• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 2014

Recently, Andong Reservoir and Imha Reservoir located in Nakdong River basin (Korea) are being connected by a tunnel (length 2km, diameter 5.5m) for a conjunctive use. The objectives of this study were to construct a two dimensional(2D) laterally-averaged model for two reservoirs, and examine the effects of connection on the water transportation and temperature stratification in the reservoirs. The 2D models for each reservoir were calibrated using field data obtained in 2006, and applied to the linked system for the year of 2002 when a severe flood intruded into Imha Reservoir during the typhoon Rusa. Simulation results showed that 364 million $m^3$ of water can be conveyed from Imha to Andong, while 291 million $m^3$ of water from Andong to Imha after connection. It resulted in 1.38 m increase of annual averaged water level in Andong Reservoir, whereas 3.75 m decrease in Imha Reservoir. The structures of thermal stratification in both reservoirs were influenced in line with the flow exchanges. In Andong Reservoir, the location of thermocline moved upward about 10 m compared to an independent operation. The results imply that the persistent turbidity issue of Imha Reservoir might be shifted to Andong Reservoir during a severe flood event after connection.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.1562-1567
• /
• 2009

Heavy metal contamination levels in Andong reservoir and Imha reservoir were measured with heavy metal contents in both water and sediment, and analyzed with heavy metal accumulation level in inhabitant fish, Carassius auratus, using an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer and an atomic absorption spectrometer. High levels of heavy metal contents in water, sediment and the tissues of C. auratus were detected. Likewise, relatively high levels of As were detected in water and sediment from Andong reservoir. In addition, higher levels of Cr, Cu, Cd and As content were detected in muscle and bone tissues of fish from Andong reservoir than those from Imha reservoir. As a result, the heavy metal content of water, sediment and inhabitant fish, C. auratus, in Andong reservoir was higher than Imha reservoir. We proposed that heavy metal contamination in water and inhabitant fish is attributed to various metals derived from abandoned mines and farmlands that are upstream of Andong reservoir.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.377-384
• /
• 2010

Heavy metal accumulation levels of inhabitant fish, Hemibarbus labeo in Andong and Imha reservoirs were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer and atomic absorption spectrometer. Heavy metal contents of H. labeo from Andong reservoir were higher than those from Imha reservoir. Likewise, relative high contents of As, Cd and Hg were detected in the tissues from Andong reservoir. Among the heavy metals, Al, As and Fe were detected with high concentration in the gill tissues but not in the muscle tissues. Also, the average content of Zn was almost similar in all tissues. In addition, high accumulated level of Al, Cr, Cu and Mn were detected in gill and kidney tissues of H. labeo from Andong reservoir. As a result, the heavy metal contents from the inhabitant fishes, H. labeo, in Andong reservoir showed higher than those in Imha reservoir. We propose that heavy metal contamination in water and in inhabitated fishes is caused from various metals derived from water and sediments in water environment of Andong reservoir.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.8 s.88
• /
• pp.1104-1110
• /
• 2007

The number of investigated fish collected from the Andong and the Imha reservoir were 2,540 individuals 20 species belonging to 7 families, 850 individuals 11 species belonging to 4 families respectively from May 2005 to March 2006. The total number of the common 3 species individuals investigated caught from the Andong reservoir and the Imha reservoir were 486 individuals and 124 individuals respectively. The investigated individuals is similar(${\pm}2.5$ mm) to 171 individuals make a comparative study. The Opsariichthys uncirostris, Culter brevicauda, Hemiculter eigenmanni of length-weight relationship were TW = $0.00007TL^{3.0543}$, TW = $0.0000009TL^{3.3654}$, TW = $0.00000^{3.3872}$ in the Andong reservoir and TW = $0.00002TL^{2.8493}$, TW = $0.00001TL^{2.8744}$, TW = $0.000004TL^{3.1082}$ in the Imha reservoir respectively. The Condition factor(K) of the Andong reservoir showed the positive slopes in all three species and to be in a good nutrition condition; where as the condition factor(K) of the Imha reservoir showed the negative slopes in two species except in H. eigenmanni and appeared to be in a little bad nutrition condition. Relative condition factor(Kn) indicating that O. uncirostris and C. brevicauda in Andong reservoir is more rotund than ones of Imha reservoir but H. eigenmanni in the Imha reservoir is more rotund than the ones of the Andong reservoir.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.9
• /
• pp.1378-1384
• /
• 2010

