• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : Sphincteric function of the larynx, essential to lower airway protection, is most efficiently achieved through strong reflex adduction by both vocal cords. We hypothesize that central facilitation is an essential component of a bilateral adductor reflex and that its disturbance could result in weakened sphincteric closure. Materials and Method : Seven adult 20kg dogs underwent evoked response laryngeal electromyoraphy under 0.5 to 1.0 MAC isoflurane anesthesia. The internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve was stimulated through bipolar platinum-iridium electrodes and recording electrodes were positioned in the ipsilateral and contralateral thyroaryteonoid muscles. Results : Consistent threshold responses were obtained ipsilaterally under all anesthetic levels. However, contralateral reflex responses disappeared as anesthetic levels approached 1.0 MAC. Additionally, at 0.5 MAC, late responses (R2) were detected in one animal. Conclusion : Alteration of central facilitation by deepening anesthesia abolishes the crossed adductor reflex, predisposing to a weakened glottic closure response. Precise understanding of this effect may improve the prevention of aspiration in patients emerging from prolonged sedation or under heavy psychotropic control.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 1990

The microviscosites of the lipid bilayers of liposomal membranes of phospholipids were measured by the intermolecular excimer, formation method employing pyrene as a fluorescence probe, and the effects of n-alkanols and other local anesthetics on the microviscosity were investigated. The results showed that the n-alkanols and the ohter local anesthetics effectively lowered the microviscosity of the lipid bilayer of the dipalmitoyl phosphatidycholine liposomal membrane in proportion to the concentration of the additives. Moreover, there was a fairly good correlation between the ocal anesthetic activities and the microviscosity-lowering activities of these drugs. This results suggests that the nerve blocking activity of local anesthetics might have some relation with their activity fluidizing the lipid bilayer of biomembrane.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 1971

The author is the first man who tried to use an anesthetic on insect specially for silkworm in orde to evaluate the silkworm health and silk yielding ability and the obtained results are as followings. 1. The necessary ether vapor induction for narcosis on silkworms is varied by the glowth of the silkworm which the larger worm is, the longer induction is required. For instance, it was 2∼3 minutes for the worms of third day fifth instar silkworm in case use of ether anesthetic. 2. The longer anesthetic induction for silkworms, the longer recovery needs from anesthesia. In case five minutes ether vapor induction, silkworms recovered narcosis during in 5∼130 minutes which had varied very much by the health variation. 3. The ether induction caused silkworm to vomit digestive juice from a few per cent of the worms, but the chloroform induction showed majority of the worms to vomit the digestive juice out of mouth. So, the ether was found as better anesthetic for silkworms. 4. When ether induction last more than 20∼30 minutes, the recovered silkworms can eat mulberry, but when it gets more than three hours they can not eat mulberry. And when it last more than ten minutes, the silkworm may eat mulberry leaf, but they can not spinn cocoon properly. 5. In case five minutes ether induction for silkworms on third day fifth instar, the stronger variety is, the rallier recovered from narcosis. 6. The recovering duration from narcosis varies regarding with each worm health which shows Poisson′s distribution even in a same variety silkworm. 7. The female worms recover from narcosis earlier than male worms which means the female worm is stronger than male one. 8. The later recovered silkworm from narcosis spinned more rich cocoon silk and ended with smaller pupae weight. Such a tendency showed until at some recovery duration, then the silk yield droped down on the worms recovered in more longer duration. The author (Choe) had named such a relation curve as "Silk Yield Curve against Silkworm Health." 9. The silk yield or cocoon layer ratio had varied from 13 to 27% even in a same worm varity cocoon which showed serious variation and call attention carefulness for the duplication work of a variety silkworm eggs. 10. Not always the rich silk yielding worm is the best worm during the silkworm selection and it should be considered with the silkworm health evaluation. 11. At present situation, only specific breeding expert is allowed to join in the selection service because of need many years experience by use of visual observation, but the ether anesthesia method may help such an evaluation with more accuracy and easy way even for the people in fresh on the field. 12. The effect of the narcosis on the silkworm for the next generation or hybrid worm will be reported in next publication.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.199-205
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• 1985

