• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.225-228
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• 2021

Eleven Gonioctena species have been recorded in the Korean Peninsula. Most species in the genus have very similar coloration and morphology. The male genitalia is generally used as the only reliable diagnostic character differentiating closely related species, but it is still difficult to identify females to species accurately. Here, we determined the COI barcodes of two Gonioctena species described from Korea and give morphological descriptions. The interspecific genetic divergence (Kimura 2-parameter) among the Gonioctena ranged from 0.073 to 0.138 and averaged 0.108. The pairwise genetic distance between the two Korean species(0.102) is similar to the average interspecific divergence. We predict that these analyses will help to resolve taxonomic issues and find cryptic species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1674-1678
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate genetic correlations between the behavioural profile and performance in laying hens as an indirect answer to the question whether the observed behavioural responses are associated with increased levels of stress in these birds. Methods: The assessment of birds' temperament was carried out using the novel objects test. The behavioural test was conducted in two successive generations comprising 9,483 Rhode Island White (RIW) birds (approx. 4,700 individuals per generation) and 4,326 Rhode Island Red (RIR) birds (approx. 2,100 individuals per generation). Based on the recorded responses, the birds were divided into two groups: a fearful profile (1,418 RIW hens and 580 RIR hens) and a brave/curious profile (8,065 RIW hens and 3,746 RIR hens). The birds were subjected to standard assessment of their performance traits, including SM, age at sexual maturity; ST, shell thickness; SG, egg specific gravity; EW, mean egg weight; IP, initial egg production; and HC, number of hatched chicks. The pedigree was three generations deep (including two behaviourrecorded generations). Estimation of the (co)variance components was performed with the Gibbs sampling method, which accounts for the discrete character of the behavioural profile denotation. Results: The analyses revealed negative correlations between the performance traits of the laying hens and the behavioural profile defined as fearful. In the group of fearful RIW birds, delayed sexual maturation (0.22) as well as a decrease in the initial egg production (-0.30), egg weight (-0.54), egg specific gravity (-0.331), shell thickness (-0.11), and the number of hatched chicks (-0.24) could be expected. These correlations were less pronounced in the RIR breed, in which the fearful birds exhibited a decline in hatchability (-0.37), egg specific gravity (-0.11), and the number of hatched chicks (-0.18). There were no correlations in the case of the other traits or they were positive but exhibited a substantial standard error, as for the egg weight. Conclusion: To sum up the results obtained, it can be noted that behavioural responses indicating fearfulness, i.e. escape, avoidance, and approach-avoidance may reflect negative emotions experienced by birds. The negative correlations with performance in the group of fearful hens may indirectly indicate a high level of stress in these birds, especially in the white-feathered birds, where stronger performance-fearfulness correlations were found. Fearful birds should be eliminated from breeding by inclusion of the behavioural profile in the selection criterion in the case of laying hens.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.555-561
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• 2014

Artificial intelligence in the game is mainly used to determine patterns of behavior of NPC (Non Player Character) and the enemy, path finding. These artificial intelligence is implemented by FSM (Finite State Machine) or Flocking method. The number of NPC behavior in FSM method is limited by the number of FSM states. If the number of states is too small, then NPC player can know the behavior patterns easily. On the other hand, too many implementation cases make it complicated. The NPC behaviors in Flocking method are determined by the leader's decision. Therefore, players can know easily direction of movement patterns or attack pattern of NPCs. To overcome these problem, this paper proposes agonistic behaviors(attacks, threats, showing courtesy, avoidance, submission)in animals to apply for the NPC, and implements agonistic behaviors using Unity3D engine. This paper can help developing a real sense of the NPC artificial intelligence.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.20
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• pp.31-42
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• 2007

The archaeological site of Nambuk-dong, Yongyu Island, Incheon which goes back to the Neolithic making it difficult to identify character of site, To get information for identifying utility and character of Open-Air Hearths within the finds, an organic residues analysis was conducted on soil and stone sample, sterol was analysis to determine the originality of archaeological sample, then percentage of fatty acid was identify the species of sample. As a result, it is assumed that No. 9, 10, 12 finds once had shellfish-related materials remain, No. 32 find seemed to have animal materials, No. 42, 43 finds were related to plant. In conclusion, it seems that open-air hearths of Yongyu Island had utility mainly related to making seafood.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2004

This study is aimed that reappearance and restoration of Korean tradition monster's original shape be able to contribute in scenario material development which is filled with history, culture and long imagination of our country. As for method of this study, it is on the basis of literature investigation in history, tale, folk-tale etc. and expert's research, and also restored 50 items of Korean tradition monster in digital way. Study finding is as following. First, prescribed scope of Korean tradition monster including god, ghost, bogy and animal. Second, Korean tradition monster's pattern is classified with S degrees and 4 classes to according to grade of rank and appearance place. Third, each of 50 traditional monsters which are usable to scenario substance development was produced with graphic image and flash animation. Fourth, suggested idea for material development of cultural contents industry as like game and character based on each monster's story. Expect the developed result production from this study to be used as a resource of elevating in comprehension forward to our cultural tradition, to be used as a unique material in field of culture contents industry of game, character, cartoon and movie etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.8
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• pp.132-151
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• 2009

