• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.304-313
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• 2015

In this study, the anionic emulsified asphalt was prepared by dispersing asphalt particles evenly into water with combination of anionic and nonionic surfactants. Effects of NaOH and $CaCl_2$ on the phase stability of the emulsified asphalt were also investigated through zeta potential value and rheology behavior; the emulsified asphalt added with NaOH and $CaCl_2$ showed higher zeta potential value than that the asphalt with addition of only anionic and nonionic surfactants. In addition, with regard to shear thinning behaviors, it was found that pH of the emulsified anionic asphalt and $Ca^{2+}$, counter ion, affected the phase stability. SBR (styrene-butadiene-rubber) latex, EPD (water dispersed Epoxy), PU (polyurethane) and RI-10S, SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene)-based property improvement additive, were used and studied to enhance the adhesion properties with the aggregates. RI-10S, however, was found to be only compatible with the anionic emulsified asphalt; the coating rate, adhesion and compression strength were increased with the RI-10S content.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.339-343
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• 1989

The interaction of cationic surfactants, n-alkyltrimethylammonium bromide ($C_nTAB$; n = 12, 14, 16) with anionic polyelectrolyte, poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) has been studied by surface tension measurement. In the absence of added salt, the cationic surfactants bind to PSS quantitatively up to ca. 60% coverage of anionic sites of the polyanion and the complexes were surface inactive. Further binding of the surfactant cations on PSS caused a sharp conformational transition of the surfactant/ PSS complexes to surface active complexes and accompanied precipitation. The binding showed a biphasic behavior in the presence of NaCl and cooperativity of the binding became less as the concentration of NaCl increased. Binding of the cationic surfactants on poly(vinylsulfonate) also showed the biphasic behavior and the cooperativity of the binding was much less even in the absence of NaCl. The binding of surfactant to PSS provided hydrophobic environment to solubilized pyrene and reduced the viscosity of the solution greatly even at surfactant concentrations well below cmc. This study indicated that the surfactant bound to PSS up to $60{\%}$ coverage of PSS sites are present as surfactant aggregates which are wrapped up with PSS chains, and hydrophobic interaction is an important factor in the binding of the surfactants to PSS.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1979

Many researches have found that the anionic surfactants are effective when the anionic soil is attached to the cotton fabrics. However, this research investigated the relationship of the super soil removal and surfactants when the anionic and cationic soil was attached to the cationic cotton fabrics. The result is that the cationic surfactants are vary effective for soil removal in the cationic cotton fabrics. The processing and nature of cationic cotton fabrics are treated and investigated as follows: Cotton fabrics are heated in the presence of ethylenimine and acetic acid dissolved in benzene to contain a significant amount of fixed nitrogen. Some polymer was formed but removal by washing with benzene and water. The optinium molor ratio of acid-to-ethylenimine seemed to be in the range 1: 10. The treated cotton fabrics dyed with acid Orange II dyes, and nitrogen content in the treated cotton fabrics were determined by the Kjeldahl method.

• 공업화학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.249-255
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• 1990

Thin layer chromatography를 사용하여 음이온성 및 비이온성 계면활성제의 신속한 분리 및 정성분석에 필요한 용매조건들을 조사하였다. 알킬사슬의 종류와 alkylene oxide의 분포에 따른 분리특성을 이용하여 polyoxyalkylene 계 비이온성 계면활성제들을 간단히 정성 분석 할 수 있었으며, densitometer를 사용하여 polyoxyethylenated nonyl phenol의 ethylene oxide(EO)에 따른 분포를 쉽게 비교할 수 있었다. 일련의 음이온성 계면활성제들을 $R_f$ 값과 발색되는 색으로 정성분석하였으며, 음이온성 및 비이온성 계면활성제 혼합물을 각각 분리하였다. 지방산계 계면활성제를 diester, monoester 및 미반응된 polyethylene glycol의 세 부분으로 농축 분리하여 그 혼합비율을 구하였다. 이상의 모든 실험은 전개용매를 80mm정도 전개시킨 상태에서 이루어졌고 분리에 걸린 시간은 13-20분 정도였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2008