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of heavy metal contamination in the aquatic environment on the fishes (Opsariichthys bidens, Cyprinus carpio, Hemiculter eigenmanni and Culter brevicauda) inhabiting Andong and Imha reservoirs by comparing and analyzing the heavy metal contents accumulated in their tissues. Heavy metal contents were shown to be higher in the Andong reservoir than in the Imha reservoir. Accumulated heavy metals, Cr, Cu and Pb, were detected in tissues and bone tissues, but Cd was also found in the kidneys. Zn content was the highest among accumulated metals, whereas Cu content was the lowest in all tissues from the fishes in the Andong and Imha reservoirs. However, the amount of Cr in the tissues showed a twofold higher level in the Andong reservoir than that in Imha reservoir. The heavy metal contents of fish inhabiting the Andong reservoir were detected to be higher than those in the Imha reservoir. We also proposed that heavy metal contamination in water and its inhabiting fish is attributed to various heavy metals derived from water and sediments in the water environment of the Andong reservoir.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.62.1-62.1
• /
• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.41.2-41.2
• /
• 2008

• ALGAE
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.333-343
• /
• 2005

Spatial and temporal variations of environmental factors and phytoplankton community were investigated in the three stations of Andong Reservoir in 1997 and 2003. The changes of physico-chemical water quality and phytoplanktonic biomass were higher in 2003 than that of 1997, due to rainfall difference. The concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the reservoir decreased, but total nitrogen fell relatively more between them. TN/TP ratio decreased from 109 to 90 showing no change at the downstream but a big decrease at the midand upstream. Predominant phylum of phytoplankton in Andong Reservoir were six genus that composed to Anabaena, Aphanizomenon and Microcystis of Cyanophyceae, Cosmarium and Scenedesmus of Chlorophyceae and Synedra of Bacillariophyceae, respectively. Among the observed phytoplankton, diatom Synedra occured as the maximum amount of 3,400 cells mL$^{-1}$ even at the above 30°C. Green algae Scenedesmus observed along with Microcystis. It seemed to be compete with Microcystis during the high water temperature period. Although trophic state of Andong Reservoir was decreased, the standing crops of phytoplankton were increased. Moreover bluegreen algae, Aphanizomenon and Microcystis in the region of upstream to midstream and diatom, Synedra in the region of midstream to downstream were increased until to reach the algal bloom, respectively. It seemed necessary to attention the changes of blue-green algae Aphanizomenon, that has an ability of nitrogen fixation.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2008

In this study, it was analyzed the soil components and elution characteristics of heavy metal ions in sediment samples to examine the effect of sediments embedded in Andong and Imha reservoirs on water quality. Major elements of sediments were shown to be Al, Si, K, and Fe by EDS analysis and major soil components of the collected 6 different sediments were illite (I), kaolinite (Ka), quartz (Q) and feldspar (F). And especially quartz took up a considerable part of sediments by XRD analysis. The total concentrations of Zn, As, Cr, Cu and Pb in sediments of Andong reservoir were relatively higher than those of Imha reservoir. The elution property of heavy metal from sediments had various aspects according to pH. Among the heavy metals in Andong reservoir sediments, As and Zn were significantly eluted at pH 6 compared with the other heavy metals. In the case of the adsorption tests using the sediments, the adsorptive capacities of Zn, Cd and Cu were very weak, on the while those of Pb and Cr were high.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.477-485
• /
• 2014

Imha Reservoir is connected to Andong Reservoir via a diversion tunnel allowing water to pass between. The diversion tunnel is equipped with screens to exclude exotic largemouth bass due to their predatory impacts on prey assemblages resulting in a degradation of species richness of local fish fauna and extinction of local fish populations in Korea. Flow pattern changes resulting from the fish screens and trash racks were investigated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Numerical simulations showed that the decrease in the discharge capacity of the tunnel is approximately 8.6% and the headloss coefficient for fish screen at Andong intake tower was determined to be 1.5. In order not to allow the small fishes enough to pass through the wire openings enter into Imha Reservoir through tunnel, the velocity in the tunnel should be greater than 1.48 m/s which is a critical ascending velocity of the bass. This study suggests that it can keep the velocity higher enough to exclude largemouth bass when a gate opens with the condition of 1.0m difference in water stage between two reservoirs.