All of 132 kinds of fabrics are used in excavated costume from the Dongrae Jung's Tomb. Classified by its materials, it is divided into small groups as follows: 58 pieces of silk tabby 43.9%, 2 of filament silk tabby 1.5%, 14 of thin filament silk tabby 10.6%, 19 of spun yarn silk 14.4%, 4 of twill without a pattern 3.0%, 8 of patterned silk tabby 6.1%, 23 of satin damask 17.4%, 1 of damask with supplementary gold thread 0.8%, 2 of mixture fabric with silk and cotton 1.5%, and 1 of ramie fabric 0.8%. Classified by ways of weaving: 96 pieces of plain weave 73%, 23 of satin weave 17%, 8 of patterned silk tabby consisting of plain weave material and twill weave pattern-6%, 4 of twill weave 3%, and 1 of compound weave 1 %. In point of patterns, the most often used ones are plant patterns such as lotus patterns, peony patterns, plum blossom patterns, flowers representing seasons patterns, and small flower patterns. For animal patterns, it has phoenix patterns designed together with flowers representing seasons patterns. And for natural scenery patterns, it shows cloud patterns with treasures patterns together. For object patterns, it also shows treasures patterns mixed with cloud or lotus together. For geometrical patterns, it has rhomboid patterns and 卍 character patterns; some show only rhomboid patterns and others show material patterns of 卍 character patterns blended together with fruit, lotus, etc.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.139-147
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• 2003

Burckhardt (1987) combined Aphalaridae and Spondyliaspididae into the Psyllidae, as there were no character sets which had clearly defined these three families. During the analysis on the character evolution of the psyllids from the world including Australia, there were a few different results for the taxonomy of the Spondyliaspidinae. 52 species and 28 genera in the Australian native psyllids were dissected to examine the taxonomic position of the subfamily Spondyliaspidinae. All of the dissected psyllids in the subfamily Spondyliaspidinae had one follicle in the male testes, but the subfamilies of the Psyllidae except Spondyliaspidinae were having two or more follicles. By the characteristics with living on the Eucalyptus host plants recently evolved, having just one follicle which clearly defined it from other families and experienced an explosive specific diversification in the Gondwana region, it is reasonable to separate the subfamily Spondyliaspidinae from the family Psyllidae with two or more follicles.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.914-920
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of salt and drying period on the physicochemical and sensory parameters of dry-cured ham ripened in a controlled condition. In this study, three treatments were performed: High salt group (HS), salted with 7 g $kg^{-1}salt$ (w/w); Middle salt group (MS), 5 g $kg^{-1}salt$ and; Low salt group (LS), 3 g $kg^{-1}salt$. Three conditions of drying period were applied including 180, 270 and 360 d at $19^{\circ}C$ and 65% relative humidity, and the physicochemical character and sensory properties of M. biceps femoris were investigated. pH and water activity were decreased with increasing drying period, and the pH of LS was higher than that of other treatments (p<0.05). When increasing the drying period, the hardness of HS was steadily raised for 360 d, whereas LS and MS hardened between 180 and 270 d (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference after 270 d. Cohesiveness, glumness and chewiness had a positive relationship with the drying period. Also, springiness, glumness and chewiness showed a positive relationship with salt level. Chroma and hue value were improved by increasing the salt level. As the drying period increased, the rate of hardness and flavor intensity was increased. In general, this research can be used as essential information for the mass production of dry cured ham.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.9
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• pp.266-282
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• 2005

Cartoon & Animated cartoon is consists of imaginal attributes and linguistic attributes, and it is closely connected with humor and satirical contents. And then various expressions using animals as matter communicate satirical attributes of a satire strongly and easily. On this article, techniques of satirical expression using animals in Cartoon & Animated cartoon media are studied and analyzed. By the method, it looks around briefly beginning from primitive cave paintings of the prehistoric age to various contemporary Cartoon & Animated cartoon character industries as historical background of Cartoon & Animated cartoon, and also arranges various types that literary expression and representation for visual expression techniques - metaphorical expressions, emblematic expressions, figure of speech and so forth - on literature. This attempt aims for presenting a basic analysis method that connecting and combining Cartoon & Animated cartoon media with humanistic classification and making database of existing data. These accumulated data will indicate cartoon and the action of meaning.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.215-218
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• 2002

The purposes of this research are to identify the source and the extent of contamination of nitrate in groundwater in a typical agricultural area. The study area has many livestock raising facilities, rice paddies and grape farms. In order to identify the hydrogeological character, we sampled groundwater and surface water in 27 locations and performed chemical analyses. Nitrate-nitrogen is the major contaminant in this area. Approximately 32 ~ 42% of groundwater samples are over the drinking water limit(10 mg/L) and 77% estimated to be entered from artificial sources. The nitrogen isotope analysis indicates animal waste being the major source of nitrate in water samples. Not only presently operating livestock facilities but also abandoned ones influence groundwater quality for a long time.