In order to investigate experimentally the clinical effects of Soeuminsohapwon that was prescribed to cure cerebral hemorrhage, palpitation etc, the author tested various activities of extract from the Soeuminsohapwhangwon by the method prescribed in the experimental part. The results of the studies were summarized as follows: Suppressive action was not shown on the convulsion induced by strychnine, but significant effect was noted on the convulsion induced by picrotoxin and caffeine. In acetic acid method, analgesic effect was noted. A prolongation of anesthetic time by pentobarbital sodium and antipyretic effect was observed. Relaxing action was noted on the ileum of mice, also same effect was recognized on contraction of the ileum due to acetylcholine, barium chloride and histamine. The expansion of blood vessels by relaxation of smooth muscle and hypotensive action were noted. According to the above results, effects based on oriental medical references were approximate to the actual experimental results.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze outpatient anesthesia for dental treatment in handicapped patients with behavior disorder in order to use data for carrying out better and safe anesthetic management. Methods: The data were drawn from the 100 patients with behavior disorder who visited CNUDH dental clinic for disabled based on anesthesia record to investigate patient's systemic condition, cooperative level, anesthesia method according to patients cooperation, and side effects after recovery time. Results: Mental retardation (58%) is the most reason to choose general anesthesia. The methods of induction according to cooperative level are intravenous propofol injection in 22 cases and inhalation of sevoflurane in 78 cases. Induction time of anesthesia were within 10 seconds in cases of propofol induction and average $48.8{\pm}18.5$ seconds in cases of inhalation induction. The time spent on dental treatment was average $3.2{\pm}1.1$ hours. After the end of treatment, average time to move from unit chair to recovery bed, to recliner, and to discharge from hospital are $10.4{\pm}5.1$, $36.9{\pm}17.1$ and $72.4{\pm}16.0$ minutes, respectively. During recovery, there are nausea with 9%, vomiting with 4%, dizziness with 2%, finger injury with 1%. Conclusions: This study showed our successful anesthetic outcomes without any severe side effects or complications. Through this study, it will be used for safe anesthetic management as useful reference data.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.319-326
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• 2018

Although scaling is the primary method for improving oral health, it is also associated with dental fear. The objective of this study was to empirically verify whether the use of gel anesthetic within the gingival sulcus during scaling relieves pain and improves other factors. A total of 128 patients scheduled to undergo scaling at a dental clinic of a general hospital located in the Gyeonggi Province, between July 2014 and July 2015, were enrolled in the study. The participants underwent scaling following the application of 20% benzocaine gel or placebo gel anesthetic within the gingival sulcus, and the data was collected using a questionnaire. There was a significant difference in the severity of pain, participant satisfaction, perceived sensitivity, overall discomfort, and fear of scaling between the two groups. The two groups were compared in terms of perceived need for gel anesthesia, willingness to pay for anesthesia costs, and willingness to receive scaling in the future. There were significant differences in all the three parameters depending on whether gel anesthesia was used or not. There were significant differences between the two groups in perceived sensitivity immediately after scaling and one day after scaling, with no difference seen one week after scaling. With regards to overall discomfort over time, there were significant differences between the two groups immediately after scaling. Based on these findings, we expect that application of gel anesthetic within the gingival sulcus during scaling will reduce pain, perceived sensitivity, overall discomfort, and fear of scaling with increased satisfaction.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2024

