• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.421-427
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• 2010

To isolate natural antihypertensive substances from edible seaweeds, we screened for and separated active compounds contained in natural Underia pinnatifida, cultural Underia pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica, Sporophylls and Agarum cribrosum. They were extracted using room temperature water, boiling water, acetone, and methanol in turn or using room temperature water, ether, acetone, methanol and boiling water in order. The in vitro antihypertensive activity was quantified as inhibitory efficacy against angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), which is a factor inducing hypertension. For all of the seaweeds tested, the fractions soluble in room temperature water and in boiling water showed the strongest ACE inhibitory effect among the extracted fractions. Conversely, the methanol-extracted fractions for all of the seaweeds tested showed no antihypertensive activity. While the ether and acetone fractions had slight antihypertensive effects. The compounds in the aqueous extracts that had antihypertensive activity were presumed to be polysaccharides, such as fucoidan and alginate.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 2011

Vitis hybrid (Sheridan)-Robus coreanus red wine was vinified by fermentation of a mixture of Vitis hybrid and Robus coreanus must at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. The Vitis hybrid-Robus coreanus red wine had ethanol contents of 10.9%. It had high antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of 57.8% and antioxidant activity of 64.8%. Changes in the physicochemical properties and functionality of the Vitis hybrid-Robus coreanus red wine was investigated during a post-fermentation period of three months. The ACE inhibitory activity of the red wine increased as the post-fermentation period prolonged, and showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity of 70.4% 60 days post-fermentation. However, the antioxidant activity declined significantly to 47.2% during the post-fermentation period of 60 days. In terms of sensory evaluation, the Vitis hybrid-Robus coreanus red wine had the best acceptability 60 days post-fermentation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1525-1531
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• 2013

Baegilju is a famous traditional Korean wine made over the course of 100 days. The physiological functionalities of Baegilju were evaluated using different tests. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the total concentration of polyphenolics and flavonoids and DPPH and ABTS radicals. A nitrite scavenging assay was used to evaluate antioxidant activity. The fibrin plate method was used for fibrinolysis and to evaluate angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity; finally, the colorimetric determination method was used to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. The total polyphenolic content of non-sterilized Baegilju and sterilized Baegilju were 391.59 ${\mu}g$ and 401.33 ${\mu}g$ tannic acid equivalents/ml, respectively; and the flavonoids contents were 284.75 ${\mu}g$ and 308.35 ${\mu}g$ quercetin equivalents/ml, respectively. Baegilju exhibited more excellent antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS radicals, nitrite scavenging activity) than did Cheongju. In addition, the fibrinolytic activity and AChE inhibitory activity were found to be higher in Baegilju than they were in Cheongju. The ACE inhibitory activity of non-sterilized Baegilju, sterilized Baegilju, and Cheongju were 23.62%, 19.99%, and 38.91%, respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that Baegilju has potential as an antioxidant agent and anti-thrombosis agent.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1476-1479
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• 1998

Effect of chitosan oligosaccharides on the ACE (angiotensin I converting enzyme) inhibition and antihypertension in SHR (Spontaneously hypertensive rat) was examined. The ACE inhibition activity was observed in all the chitosan oligosaccharides used in this study, and chitosan trimer exhibited the highest inhibitory activity $(IC_{50}=0.9{\mu}M)$ compared with other chitosan oligosaccharides $(IC_{50}\;:\;2.4{\sim}100\;{\mu}M)$. The results suggested that chitosan trimer was a good inhibitor of ACE in molecular level. When the single oral dose (2.14 mg/kg, similar to dose level of Captopril, known as strong ACE inhibitor) of chitosan trimer was given to 8 or 21 week aged SHR, the blood pressure reduction of both SHRs in 4hrs were $27{\pm}4.8\;mmHg\;and\;36{\pm}4.3\;mmHg$, respectively. Therefore, it was suggested that chitosan trimer could be applicable as natural ACE inhibitor related to antihypertension.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2003

