• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.125-131
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• 2016

The aim of the present study was to develop an animal model for evaluation of temporomandibular (TMJ) nociception under TMJ inflammation. We also investigated the participation of $IL-1{\beta}$ in inflammation-induced TMJ nociception. Experiments were carried out using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Intra-articular injection of 3% formalin was administered to evaluate hyperalgesia 3 days after CFA injection. Intra-articular injection of 3% formalin did not produce nociceptive behavior in normal rats. Although intra-articular injection of 3 doses of CFA produced TMJ inflammation, only 1:3 diluted CFA produced hyperalgesia when formalin was injected intra-articularly 3 days after CFA injection. Co-administration of IL-1 receptor inhibitor with formalin into the TMJ cavity 3 days after CFA injection was performed. Co-administration of IL-1 receptor inhibitor significantly inhibited formalin-induced hyperalgesia in rats with CFA-induced TMJ inflammation. These results suggested that intra-articular injection of formalin produced hyperalgesia under chronic TMJ inflammation. Moreover, $IL-1{\beta}$ plays an important role in TMJ hyperalgesia under chronic inflammation and blockade of $IL-1{\beta}$ is a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory TMJ pain.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1213-1217
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• 2011

Electric stimulators are used for various treatments, such as for pain relief and to improve rehabilitation in and out of the hospital. However, if the stimulation pulse affects the patient's heart, it can cause critical cardiac disorders such as arrhythmia or ventricular fibrillation. As a result, it must be ensured that the transmission length of the stimulation pulse does not exceed the proper range in the design of an electric stimulator. Furthermore, every anticipated risk factor must be monitored in in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. A new stimulator was designed to supply continuous 0.001 J stimulation pulses at a rate of 60 pulses per second. To evaluate the safety of the new electric stimulator and to measure its energy transfer and pulse transmission length, we built a conduction model that was filled with saline and measured the electric field at various positions in response to real stimulations. In an animal experiment with two pigs, heart disorders were induced by applying electric stimulation to tissues near the heart. These heart disorders were different from the result obtained with 9 V DC stimulation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.29.1-29.8
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• 2023

Objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that cryotherapy duration influences lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Six Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used. Five sites were selected per animal and divided into 5 groups: a negative control group (NC), 2 positive control groups (PC1 and PC2), and 2 experimental groups (E1 and E2). Cryotherapy was applied for 1 minute (E1) or 5 minutes (E2). An acute inflammatory response was induced in the PC and E groups via subcutaneous administration of 0.5 mL/kg. In the PC2 group, a catheter was inserted without additional treatment. For the E1 and E2 groups, 2.5℃ saline solution was administered through the implanted catheters for 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The rats were sacrificed, and samples were obtained and processed for histological analysis, specifically examining the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and hemorrhage. The χ² test was used to compare the presence of acute inflammation across groups. Dependent variables were compared using the linear-by-linear association test. Results: Inflammation and hemorrhage varied significantly among the groups (p = 0.001). A significantly higher degree of acute inflammation was detected (p = 0.0002) in the PC and E1 samples than in the E2 group, in which cryotherapy was administered for 5 minutes. The PC and E1 groups also exhibited significantly greater numbers of neutrophils (p = 0.007), which were essentially absent in both the NC and E2 groups. Conclusions: Cryotherapy administration for 5 minutes reduced the acute inflammation associated with LPS and catheter implantation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.2304-2310
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• 2014

The synthesis and in vivo evaluation of 5-methoxy-2-(phenylethynyl)quinoline (MPEQ) 3 as a potential mGluR5 selective radioligand is described. We have identified MPEQ 3 exhibiting the analgesic effect in the neuropathic pain animal model. The effect of mGluR5 on neuronal activity in rat brain was evaluated through FDG/PET imaging in the presence of MPEQ 3. In addition, the PET study of [$^{11}C$]MPEQ 3 proved that accumulation of [$^{11}C$]MPEQ 3 in rat brain was correlated to the localization of the mGluR5.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 2021