Background: In pediatric dentistry, fear and anxiety are common among children. Local anesthetics (LA) are widely used to control pain and reduce discomfort in children during dental treatment. Topical anesthetics play a vital role in reducing pain and the unpleasant sensation of a needle puncture in children. Peppermint oil has been extensively used for various diseases. However, its anesthetic properties remain unknown. Peppermint oil, used in mouthwashes, toothpastes, and other topical preparations has analgesic, anesthetic, and antiseptic properties. This study aimed to compare and evaluate pain perception following the topical application of peppermint oil versus lignocaine spray before an intraoral injection in children, aged 8-13 years. Method: Fifty-two children, aged between 8-13 years, who required local anesthesia for dental treatment were divided into two groups of 26 each by simple random sampling (Group 1: 0.2% peppermint oil and Group 2: lignocaine spray). In both groups, physiological measurements (e.g., heart rate) were recorded using pulse oximetry before, during, and after the procedure. Objective pain measurement (Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scale) during administration and subjective measuremeant (Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS)) after LA administration were recorded. This was followed by the required treatment of the child. Physiological parameters were compared between the two groups using an independent t-test for intergroup assessment and a paired t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA for intragroup comparisons. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the pain scores. Results: Intragroup mean heart rates, before, during, and after treatment were statistically significantly different (P < 0.05). However, the intergroup mean pulse rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. The mean WBFPS score in the lignocaine spray group was 4.133 ± 2.06 was statistically different from that of the peppermint oil group (0.933 ± 1.03; P < 0.001^*). The mean SEM score was significantly lower in the peppermint oil group than that in the lignocaine spray group (P = 0.006). No negative effects were observed in this study. Conclusion: 0.2% peppermint oil was effective in reducing pain perception.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.432-439
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine nursing workload associated with patient and anesthetic factors in the post-anesthesia care unit(PACU). Method: The data used in this study were collected from February 26th, 2008 to May 16th, 2008. The subjects were 828patients and collected data were analyzed by using SPSS program. Results: It was found that there were statistical differences in gender, age, past history, type of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia, type of surgery. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 25 for below 17 years, and 27.5 for above 61 years. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 27 for general anesthesia, and 16 for regional anesthesia. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 29 for orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery, and 23 for ophthalmology. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 24.6 for below 1hour in duration of anesthesia, and 27.5 for above 2hours in duration of anesthesia. Conclusion: This study was carried out to examine nursing workload in the PACU. The results from this study will be help to improve nursing in PACU through efficient distribution of nursing workload in PACU.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.751-757
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the needlestick injuries in the dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 253 dental hygienists by convenience sampling from December 1, 2014 to March 20, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions of sociodemographic characteristics, 5 questions of needlestick injuries experience, 3 questions of needlestick injuries during treatment and 2 questions of needlestick handling method. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, t-test and one way ANOVA analysis using SPSS 18.0 statistical program. Results: Those who had needlestick injuries within a year were 150 persons (59.3%) and the mean was 1.28 times per year. The needlestick injuries were frequent in the local anesthetic injection to gum. The completion and removal of the needle injection by hand accidently stung the digits and hand (p<0.01). Conclusions: Needlestick injuries can happen at any time to the dental hygienists in the dental clinics, so it is necessary to handle the needlestick carefully in case of anesthetic injection.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.220-230
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to identify differences in three groups of operative patients (Forced Air Warming, Electrical Blanketrol, Control) for discomfort and pattern of body temperature during surgery and post operatively. Methods: The sample consisted of 3 randomized 3 groups of abdominal surgery patients admitted to an university hospital in D-city : The Bair Hugger and upper body blanket were used with the first group, electrical blanketrol with PVC Film with the second, and the third group was the control. ANOVA was used with the WIN SPSS 17.0 program to analyze the data. Results: Significant differences were found among the three groups for tympanic and esophageal body temperature at 1 hour after starting surgery. There was significant difference in tympanic body temperature during the 15 minute stay in the post anesthetic room. There were no significant differences in thermal discomfort while in the post anesthetic room. or There among the three groups for serum cortisol during surgery. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, application of a Bair Hugger or electrical blanketrol improves maintenance of body temperature of operative patients as well as body temperature of post operative patients, and is a clinically significant warming method providing a more consistent body temperature.