• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.939-945
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• 2003

Seventeen Chinese indigenous pig breeds and three introduced pig breeds had been carried out by means of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). According to the results, eight serum protein loci were highly polymorphic except Pi-2 and Cp. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of Hpx was the highest (0.5268), while that of Cp was the lowest (0.0257). The population genetic variation index showed that about 84% genetic variation existed in the population, and the rest of 16% distributed between the populations. The genetic variation of Yimeng black pig and Duroc were the highest and the lowest, respectively. The genetic variation of Chinese indigenous pig breeds was much more than that of exotic groups. Genetic distance results showed that Chinese indigenous pig breeds were classified into four groups with the three introduced pig breeds clustered into another group. The results also supported the geographic distribution of Chinese indigenous pig breeds in certain extent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1032-1037
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• 2009

The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of partial replacement of spray-dried porcine protein (SDPP) or fish meal with soybean and shrimp protein hydrolysate (SSPH) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in weaned pigs. Two hundred and forty 21${\pm}$2 d old pigs ((Pietrain${\times}$Duroc)${\times}$(Landrace${\times}$Large Yorkshire)) with initial weight of 6.9${\pm}$0.5 kg were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment and eight piglets per replicate. The control diet (T1) contained 2% SDPP and 6% fishmeal, and SDPP for experimental diets T2 and T3 was replaced with 1% and 2% SSPH, respectively, on an iso-nitrogenous basis. The fishmeal for experimental diets T4 and T5 was replaced with 1% and 2% SSPH, respectively, also on an iso-nitrogenous basis. The experimental period was 21 days. The results showed that weaned piglets fed the diets containing 1% and 2% SSPH as a replacement for SDPP had similar average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed/gain (F/G), diarrhea rate and serum biochemical indices e.g. blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total serum protein (TP), albumin to globulin ratio (A/G), globulin (GLO), serum glucose (GLU), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) to those fed the control diet during 0-10 d and 0-21 d of the experiment. The substitution of 1% SSPH on an iso-nitrogenous basis for fish meal appeared to be beneficial for ADG (p = 0.59) and ADFI (p = 0.23) of piglets during the overall period. The digestibility of calcium was higher (p<0.01) in pigs fed diets containing SSPH than on the control diet. Addition of 1% SSPH on an iso-nitrogenous basis for fish meal could increase the digestibilities of dry matter and energy of the diet. Dietary replacement of fish meal with 1% and 2% SSPH had no effect on the concentrations of BUN, TP, A/G, GLO, GLU, and IgG. In conclusion, dietary SDPP or fish meal could partially replace SSPH without any adverse effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in weaned piglets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1246-1254
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• 2004

Two separate trials were designed to determine effects of dietary level of whole flaxseed (WFS) on fatty acid composition of serum, and subcutaneous, perirenal, intermuscular, and intramuscular adipose tissues of Korean Hanwoo cattle. Twentyone bulls (trial 1) and 15 cows (trial 2) were assigned to diets containing 0, 10 or 15% WFS. Relative treatment effects were similar between bulls and cows. The proportion of C18:3 in serum and to a lesser extent in adipose tissues were increased by dietary inclusion of WFS, reflecting supplemented lipid composition of WFS that escaped ruminal biohydrogenation. Animals fed WFS had a lower proportion of saturated fatty acids in serum and adipose tissues than animals fed diets without WFS, while the opposite trend was observed in unsaturated fatty acids with little differences between two WFS groups. WFS-fed animals had higher proportions of C18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:3, and 22:3 and lower proportions of C12:0, 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0 in intramuscular fat than animals fed diets without WFS. Furthermore, feeding WFS increased proportions of both $\omega$-3 and $\omega$-6 fatty acids but decreased the ratio of $\omega$-6/$\omega$-3 substantially. In conclusion, feeding WFS can be an effective method of increasing absorption of unsaturated fatty acids, and subsequent deposition in adipose tissues.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of bovine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos cultured in serum-free conditions. Bovine NT embryos cultured in various culture conditions were compared blastocyst development, total cell number and apoptosis using TUNEL assay. In experiment 1, blastocyst rates of NT embryos were significantly higher (P<0.01) in FBS (22.0％) and BSA (26.6％) groups than in PVA (6.3％) group. Total cell number was significantly higher in FBS (78.4$\pm$19.4) and BSA (90.9$\pm$29.1) groups than in PVA group (46.0$\pm$0.0). Apoptotic cell number was significantly fewer in FBS (3.1$\pm$1.4) and BSA (1.7$\pm$1.4) groups than in PVA group (7.0$\pm$20.0) However, all of results were not different between the FBS and BSA group. In experiment 2, blastocyst rates of NT embryos were significantly higher (P<0.05) in fatty acid free-BSA (FAF-BSA) group (26.8％) than in fraction V-BSA group (11.2％). Total cell number were somewhat higher in FAF-BSA group (89.8$\pm$30.7) than in fraction V-BSA group (88.1$\pm$19.3). Apoptotic cell number were somewhat fewer in FAF-BSA (1.7$\pm$1.5) group than in fraction V-BSA group (4.2$\pm$2.9). These findings suggest that serum free condition were effective for the in vitro development of bovine NT embryos. Therefore, we concluded that fatty acid free-BSA has beneficial effect in development bovine NT embryos and can be use as a serum substitute.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2021

