• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.554-557
• /
• 1999

Hatchery waste including infertile eggs, dead embryos in shell, dead or low grade chicks was cooked at $100^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes and then oven dried and ground. Hatchery waste meal (HWM) thus prepared contained 44.25% protein, 4,573 kcal/kg gross energy, 3,600 kcal/kg metabolizable energy, 30% ether extract, 1.9% fibre, 14% ash, 9.8% nitrogen free extract, 7.26% Ca, 0.84%P, 1.86% lysine and 0.66% methionine with no Salmonella and E. coli. In biological evaluation trial, significantly higher weight gain was observed in ration containing 12% HWM compared with that containing similar amount of fish meal. Protein efficiency ratio on the two rations was 3.96 vs 2.85; protein digestibility, 86.02 vs 71.9; net protein utilization, 64.9 vs 42.37 and biological value, 75.37 vs 58.84, respectively, indicating better balance of amino acids in HWM compared with fish meal. Growth performance trial on broiler chicks also revealed better weight gain and feed efficiency on ration containing 12% HWM than that containing similar level of fish meal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.615-635
• /
• 1996

The animal industry must be environmentally sound to ensure its long-term sustainable growth. Livestock wastes mostly manure, can be a valuable resource as well as a potential hazard to environment. The first option of manure management is developing an 'environmentally sound' feeding program and feeds so there are less excreted nutrients that need to be managed. Once the manure is produced it can be best utilized as a fertilizer of a soil conditioner. In many countries the amount of manure that can be spread on land depends on the nutrient requirements of the crop being grown. The laws specify maximum application rates and not animal stocking rates. Farmer who reduce the N and P component of manure can release pressure on the environment without having to reduce the number of animals. There are alternative system for housing and manure treatment which generate manure that are easier to handle and have less pollutants or more economic value. Treated animal waste may also be used as a feedstuff or fuel source. Most of the options of waste management result in increased costs to implement. It is necessary to assess the economics in order to find an acceptable compromise between the increased costs and the benefit to the environment. Animal welfare is also becoming more and more of an issue and it will lead to systems where animals are kept in less confined environment. The new system will have a great impact in the waste management system in the future.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 남은 음식물에 수분흡수제 또는 영양 보충제로 유기성 부산물인 제과부산물, 밀기울, 맥강, 육계분 등을 혼합한 후 rotary drum 방식의 반건식 살균처리 및 호기적 숙성 과정 별 혼합사료 내의 미생물 분포 및 사료단백질 pepsin 소화율과 in vitro 영양소 소화율을 측정하여 실제 동물 급여 시의 효능을 사전 예측하고자 실시하였다. 살균 처리 공정($80^{\circ}C$에서 30분간)은 전반적으로 균수를 감소시키는 경향과 곰팡이를 사멸시키는 효과가 있었으며(P<0.05), 연이은 숙성 과정은 살균과정에서 감소된 lactic acid bacteria를 증식시키는 효과가 있었다(P<0.05). 열처리 살균 공정은 혼합사료 단백질의 pepsin 소화율을 감소시켰다(P<0.05). 사료원료 건물 및 유기물의 in vitro 소화율은 제과부산물>밀기울>남은 음식물=맥강 순으로 높았다. 상기한 연구 결과는 반건식 남은 음식물 혼합사료의 동물 급여시 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제18권sup호
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 사료에 서양고추냉이 분말 0.03%, 팽이버섯폐배지 0.5% 및 서양고추냉이 분말 0.03%와 팽이버섯폐배지 0.5%의 혼합제를 사료에 각각 첨가한 후 비육돈에 급여하여 분뇨에서 발생되는 악취물질의 농도변화를 조사하였다. 1. 분뇨의 단쇄지방산 농도를 측정한 결과 초산, 프로피온산, 부티르산 및 이성체지방산의 농도는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 분뇨의 페놀, p-크레졸 및 이들을 합한 페놀류 농도는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 그러나 인돌 농도는 고추냉이 처리구에서 낮았으며(p<0.05), 스카톨 농도는 대조구와 고추냉이구에서 가장 높았고, 고추냉이와 버섯폐배지의 혼합구에서 가장 낮았으며, 버섯폐배지구는 중간이었다(p<0.05). 인돌류 농도는 고추냉이와 버섯폐배지의 혼합구에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 1997