Physiological functionalities of various extracts from Danmemil and legumes were determined and its optimal extraction conditions were also investigated. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Danmemil were higher in water extracts (53%, 58%) than those of ethanol extracts. However, its electron-donating ability was the highest in ethanol extracts (72%). ACE inhibitory activity and electron-donating ability of Black bean No. 1 and Taekwangkong(one of bean) were higher in water extracts than those of ethanol extracts, whereas SOD-like activity was the highest in ethanol extracts. ACE inhibitor and tyrosinase inhibitor of Danmemil were maximally extracted when it were treated with 20 times of distilled water at 35$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h and 36 h, respectively. Its electron donating compound was maximally extracted by treatment of 50$^{\circ}C$ for 18 h. ACE inhibitor of Black bean No. 1 was extracted maximally when it was treated with distilled water (1 :20) at 20$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, whereas the other functional compounds were maximally extracted at 20$^{\circ}C$ for 18 h.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.593-598
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the possible utilization of Zizyphus jujuba leaves as a source of functional ingredients. The physiological activity of different solvent fractions prepared from ethanol extract of Zizyphus jujuba leaves were analyzed. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect was very high in all fractions except chloroform fraction. The very high electron donating ability was observed in the ethylacetate fraction and the effect was similar to 0.1% tocopherol. Nitrite scavenging effect of all fractions was more than 40% even at low concentration of 1mg/ml and was increased with increasing concentration. Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activity was appeared in ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions only at high concentraton.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.119-123
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• 2003

From the 80% ethanol extraction of onion flesh, fraction I,II and III were separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Fraction II and III had a high inhibitory effect on ACE and xanthine oxidase. The ACE was about 80% at 50 ppm of fraction IIand III. The xanthine oxidase was about 82.5% at 100 ppm of fraction In. This research was studied to investigate the effects of the fraction In isolated from onion on the reduction of fat accumulation in rats fed high fat diet for 2 months. The metabolism was examined by analyzing the fat in serum and liver. It was shown that cholesterol in serum was remarkably reduced in onion fraction In as compared with those of control.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to investigate the biological function of Lycium chinence Miller yogurt. Antioxidant activity was higher in methanol extract yogurt than in water extract yogurt. The antioxidant activity was shown at 83.9% in Lycii folium extract yogurt, 47.0% in Lycii fructus extract yogurt and 54.0% in Lycii cortex extract yogurt. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor activity was shown highly both in water extract and methanol extracts from the Lycii folium. The $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitor activity was shown at the 4.0% concentration of Lycii folium extract yogurt, Lycii fructus extract yogurt and Lycii cortex extract. In an orally administrated rat, normal yogurt, Lycii fructus extract yogurt and Lycii cortex extract yogurt have no effect on blood cholesterol content. IgG production in blood is more increased in Lycii cortex extract yogurt than in normal yogurt and Lycii fructus extract yogurt.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2014

This study investigated on the effects of adding mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) hydrolysates on the quality properties of imitation fish paste (IFP) during storage. IFP was prepared from Alaska Pollack, spent laying hens surimi and protein hydrolysates which were enzymatically extracted from MDCM. The study was designed as a $3{\times}4$ factorial design with three MDCM hydrolysate content groups (0%, 0.4%, and 0.8%) and four storage times (0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks). Addition of MDCM hydrolysates increased crude fat content but lowered water content (p<0.05). The breaking force of IFP, an indicator of gel formation, increased in treated groups compared to control (p<0.05). Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was inhibited and free radical scavenging activity increased with increasing MDCM hydrolysate content (p<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of MDCM to IFP improves gel characteristics. Additionally, protein hydrolysates from MDCM serve as a potential source of ACE inhibiting peptides.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2013

${\beta}$-Glucan type oligomers which have angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity were isolated and characterized from Capsosiphon fulvescens. After C. fulvescens was hydrolysis with Alcalase at $50^{\circ}C$, supernatant was harvested and separated with ultrafiltration membrane (MWCO 2 kDa). Oligomers which were less than 2 kDa of molecular weight were harvested for characterization. The nutrient composition of Alcalase hydrolysate was 89.9% carbohydrate, 4.2% protein and 5.9% sulfate. After ultrafiltration, the nutrient composition of oligomers was changed to 99.88% carbohydrate, 0.07% protein and 0.05% sulfate. The carbohydrate composition of oligomer was glucose (97.2%) and mannose (1.5%). The ACE inhibitory activities of Alcalase hydrolysate and oligomer were 72.1% and 82%, respectively. The molecular weight of oligomer was about 1 kDa. The oligomer was analyzed with FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR and methylation. The oligomers were ${\beta}$-1,3-glucans with ${\beta}$-(1,3)-linked glucose units.