Objectives The present study was designed to find out the therapeutic effects and possible underlying mechanism of Buja-tang, a herbal complex formula on experimental monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis. Methods Osteoarthritis models were created via intra-joint injection of MIA (50 μL with 80 mg/mL) in rats. Rats were divided into five groups and each group consisted of seven. Normal group was not injected MIA and did a normal diet. Control group injected MIA and received distilled water. Indo injected MIA and oral administration of 5 mg/kg of indomethacin. BJTL injected MIA and oral administration of 100 mg/kg of Buja-tang. BJTH injected MIA and oral administration of 200 mg/kg of Buja-tang. We analyzed weight-bearing ability of hind paws, oxidative stress related factor, antioxidant protein, inflammatory protein, inflammatory messenger and cytokine in joint tissue. Pathological observation of knee cartilage tissue structures was also performed with hematoxylin & eosin and safranin-O chromosomes. Results Weight-bearing ability of hind paws showed a tendency to reduce pain. The incidence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and p22phox in articular tissue was significantly reduced, and the incidence of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutases was significantly increased. The incidence of phosphorylated inhibitor of κBα, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β decreased significantly. In pathological observation, cartilage tissue damaged by MIAs in biopsy has significantly recovered from Buja-tang administration. Conclusions Buja-tang has anti-inflammation, antioxidation and pain relief effects. So this is thought to inhibit the progress of osteoarthritis in rat caused by the MIA.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.155-164
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• 2008

Resveratrol has been known to possess various potent cardiovascular effects in animal, but there is little information on its functional effect on the secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the perfused model of the adrenal medulla. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of resveratrol on the CA secretion from the isolated perfused model of the normotensive rat adrenal gland, and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Resveratrol (10${\sim}100{\mu}$M) during perfusion into an adrenal vein for 90 min inhibited the CA secretory responses evoked by ACh (5.32 mM), high $K^+$ (a direct membrane-depolarizer, 56 mM), DMPP (a selective neuronal nicotinic $N_n$ receptor agonist, 100${\mu}$M) and McN-A-343 (a selective muscarinic $M_1$ receptor agonist, 100${\mu}$M) in both a time- and dose- dependent fashion. Also, in the presence of resveratrol (30${\mu}$M), the secretory responses of CA evoked by veratridine 8644 (an activator of voltage-dependent$Na^+$ channels, 100${\mu}$M), Bay-K-8644 (a L-type dihydropyridine $Ca^{2+}$ channel activator, 10${\mu}$M), and cyc1opiazonic acid (a cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase inhibitor, 10${\mu}$M) were significantly reduced. In the simultaneous presence of resveratrol (30${\mu}$M) and L-NAME (an inhibitor of NO synthase, 30${\mu}$M), the CA secretory evoked by ACh, high $K^+$, DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644 and cyc1opiazonic acid were recovered to a considerable extent of the corresponding control secretion compared with the inhibitory effect of resveratrol alone. Interestingly, the amount of nitric oxide (NO) released from the adrenal medulla was greatly increased in comparison to its basal release. Taken together, these experimental results demonstrate that resveratrol can inhibit the CA secretory responses evoked by stimulation of cholinergic nicotinic receptors, as well as by direct membrane-depolarization in the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal gland. It seems that this inhibitory effect of resveratrol is exerted by inhibiting an influx of both ions through $Na^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ channels into the adrenomedullary cells as well as by blocking the release of $Ca^{2+}$ from the cytoplasmic calcium store, which are mediated at least partly by the increased NO production due to the activation of NO synthase.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.55-65
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• 2016

