• 신재생에너지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2008

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most promising method of treating and recycling of different organic wastes, such as OFMSW, household wastes, animal manure, agro-industrial wastes, industrial organic wastes and sewage sludge. During AD, i.e. degradation in the absence of oxygen, organic material is decomposed by anaerobes forming degestates such as an excellent fertilizer and biogas, a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane. AD has been one of the leading technologies that can make a large contribution to producing renewable energy and to reducing $CO_2$ and other GHG emission, it is becoming a key method for both waste treatment and recovery of a renewable fuel and other valuable co-products. A classification of the basic AD technologies for the production of biogas can be made according to the dry matter of biowaste and digestion temperature, which divide the AD process in wet and dry, mesophilic and thermophilic. The biogas produced from AD plant can be utilized as an alternative energy source, for lighting and cooking in case of small-scale, for CHP and vehicle fuel or fuel in industrials in case of large-scale. This paper provides an overview of the status of biogas production and utilization technologies.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.202-205
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• 2008

Anaerobic digestion(AD) is the most promising method of treating and recycling of different organic wastes, such as OFMSW, household wastes, animal manure, agro-industrial wastes, industrial organic wastes and sewage sludge. During AD, i.e. degradation in the absence of oxygen, organic material is decomposed by anaerobes forming degestates such as an excellent fertilizer and biogas, a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane. AD has been one of the leading technologies that can make a large contribution to producing renewable energy and to reducing $CO_2$ and other GHG emission, it is becoming a key method for both waste treatment and recovery of a renewable fuel and other valuable co-products. A classification of the basic AD technologies for the production of biogas can be made according to the dry matter of biowaste and digestion temperature, which divide the AD process in wet and dry, mesophilic and thermophilic. The biogas produced from AD plant can be utilized as an alternative energy source, for lighting and cooking in case of small-scale, for CHP and vehicle fuel or fuel in industrials in case of large-scale. This paper provides an overview of the status of biogas production and utilization technologies.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.98-109
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• 2002

피혁 제조 공정에서 발생되는 각종 피혁 가공 폐기물의 발생율은 원료피 기준 거의 50% 이상이며 배출되는 피혁 가공 폐기물들은 50% 이상의 수분을 함유한 동물성 유지 및 섬유상 단백질로 구성되어 있어 귀중한 유지 및 단백질 자원임에도 불구하고 다른 용도로의 재활용 적용 없이 대부분 산업 폐기물로 소각하거나 단순 매립 처리하고 있다. 이로 인해 이들 피혁 가공 폐기물에 의한 환경오염 문제가 날로 심각해져 가고 있는 실정이며 피혁 가공 폐기물에 대한 과다한 처리비용(4만원~6만원/Ton)으로 생산 원가 측면에서도 큰 부담이 되고 있다. 더욱이 Fleshing scrap, Pelt scrap과 같은 유기성 폐기물의 경우는 부패성이 높아 적절하게 처리되지 않고 불법투기될 경우에 발생하는 악취, 오수 누출 등에 의한 2차 오염이 발생됨으로 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 재자원화 실험을 실시하여 유지 및 단백질의 재회수 기술 개발과 이를 이용한 재 자원화 기술 개발로 피혁 처리용 약품을 제조하였다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 1995

액상 폐기물의 자원화 처리 방법의 하나로서 공해방지와 지력증강을 위하여 액상유우 분뇨의 호기성 처리기술을 실용화하는데 기초자료가 되는 액상유우 분뇨의 화학적 특성 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 1)고액 분리하지 않은 액상유우 분뇨의 고형물 농도(TS)는 7.54(%wb), 산도(pH)는 6.92, 유기물 농도(TS)는 79.34(%TS), 화학적 산소 요구량(COD)은 81,300~96,500(mg/$\ell$), 암모니아태 질소(NH$_3$-N)는 1,690~2,300(mgfe), 및 질산태 질소(NO,-Pf)는 36.0-40.0(mg/$\ell$) 이었다. 2) 고액분리된 액상유우 분뇨의 화학적 특성은 우사형식, 분뇨배출방식, 고액분리기 종류 등에 따라 상이하며 고형물 농도는 4.43~7.95(%wb), 산도(pH)는 7.31, 유기물 농도(VS)는 74.57~79.93(%TS), 화학적 산소 요구량(COD)은 52,400~73,700(mg/$\ell$), 암모니아태 질소(NH$_3$-N)는 2,035~2,960(mg/$\ell$), 질산태 질소(NO$_3$-N)는 19.0~30.0(mg/$\ell$) 의 범위를 나타내고 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1773-1775
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• 2002

Tannery waste contained 90.93% DM, 77.02% CP, 0.77% CF, 2.83% EE, 7.19% ash and 3,450 kcal ME/kg DM. A total of 144 day-old broiler chicks were divided into three dietary groups; $D_1$ (Containing 10% protein concentrate-PC), $D_2$ (Containing 5% PC+5% tannery waste-TW) and $D_3$ (Containing 10% TW) having 3 replicates of 16 chicks in each. The birds were fed broiler starter diet containing 22% CP, 3,000 kcal ME/kg and broiler finisher diet containing 21% CP, 3,100 kcal ME/kg up to 42 days of age, and meat yield traits were measured from the representative birds from each replication to asses the feasibility of using tannery waste in the diet of broiler. Feed intake, live weight, feed conversion efficiency and livability did not differ between diets (p>0.05) but the cost of production and profitability differed significantly (p<0.001). Profitability of D1, D2, and D3 diets were 2.98, 9.90 and 14.04 Taka/kg respectively. Diets did not affect on meat yield traits (p>0.05), except gizzard, shank and feather weight (p<0.01). Gizzard and shank weigh were improved with increasing level of tannery wastes in the diet, hence tannery waste can be used without any harmful effect in the broiler diet.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2000년도 제20회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.93-104
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• 2000