This study evaluated the effect of microwave-dried black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (HILM) as a dietary protein source for broiler diets. A total of 250 male broilers were randomly allocated to five dietary treatment groups (10 replicates and 5 birds·pen^-1) which were respectively fed the following: a control diet (HI0) and four experimental diets in which soybean meal was replaced with 2 (HI2), 4, 6, and 8% HILM. At the end of the study (35 d), blood samples were collected from 10 randomly selected broilers (1 bird per pen) to determine serum parameters. Then, the broilers were slaughtered to determine volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles in cecal digesta. The average daily gain and average daily feed intake linearly decreased (p < 0.01), and the feed conversion ratio linearly increased (p < 0.05) according to the inclusion level of HILM; however, there were no significant differences between the HI0 and HI2 groups. Dietary HILM increased (p < 0.01) the total VFAs in cecal digesta and decreased (p < 0.05) the triglyceride level in the blood. The broilers fed HILM had lower (p < 0.01) serum phosphorus levels; dietary HILM increased (p < 0.05) the serum calcium level. The total VFAs in cecal digesta were positively influenced by the dietary microwave-dried HILM. However, a low inclusion level (2%) of HILM in broiler diets is proper in terms of growth performance and health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.495-499
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• 2006

In our previous studies, we demonstrated that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) enhances bovine oocyte maturation and early embryonic development in serum supplemented media. In this experiment, to determine the synergistic effect of VEGF with serum components on early embryonic development in vitro in cattle, 1 mg/ml polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) was replaced with foetal bovine serum (FBS) in maturation and culture media. Bovine oocytes were matured in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid (SOF) supplemented with PVA, PVA+5 ng/ml of VEGF, FBS, or FBS+VEGF. Fertilized oocytes were cultured in the same conditions for 8 days. The development of embryos was examined at 48 h post- insemination and on days 6, 7 and 8. The results were analyzed using repeated measures two- factor ANOVA, in which the effects of VEGF and serum were assigned as two factors. The development rate to 4- to 8-cell embryos at 48 h was significantly higher in the PVA+VEGF group than in the PVA group (44.7% and 31.5%, respectively). However, the highest development rate to 4- to 8-cell embryos was obtained from the FBS+VEGF group (58.8%). On day 8, the blastocyst rates were higher in the PVA+VEGF (22.8%), FBS (32.1%, p<0.05) and FBS+VEGF (42.1%, p<0.05) groups than in the PVA group (17.1%). Two- factor ANOVA of the development rates indicates that VEGF had a significant effect, but had no synergistic effect with serum components on early embryonic development. The results of the present study demonstrate that VEGF improves the in vitro developmental competence of bovine oocytes and/or embryos independent of the effect of serum components.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.79.1-79.14
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• 2021

Background: In contrast to human medicine, only a small number of serum tumor markers are established in veterinary medicine even though they are a non-invasive diagnostic tool. Objectives: This study examined whether survivin could be suitable as a potential canine serum tumor marker. Methods: This study measured the serum survivin concentrations of dogs with mammary tumors (n = 33), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 9), soft-tissue sarcoma (n = 18) and multicentric lymphoma (n = 22), using a commercially available, competitive immunoassay kit (BlueGene). The serum survivin concentrations were compared with those of a healthy control group (n = 20) and a control group of dogs with non-neoplastic diseases (n = 17). Results: Dogs with malignant tumors had serum survivin concentrations between 15 and 5,906 pg/mL (median, 72 pg/mL), those in the healthy group ranged from 7 to 99 pg/mL (median, 21 pg/mL) and those in the group of dogs suffering from non-neoplastic diseases from 15 to 93 pg/mL (median, 42 pg/mL). The differences in the survivin concentrations between the healthy dogs and dogs with malignant tumors and between the dogs with non-neoplastic diseases and those with malignant tumors were significant (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions: The serum survivin concentrations in dogs with malignant tumors, with some exceptions, are higher than in dogs with benign tumors and dogs that do not suffer from a malignancy. Therefore, survivin can provide information on the presence of malignant tumors and be used as a tumor marker in dogs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1184-1189
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• 2010