Cage layer waste and sudex grass were ensiled in the proportions of 0:100, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 wet basis, respectively. The influence of ensiling cage layer waste on Salmonellae, Shigella, Proteus, and total number of colony forming units (CFU) was investigated. The nutritive value of the silages was evaluated in a digestion trial. The experiment was conducted with 24 wethers allotted to four silages. Initial samples of cage layer waste showed $0.11{\times}10^6$ CFU and salmonellae, Shigella and Proteus were present. Ensiling was effective in complete elimination of all the pathogens. Dry matter, crude protein and ash contents were increased linearly (p < .01) with the increase of cage layer waste in the silages ($358g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ to $484g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$; $76.3g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ to $183.2g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and $38.5g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ to $169.4g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$; DM basis, respectively). Water solubles carbohydrate values for silages were 38.3, 22.5, 20.1 and $20.0g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ DM basis, respectively. Ensiling decreased the pH values for all the silages and the decrease was higher for sudex grass ensiled alone than grass ensiled with cage layer waste. Lactic acid concentration in silages increased linearly (p < .01) with the increase of cage layer waste. The apparent digestibilities of DM, OM and CP for the animals fed sudex grass silage alone were 496.0, 516.1, $496.7g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ DM basis respectively. However, digestibilities of all the components were higher (p < 0.01) for the animals fed silages containing cage layer waste. Among waste containing diets, the digestibilities of all the components showed quadratic affect (p < 0.01), increased for silages containing 30 and 40% cage layer waste and decreased when the level of waste increased from 40 to 50%. The results indicated that cage layer waste can be used upto 40% in ruminant diet as a source of N without any adverse effect on the health of animals. Ensiling appeared to be feasible and effective method for eliminating the pathogen present in cage layer waste.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.316-323
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for the development of the solid fuel with investigating the characteristics of mixtures of animal wastes and wasted coal and supply it as an energy resource to agricultural farms for heating of agricultural facilities. It was investigated for the characteristics of animal wastes (swine waste, swine waste with sawdust, cattle waste), wasted coal, the mixtures of animal wastes and wasted coal with or without mixing seawater. The characteristics of solid fuel according to the mixture ratio of animal wastes and wasted coal were analyzed. The effects of seawater affecting on calorific value and thermal pyrolysis of solid fuels were investigated. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The calorific value was improved with mixing seawater into wasted coal due to chemical reaction. 2) The diverse solid fuels of various calorific values can be made with adjusting the ratio of animal wastes and wasted coal. 3) Animal wastes and wasted coal had each different reaction temperature of thermal pyrolysis and the decreasing rate of weight. 4) The mixture of animal wastes and wasted coal would be ignited easily. Therefore, the solid fuel could be ignited more conveniently when seawater is mixed with it.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 1998

The dramatic increase in both swine and cattle production in Korea has presented problems related to protection of water resources. Animal wastes are a potentially valuable source of plant nutrients. Modern liquid waste management plans for a livestock housing need to focus on the slurry aeration and composting control methods and cost effective equipments. Recent developments in the animal manure liquid composting make it possible to improve the manure more easier to handle, reduce the odorous, labors and bedding materials, kill the weed seeds etc. However, there are some disadvantages, the aerator consumes much electrical power and initial cost is high. To solve these problems, this study is intended to develop a key points such as slurry aeration and dilution, liquid waste composting equipments.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to compare the filtration effect of anaerobic digestion waste water by compost filtration bed. Three types of filtration systems were set for filtration test following to composition of bedding materials. Two filtration systems were filled with sawdust, rice-hull and wood-chip. And the other was filled with sawdust and rice-hull. Anaerobic digestion waste water was applied evenly on the surface of the filtration bed with spraying nozzle. The concentration of nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS) of anaerobic digestion waste water was decreased by filtration treatment. The total nitrogen content was decreased from 1,313 mg/L to 1,090~1,293 mg/L and BOD concentration was decreased from 529.7 mg/L to 125~162.3 mg/L, respectively. The SS content was decreased from 69~79% by filtration process. In addition, the electrical conductivity (EC) was decreased from 10.22 ds/m to 7.91~8.31 ds/m.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.788-793
• /
• 2011

To evaluate fertilizer value of animal cadavers for agricultural recycling, fertilizer components of animal cadavers by pig and poultry were investigated using rendering and alkali (KOH) treatment methods. Total nitrogen concentrations in meat waste by pig and poultry using rendering treatment method were 7.80% and 9.30%, respectively. Total nitrogen concentration in meat waste of pig by KOH treatment method was lower than that by rendering treatment method. Organic matter concentrations in meat waste of pig and poultry ranged 87.8~97.4%. Total phosphorus concentrations in bone waste of pig using rendering and KOH treatment methods ranged 5.59~11.18%. Animal cadavers contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients essential to plant growth. The results of this study suggest that animal cadavers can supply some of the nutrient requirements of crops and is a valuable fertilizer as well.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.63-78
• /
• 1996

The main purpose of this research project is to monitor the present state of agricultural environment and to develope the countermeasures for the protection of the environment from the pollution by animal wastes. The results of this research were described largely 3 parts, 1) Monitoring of present state of environmental pollution by animal wastes, 2) Monitoring of animal wastes treatment technology, 3) Strategies for the protection of environmental pollution from animal wastes in future. The current most important problems from animal wastes are water pollution and air pollution commonly regardless of domestic or foreign country. Especially, intensive livestocks breeding pattern in restricted area is actually a real reason of eutrophication, soil acidification, ground water contamination, irrigation water pollution. As a result from this research project, authors recommend the 3 type of strategies for the protection of environmental pollution by animal wastes, 1 . Development of non-discharge type of wastes treatment technology 2. Manufacturing local structure for animal waste recycling system 3. Development of new international environmental program for transfer bioresource and soil environment prevention.