Rivers of our country are in the serious state of water pollution because of sewages, factory wastes, domestic animal excreta, and so forth. The development of waste water treatment technology applied in a small-scaled farm is urgent because the government regulation becomes strict. In the present study, four types of solid fuels are made by blending domestic animal excreta, rice hulls and briquets, and its combustion characteristics is investigated by analyzing burning pictures. Domestic animal excreta sampled from a farm in Kimhae was dried with sunlight. From experimental results, it is shown that combustion characteristics of solid fuels becomes better by blending rice hulls which have superior ignitability. Since solid fuel made by blending domestic animal excreta with rice hulls can bum continuously, it can be appropriate for the heating fuels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2001

Animals are one of the important memberships of the food chain. The low-efficiency rule of nutrient transfer from one member to the next in the food chain determines the low efficiency of animal agriculture for human food. On the average, about 20% feed proteins and 15% feed energy can be converted into edible nutrients for humans. The rest proportion of feed nutrients is exposed to the environment. Environmental pollution, therefore, is inevitable as animal agriculture grows intensively and extensively. The over-loading of the environment by nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus from animal manure results in soil and water spoilage. The emission of gases like $CH_2$, $CO_2$, $SO_2$, NO, $NO_2$ by animals are one of the contributors for the acidification of the environment and global warming. The inefficient utilization of natural resources and the probable unsafety of animal products to human health are also a critical environmental issue. Improving the conversion efficiency of nutrients in the food chain is the fundamental strategy for solving environmental issues. Specifically in animal agriculture, the strategy includes the improvements of animal genotypes, nutritional and feeding management, animal health, housing systems and waste disposal programs. Animal nutrition science plays a unique and irreplaceable role in the control of nutrient input and output in either products or wastes. Several nutritional methods are proved to be effective in alleviating environmental pollution. A lot of nutritional issues, however, remain to be further researched for the science of animal nutrition to be a strong helper for sustainability of animal agriculture.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1998

The dramatic increase in both swine and cattle production in Korea has presented problems related to protection of water resources. Animal wastes are a potentially valuable source of plant nutrients. Modern liquid waste management plans for a livestock housing need to focus on the slurry aeration and composting control methods and cost effective equipments. Recent developments in the animal manure liquid composting make it possible to improve the manure more easier to handle, reduce the odorous, labors and bedding materials, kill the weed seeds etc. However, there are some disadvantages, the aerator consumes much electrical power and initial cost is high. To solve these problems, this study is intended to develop a key points such as slurry aeration and dilution, liquid waste composting equipments.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2015

This work aims to utilize wastes from the potato starch industry to produce single-cell protein (SCP) with high lysine content as animal feed. In this work, S-(2-aminoethyl)-_L-cysteine hydrochloride-resistant Bacillus pumilus E1 was used to produce SCP with high lysine content, whereas Aspergillus niger was used to degrade cellulose biomass and Candida utilis was used to improve the smell and palatability of the feed. An orthogonal design was used to optimize the process of fermentation for maximal lysine content. The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: temperature of 40℃, substrate concentration of 3%, and natural pH of about 7.0. For unsterilized potato starch wastes, the microbial communities in the fermentation process were determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results showed that the dominant population was Bacillus sp. The protein quality as well as the amino acid profile of the final product was found to be significantly higher compared with the untreated waste product at day 0. Additionally, acute toxicity test showed that the SCP product was non-toxic, indicating that it can be used for commercial processing.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.100-114
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• 2005

한 해 발생량이 약 1억톤(2003년도 기준)에 달하는 유기성 폐기물은 '생물에 유래한 동식물성의 폐기물로서 유기물 함량이 40%이상인 폐기물'로 정의된다. 이러한 유기성 폐기물은 종류 및 발생원이 다양하고, 관리주체가 환경부, 농림부, 산림부 등 각 기관으로 분산되어 있기 때문에 정확한 발생량조차 파악이 어려우며, 무엇보다 이처럼 다원화 된 관리주체 하에서 각 폐기물 특성에 따른 적절한 관리 및 처리가 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 유기성 폐기물의 자원화체제의 구축을 위해서는 통합관리체계의 수립이 필요하며, 여기서 말하는 통합관리시스템은 다양한 의미를 가지게 된다. 우선적으로 관리측면에서는 여러 기관으로 분산되어 통계 규제되고 있는 유기성폐기물을 일원화하는 통합관리, 둘째는 성상이 유사한 폐기물을 혼합하여 서로 특징을 상호보완하도록 하는 통합관리, 자원화시스템을 일방적인 하나의 방법이 아닌 다양한 방법을 지자체별로 설치하게 하여 자원화대상물질, 최종생성물 면에서 통합 관리하는 것을 뜻한다. 이러한 통합관리체계의 구축을 위해서는 기본적으로 통계시스템 혹은 그 외에서 관리되고 있는 유기성폐기물의 특성, 발생 및 처리현황을 파악하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 6가지 종류(음식물류폐기물, 하수슬러지, 폐수처리 슬러지, 분뇨처리슬러지, 축산분뇨, 동식물성잔재물)의 유기성 폐기물과 이들 유기성 폐기물을 원료로 하여 생산된 3종류의 자원화 제품(퇴비, 사료, 혐기성소화 잔재물)에 대한 물리 화학적 성상 분석을 실시하였으며, 이 결과를 토대로 하여 각 폐기물 간 특성 및 상관성 분석을 통해 유기성폐기물의 통합관리 구축에 있어서 요구되는 각 폐기물의 자원화 가능성에 대해 고찰 하였다. 이러한 자료는 향후 유기성 폐기물 통합관리 구축에 있어 중요 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.