In general, anionic and cationic surfactants are incompatible because their mixtures form insoluble complexes. There are, however, some complexes that are soluble and behave like regular surfactants, specifically like nonionic surfactants, thus named pseudo-nonionic surfactant complexes. Pseudo-nonionic complexes are more effective and efficient than their ionic surfactant components as shown by their equilibrium and dynamic surface tensions and interfacial tensions. They pack at the interface more than their ionic components. Since, pseudo-nonionic complexes show their own characteristics, they can be treated as separate classes of surfactants distinct from ionic and nonionic surfactants. Novel cationic surfactant was synthesized, having the polyhydroxyl group at the head group. We found that aqueous mixtures of our cationic surfactant and usual anionic surfactant(SDS) could form homogeneous solutions even at high concentration. The properties of mixed surfactant solutions were measured. Foam stability, CMC(critical micelle concentration), water hardness tolerance and thickening effect were tested. The foam stability of mixed surfactants was very good and various synergy effects were observed.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.63-78
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• 1998

A series of long chain N-acyl amino acid type anionic surfactants were prepared by treating fatty acid chlorides with three kinds of amino acids, that is, sodium N-acyl-sarcosinates, sodium N-acyl-N-methyl-${\beta}$-alaninates and sodium N-acyl-N-methyl-taurates in an alkaline solution. All prepared biodegradable surfactants were purified by thin layer chromatography and column chromatography, and identified their structures by spectral analysis.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2003

흡수 분광법에 의해 얻은 스펙트럼을 주성분분석(principal analysis, PCA) 으로 자료를 요약하여 주성분 회귀분서(principal component regression, PCR)과 부분 최소자승법(partial least squares, PLS)으로 음이온과 비이온 계면활성제(anionic and nonionic surfactant)를 동시에 정량하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 두 가지 계면활성제가 서로 다른 농도로 혼합되어 있는 26개의 시료용액을 400~700 nm 범위에서 스펙트럼을 얻었고, 이를 이용하여 PCR과 PLS회귀모델을 얻었다. 두 가지 계면활성제가 서로 다른 농도로 포함된 5개의 외부검정용 시료들의 스펙트럼들을 이용해서 회귀모델의 적합성을 검정하기 위하여 외부검정용 시료의 농도를 계산하였다. 계산된 농도를 이용하여 relative standard error of prediction(RSEP$_{\alpha}$)를 구하여 회귀모델의 적합성을 검정하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2019

본 논문은 탄소 길이에 따른 지방족 알코올과 사코진과 타우린을 이용하여 음이온 계면활성제를 합성하였으며, 합성한 계면활성제들의 구조를 $^1H$ NMR 분석을 통하여 확인하였다. 합성 음이온 계면활성제의 임계미셸농도는 $10^{-2}{\sim}10^{-4}mol/L$이며, 임계미셸농도에서의 표면장력 값은 21~39 mN/m이었다. Ross-Miles 방법에 의하여 탄소 12개일 때의 합성계면활성제가 좋은 기포력과 기포안정성을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 사코진을 이용한 계면활성제는 대두유에서 타우린을 이용한 계면활성제는 벤젠에서 유화력이 좋음을 알 수 있었다. 합성한 계면활성제의 물성은 임계미셸농도, 기포력, 유화력을 측정하여 평가하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 1977

Solubilization of cholesterol, its fatty acid esters and gallstones were undertaken employing nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants. Cholesterol was effectively solubilized by all of these surfactants. Cationic surfactants were most effective. However, cholesteryl myristate was not solubilized at all. In the dissolution test of gallstones in surfactant solutions, cationic surfactant solutions were exceptionally effective in dissolving gallstones. These results suggest the possible existence of interaction between alkylammonium radical and cholesterol on micellar surface.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 아스팔트가 가지는 단점을 보완하고자 아스팔트를 비이온 계면활성제(Span 80, Span 60, Tween 80, 및 Tween 60), 음이온 계면활성제(SLS), 및 양이온 계면활성제(Imidazole)를 변량 배합하여 반전유화법으로 아스팔트 에멀젼을 제조하였다. 유화아스팔트의 안정성을 규명하고자 입자크기, 점도, 제타전위, 및 내수성을 고찰하였다. 비이온 계면활성제와 음이온 계면활성제를 혼합 사용할 경우 유화아스팔트의 안정성은 우수하였으며 계면활성제의 양이 증가함에 따라 입자크기는 감소하였고, 반면에 점도와 제타전위 및 내수성은 증가하였다.