Objectives : Mibyeong is a korea medicine have original concept of the disease. However, no previous report has effect of mibyeong herbal medicine in fatigue types of mibyeong. This study investigated the question of whether Dang Gui Bo Hyul-tang(DGBHT) of effect on fatigue types of Mibyeong. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were randomaly divided into three group (n=10). The mice were then group (1) Nocontrol, (2) Restraunt stress(veh), (3) Dang Gui Bo Hyul-tang 200mg/kg. The administered Dang Gui Bo Hyul-tang 200mg/kg or distilled water (orally) 1 hr prior to daily exposure to repeated restraint stress (2 h) for 15 days. The performed behavior test (Mechanical hyperalgesia test,, Open-field test, Forced swimming test, Sucrose preference test and immunostaining and biochemical measured in serum. Results : Stress fatigue induced mices significantly increased lethargic, hyperalgesia through behavior test (Mechanical hyperalgesia test (decrease 43%), Open-field test ($4,809{\pm} 226.13cm$ vs. $3121{\pm}226.64cm$), Forced swimming test ($11.45{\pm}3.96$ vs. $79.10{\pm}8.12sec$), Sucrose preference test (decrease 58%)). In addition, chronic fatigue model evidently increased corticosterone level ($122.54{\pm}18.88$ vs. $186.94{\pm}18.26ng/ml$), AST level ($46.22{\pm}3.23$ vs. $31.40{\pm}3.86U/L$), ALT level ($38.78{\pm}5.72$ vs. $17.60{\pm}1.30$), liver necrosis, lateral ventricle size. These alterations were significantly ameliorated by DGBHT. DGBHT significantly attend the elevated serum concentrations of corticosterone ($155.90{\pm}6.29ng/ml$), AST ($31.40{\pm}3.86U/L$), ALT ($17.60{\pm}1.30U/L$). Moreover, DGBHT improved lethargic, hyperalgesia when compared the stress fatigue (Mechanical hyperalgesia test (improve 28%), Open-field test ($4,038{\pm}615.81cm$), Forced swimming test ($7.56{\pm}1.88sec$), Sucrose preference test (increase 21%) Conclusions : Theses result suggest that DGBHT have improved lethargic, hyperalgesia and fatigue-associated hormone and liver protective on stress fatigue model. It will be necessary to research to present evidences on benefits and effects of Korean medical treatment for Mibyeong through clinical researches based on benefits and effects of those animal models.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. Inflammation is a recognized and important factor of OA progression. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Corni Fructus water extract (CFW) on a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat model of OA. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA (50 µL; 80 mg/mL) into the knee joint cavity of rats. After an adaptation period for seven days, the rats were divided into 4 groups (n=8/group): normal, control, indomethacin-treated (5 mg/kg), and CFW-treated (200 mg/kg) groups. The rats were treated orally for 14 days. Pain was evaluated by determining hind paw weight distribution. For biochemical analyses, we measured the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) in the knee joint. The presence of anti-oxidant proteins and inflammatory proteins was determined by western blotting. Results: The administration of CFW significantly improved the hind paw weight distribution. The ROS and ONOO^- levels of knee joint were significantly decreased in the CFW group. CFW inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators, such as COX-2, and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-1β, via the NF-κB signaling pathway. The expression of anti-oxidant enzymes, such as catalase and GPx-1/2 also increased significantly. Conclusions: The findings indicate that CFW has a therapeutic and protective effect on OA by suppression of inflammation. Therefore, CFW could represent a potential and effective candidate for OA treatment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 2012

Background : Interstitial cystitis is a disorder of the bladder characterized by urgency and frequency of urination, and pelvic pain. The cause of interstitial cystitis is not clear. Modern medical treatments include behavioral therapy, medication, intravesical infusion therapy, and surgical treatment, but the goal of treatment is based on symptom relief rather than a cure. According to a recent report, in an animal model, oriental medicine treatment, Yukmijihwang-tang improved the symptoms of interstitial cystitis. However, clinical studies and experimental research are lacking. Objectives : In this study, We investigated Chuknyojetong-tang, acupuncture, moxibustion and bee venom effect on interstitial cystitis. Methods : We targeted 25 patients diagnosed with interstitial cystitis at the university hospital and treated them for more than one month. We used acupuncture, Chuknyojetong-tang, and bee venom. The effects were evaluated using ICSI and ICPI at the begin of treatment and at the end of treatment. Results : All of the 25 patients were female, average age was $53.3{\pm}13.5$ years, and the average month of disease-duration was $69.0{\pm}59.8$. The duration of treatment was $8.0{\pm}5.4$ months, and 60% of patients were improved. After treatment, we used correlation coefficient method, multiple regression analysis. ICSI difference increased as treatment period increased. ICPI difference increased as age decreased. Total difference also increased as treatment period increased. These results imply that treatment effect was improved. Conclusions : These findings suggest that oriental medicine therapy using Chuknyojetong-tang, acupuncture, moxibustion, and bee venom would be very effective on interstitial cystitis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.15.1-15.18
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• 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) involves cartilage degeneration, thereby causing inflammation and pain. Cardiovascular diseases, such as dyslipidemia, are risk factors for OA; however, the mechanism is unclear. We investigated the effect of dyslipidemia on the development of OA. Treatment of cartilage cells with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) enhanced abnormal autophagy but suppressed normal autophagy and reduced the activity of transcription factor EB (TFEB), which is important for the function of lysosomes. Treatment of LDL-exposed chondrocytes with rapamycin, which activates TFEB, restored normal autophagy. Also, LDL enhanced the inflammatory death of chondrocytes, an effect reversed by rapamycin. In an animal model of hyperlipidemia-associated OA, dyslipidemia accelerated the development of OA, an effect reversed by treatment with a statin, an anti-dyslipidemia drug, or rapamycin, which activates TFEB. Dyslipidemia reduced the autophagic flux and induced necroptosis in the cartilage tissue of patients with OA. The levels of triglycerides, LDL, and total cholesterol were increased in patients with OA compared to those without OA. The C-reactive protein level of patients with dyslipidemia was higher than that of those without dyslipidemia after total knee replacement arthroplasty. In conclusion, oxidized LDL, an important risk factor of dyslipidemia, inhibited the activity of TFEB and reduced the autophagic flux, thereby inducing necroptosis in chondrocytes.