This work was conducted to examine the variation of immunoglobulins (Igs) in serum, immune milk, normal milk and colostrum upon implantation of a new Antigen Releasing Device (ARD). The core of each ARD housed an immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) that was made of adjuvant Quil A and type XIII lipase from a Pseudomonas sp. Each ARD was coated with polylactic acid, known as polylactide, that controls antigen release. Twenty lactating Chinese Holstein cows were divided into 2 groups (n = 10): test group and control group. All cows in the test group were implanted with a single injection in the right iliac lymph node with 3 types of ARDs, which were designed to release the antigens at d 0, 14 and 28 post-implantation. Blood and milk samples were collected from both groups, and colostrum samples were also collected from other post-partum cows in the same farm. Concentrations of $IgG_1$, IgA and IgM in whey and serum were measured by sandwich ELISA. The results showed that the $IgG_1$, IgA and IgM concentrations in serum and whey from the test group were higher than from the control group. Among the three Igs measured, the $IgG_1$ concentration in serum was significantly higher at d 40 after ARD implantation, and the $IgG_1$ concentration in whey peaked at d 9, 17 and 30, which corresponded with release of the antigen. Based on Pearson's correlation between Ig concentration and production parameters, IgA concentration in normal milk was positively correlated with lactation period, which reflected IgA changes during the lactation period in immune milk. In colostrum, $IgG_1$, IgA and IgM decreased abruptly from d 0 to 3, and then decreased slightly. In conclusion, serum $IgG_1$ concentration can be affected by controlled release of the ARD, while whey IgA levels are primarily affected by lactation period. These results may be useful in future studies designed to regulate concentrations of Igs in immune milk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1519-1526
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• 2010

Serum lipid (SL) is a commercially available cholesterol-rich, proteinaceous compound extracted from bovine serum. Here we investigated the adipogenic transdifferentiation potential of SL on bovine myogenic satellite cells. Exposure of satellite cells to SL could generate lipid droplets on day 2, and further exposure to SL increased cytoplasmic lipid accumulation giving adipocyte morphology. The expression analysis of PPAR gamma and GPDH adipocyte markers along with Oil-red-O staining results confirmed the transdifferentiation potential of SL. When cells were treated at different concentrations (5, 10, 20, $40{\mu}l$/ml) of SL, the results indicated that even levels as low as $5{\mu}l$ SL /ml could induce transdifferentiation, and maximum induction was obtained at $20{\mu}l$ SL/ml. After treatment with SL at different concentrations the expression levels of PPAR gamma varied significantly (p<0.05), whereas the expression of other adipogenic transcription factors showed no difference, indicating that SL acts through PPAR gamma. The combined effect of SL and troglitazone proved to be the best combination for induction of transdifferentiation compared to the individual effect of SL or troglitazone. Thus, overall results clearly show that SL induces transdifferentiation of bovine myogenic satellite cells to adipocytes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.714-718
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the effect of DL-methionine (Met) and DL-methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) supplementation on the growth performance, contents of serum amino acids and activities of digestive protease in broiler chicks from 0 to 3 weeks old . There were three treatments in this study: (1) control (basal diet), (2) 0.24% Met supplementation and (3) 0.368% MHA supplementation. The results showed that Met and MHA supplementation did not significantly (p>0.05) improve feed efficiency and body weight gain for broilers from 0-1, 0-2 and 0-3 weeks of age. The serum levels of homocystine, methionine and taurine were significantly (p<0.05) higher with supplementation of Met or MHA than with control. The pepsin activity of proventriculus was increased with (p<0.05) Met supplementation at 21 days of age and with MHA supplementation at 7 and 14 days of age. The trypsin activity was also increased (p<0.05) with MHA supplementation at 7 days of age. The chymotrypsin activity in pancreas and the dipeptidase activity in small intestinal mucosa and content were not affected (p>0.05) by Met or MHA supplementation.