PL and PB muscle activation showed significant main effects with the knee and ankle positions (p < 0.05); activation was greater in the KE and PF positions than in the KF and N positions. The BF muscle activation showed a significant interaction effect with knee and ankle positions, which was greater in knee extension and ankle plantarflexed (KEPF) position than in knee flexion and ankle plantarflexed (KFPF) position (p < 0.05). Eversion strength showed a significant main effect only in ankle position (p < 0.05) and was greater in the N position than in the PF position. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the KEPF position can be recommended to facilitate contraction of the PL and PB during side-lying eversion exercise. Furthermore, the effects of the knee-ankle positions should be considered for measuring ankle eversion strength and implementing the isometric submaximal side-lying eversion exercise.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find the effect of ankle joint angle on knee extensor electromyographic activity following knee extension exercise. Methods : Ten male university students participated in the study. The subjects performed isometric maximal voluntary knee extensor contractions (MVC) and knee extensor EMG activity measured in with three different ankle joint angle. The EMG activity of rectus femoris(RF), vastus medialis(VM), vastus lateralis(VL) were measured using surface electromyography. Results : EMG activity of vastus lateralis following the change of ankle joint angle was shown statistically significant difference. Conclusion : Ankle plantar flexion position increase EMG activity of vastus lateralis during knee extension exercise.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2008

Purpose : The study was to evaluate the effect of joint therapy and active exercise on balance and lower foot and ankle muscle MVIC in supination foot. Methods : The subjects of this study were 20. Subjects were 20 to 25($22.20{\pm}1.54$) completed the study and participated three times a week for 4 weeks. Subjects were assessed by utilizing two different EMG MVIC. Results : The change in peroneus longus MVIC significant on pre-test and post test (p<.05). The not change in tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, peroneus brevis MVIC on pre-test and post-test(p<.05). Conclusion : The study suggest that subtalar joint therapy and active exercise have a increase peroneus longus MVIC for supination foot. Therefore, the subtalar joint therapy and active exercise recommended for supination foot.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.401-412
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of hip joint exercises and orthotics on RCSP, ankle's range of motion, and core muscle strength of middle school students with pes planus. Method : Out of the original pool of 200 students, 60 students with pes planus (RCSP < -2) were selected for the study. The selected 60 students were then divided into four groups. The first group was a combined orthotics and exercise group (12 students), the second was the orthotics-only group (9 students), the third was the exercise-only group (8 students), and the last was the control group (10 students). Exercise groups worked out twice a week for 60 minutes per session over 8 weeks. The independent variables were corrective hip joint exercises and orthotics. The dependant variables consisted of kinematic and kinetic variables. The kinematic variables were RCSP, and ankle's range of motion (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion). The kinetic variables were muscles forces that consist in core muscle strength, which are hip joint adduction, abduction, and flexion muscles forces. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS 18.0 with multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and a paired t-test was used. Results : The left foot was more responsive to the treatments, both exercise and orthotics, than the right foot. RCSP improved significantly in the left foot for the first and third groups. Only the first group significantly improved hip joint adduction, abduction, and flexion muscles' strengths. As for the ankle's range of motion of the left foot, plantarflexion showed improvement when treated with exercise, orthotics, or both. Conclusion : This study found that exercise is more effective in correcting RCSP and foot orthotics is more effective in reinforcing core muscle strength. Future studies should expand on these results to examine the relationship between the ankle, hip, and pelvis.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the effects of the whole-body vibration exercise combined with ankle joint mobilization on the gait and balancing ability in patients with hemiplegic stroke. METHODS: A total of 19 patients at a rehabilitation hospital who had suffered a hemiplegic stroke were randomly assigned to the experimental group (whole-body vibration exercise combined with ankle joint mobilization, n=10) or control group (whole-body vibration exercise, n=9). All participants underwent 30 min of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy (5 × /week for 6 weeks). Additionally, the experimental group performed the whole body vibration exercise and ankle joint mobilization (15 minutes each, 30 minutes total, 3 × / week for 6 weeks). In the control group, only the whole- body vibration exercise was performed in the same manner and not the ankle joint mobilization. The gait and balancing abilities were measured before and after the 6-week training. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in the 10-m walk test, timed up-and-go (TUG) test, center of pressure (COP) path length, and COP path velocity in the experimental group (p < .05). The experimental group showed a larger decrease in the COP path length and velocity than the control group (COP path length, -10.27 mm vs. -3.67 mm, p < .05; COP path velocity, -.33 cm/sec vs. -.13 cm/sec, p < .05, respectively). CONCLUSION: The whole-body vibration exercise combined with ankle joint mobilization could be effective in improving the gait and balancing ability of stroke patients and could also be more effective for improving the static balance ability than the general whole-body vibration exercise alone.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the elastic band and stretching exercise program on ankle joint maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and plantar pressure in high-heel wearing women in their 20s. METHODS: Twenty women in their twenties were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=10) and the control group (n=10). The experimental group (n=10) performed the elastic band exercise program, while the control group (n=10) performed the stretching exercise program. Both exercise programs were performed three times a week for a total of four weeks. The BTE Primus RS was used in order to measure the ankle joint MVIC during dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion. Maximum pressure ($N/cm^2$), average pressure ($N/cm^2$) were measured using the Pedoscan. SPSS v. 21.0 software was used for all statistical analyses in this study. RESULTS: The measurement of the ankle joint's MVIC revealed that in inversion, a significant change in both feet was seen in both the experimental and control groups. In eversion, there was a significant change in both feet only in the experimental group. In terms of the rest of the results, no significant changes were visible. With regard to the plantar pressure, no significant results were seen for either foot in the comparison between or within the groups. CONCLUSION: Exercise program using elastic band and exercise program using stretching were effective on MVIC of ankle joint muscles, although it had no effect on changes of plantar pressure.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of unilateral muscle fatigue in knee and ankle joints on balance and gait in healthy adults. Methods: Exercise inducing muscle fatigue in the knee joint consisted of concentric and eccentric contraction of dominant knee extensors in healthy adults by using the Leg Extension Rehap exercise machine (HUR, Finland). Exercise inducing muscle fatigue in the ankle joint was composed of voluntary contractions and forced contractions of the dominant plantar flexors in healthy adults. Exercises to induce muscle fatigue in the knee and ankle joints were performed until the subject complained of fatigue or pain, the occurrence of muscle fatigue was confirmed by electromyography. We measured static and dynamic balance using the Good Balance system and gait performance by RS-scan. Results: Static and dynamic balance ability and spatial-temporal gait decreased significantly after muscle fatigue in knee and ankle joint. Conclusion: These results show that unilateral muscle fatigue of the lower extremities affected postural control and gait. Therefore, therapists and sport trainers should minimize the risks of fall and injuries related to unilateral muscle fatigue.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effect of Tai-Chi exercise program on joint flexibility for osteoarthritis patients. To evaluate the effects, quasi-experimental study was used for pre and post test with a nonequivalent control group. Method: Fifty-tow subjects participated in the experiment(twenty-seven for experimental group and twenty-five for control group) and they were from two different senior citizen centers in J city. The experiment period was from April 2002 through August 2002. The experiment group took part in Tai-Chi exercise program for eighteen weeks(three times a week for four weeks and five times a week for fourteen week). The exercise was performed for 50 minutes at every time (15 minutes for warm-up, 30 minutes for Tai-Chi exercise, and 5 minutes for ending). In order to pursue study purpose, the SPSS/WIN 8.0 program was chosen for the statistical analysis; ANCOVA was employed in examining test hypothesis; t-test and $x^2$-test were used to examine homogeneity between experimental and control group. Result: The study results were as follows :Score of vertebral joint flexibility increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of wrist joint extension increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of wrist joint flexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of elbow joint extension increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of elbow joint flexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. There was a slight increase of knee joint extension in the Tai-Chi exercise group compared to control group, but without statistical significance. Score of knee joint flexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of ankle plantar flexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Score of ankle dorsiflexion increased significantly after of Tai-Chi exercise program. Conclusion: As shown in the results, Tai-Chi exercise program can be effective nursing intervention for osteoarthritis patient to improve joint flexibility.