• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2007년도 7th International Meeting on Information Display 제7권2호
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• pp.1619-1621
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• 2007

Novel optical measurement systems and improved cell configurations for measuring of azimuthal anchoring energies were developed. The difference between the mechanical rubbing direction and the optical easy axis that caused errors in the previous azimuthal anchoring energy measurement was compensated. In addition, the measurement accuracy of the twist angle and therefore the azimuthal anchoring energy was greatly enhanced. As a result, we were able to obtain valid azimuthal anchoring energy values for different alignment layers.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.265-269
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• 1996

We have studied the effect of the mesogenic core of nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) for polar (out-of-plane tilt) anchoring strength and surface order parameter on rubbed polyimide (PI) surfaces. The order of polar anchoring strength for NLCs on rubbed PI surfaces is 5CB > PCH5 > CCH5. From the above results, we suggest that the polar anchoring strength depends on the polarizability of the NLCs. The surface order parameter for NLCs is 5CB > PCH5 > CCH5 on rubbed PI surfaces. We conclude that the polar anchoring strength is strongly related to the surface order parameter on rubbed PI surfaces.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

The recent Bistable Nematic ($BiNem^{(R)}$) LCD technology presents long term bistability, high level passive matrix multiplexing, gray levels capabilities and high optical quality. The $BiNem^{(R)}$ device, based on anchoring breaking, needs specific low anchoring strength materials - alignment layers and liquid crystal mixtures. We present here our approach to develop nematic mixtures with wide enough temperature range and low zenithal anchoring energy.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 1999

We have investigated that the high pretilt angle of the NLC, 4-n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB), was observed on rubbed polythiophene (PTP) surfaces with alkyl chains with more than 10 carbon atoms; it is attributed to the surface-excluded volume effect by the alkyl chain lengths between the LCs and the PTP surfaces. Next, we investigated that the odd-even effect of the polar anchoring strength in 5CB on rubbed PTP surfaces with alkyl chain lengths has been successfully evaluated. The anchoring strength of 5CB for rubbed PTP surfaces with odd-number is weak compared with even-number up to the 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain; however, odd-number is strong compared with even-number above 7 carbon atoms. The weak anchoring strength of 5CB is approximately $1\times10^{-3} (J/m^2$) on rubbed PTP surface with 7 carbon atoms; it is relatively strong anchoring strength. Consequently, we conclude that the odd-even effects of the polar anchoring strength in NLCs are strongly related to the characteristics of the polymer and observed clearly for short alkyl chain lengths.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.783-791
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• 2019

Prefabricated reinforced-concrete shear walls are used extensively in building structures because they are convenient to construct and environmentally sustainable. To make large walls easier to transport, they are divided into smaller segments and then assembled at the construction site using a variety of connection methods. The present paper proposes a precast shear wall assembled using steel shear keys, wherein the shear keys are fixed on the embedded steel plates of adjacent wall segments by combined plug and fillet welding. The anchoring strength of shear keys is known to affect the mechanical properties of the wall segments. Loading tests were therefore performed to observe the behavior of precast shear wall specimens with different anchoring components for shear keys. The specimen with insufficient strength of anchoring components was found to have reduced stiffness and lateral resistance. Conversely, an extremely high anchoring strength led to a short-column effect at the base of the wall segments and low deformation ability. Finally, for practical engineering purposes, a design approach involving the safety coefficient of anchoring components for steel shear keys is suggested.

• 인지과학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.77-93
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• 2022

선행 연구들에서는 그럴듯한 기준점이 극단적 기준점보다 더 큰 기준점 효과를 야기하는 반면, 주어진 문항과 관련된 개인의 지식수준이 높으면 기준점 효과가 작아진다고 보고하고 있다. 하지만 제시되는 기준점이 그럴듯한지 여부와 주어진 문항 자체의 난이도가 기준점 효과에 미치는 영향을 함께 살펴본 연구는 없었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기준점의 극단성과 문항의 난이도가 기준점 효과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았으며, 이에 더해 응답 확신도와 기준점 효과의 관계도 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 예비 연구를 통해 쉬운 문항과 어려운 문항, 그럴듯한 기준점과 극단적인 기준점을 선정하였다. 본 실험은 '표준 기준점 실험 절차' 에 따라 진행되었다. 연구 결과, 기준점의 극단성과 문항의 난이도는 각각 기준점 효과에 영향을 미쳤으며 문항의 난이도는 응답 확신도에도 또한 영향을 미쳤다. 구체적으로, 그럴듯한 기준점을 제시했을 때와 어려운 문항을 제시했을 때에 기준점 효과가 크게 나타났다. 또한 자신의 수행에 대한 확신이 낮을수록 극단적인 기준점이 제시되었을 때 기준점의 영향을 크게 받았다. 이러한 결과는 기준점이 그럴듯한지와 문항의 난이도에 따라 기준점 효과의 크기와 확신 정도, 그리고 기준점 효과와 확신도 사이의 상관관계가 다르게 나타난다는 것을 보여준다. 본 연구의 결과는 기준점의 특성이나 개인의 상태에 따라 기준점 효과가 달라진다고 제안하는 기준점 효과에 관한 태도 변화 관점을 뒷받침한다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2005년도 International Meeting on Information Displayvol.I
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• pp.97-100
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• 2005

The recent Bistable Nematic ($BiNem{(R)}$) LCD technology presents long term bistability, high level passive matrix multiplexing and high optical quality. The BiNem device, based on anchoring breaking, needs specific low anchoring strength materials - alignment layers and liquid crystal mixtures. We present here our approach to develop nematic mixtures with wide enough temperature range and low zenithal anchoring energy.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.485-498
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• 2019

Pre-tensioned rock bolts can be classified into fully anchored, lengthening anchored and point anchored bolts based on the bond length of the resin or cement mortar inside the borehole. Bolts in varying anchoring methods may significantly affect the supporting effect of surrounding rock around a tunnel. However, thus far, the theoretical basis of selecting a proper anchoring method has not been thoroughly investigated. Based on this problem, 16 schemes were designed while incorporating the effects of anchoring length, pretension, bolt length, and spacing, and a systematic numerical experiment was performed in this paper. The distribution characteristics of the stress field in the surrounding rock, which corresponded to various anchoring scenarios, were obtained. Furthermore, an analytical approach for computing the active and passive strengthening index of the anchored surrounding rock is presented. A new fully anchoring method with pretension and matching technology are also provided. Then, an isolated loading model of the anchored surrounding rock was constructed. The physical simulation test for the bearing capacity of the model was performed with three schemes. Finally, the strengthening mechanism of varying anchoring methods was validated. The research findings in this paper may provide theoretical guidelines for the design and construction of bolting support in tunnels.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2
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• pp.1078-1081
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• 2003

The polar anchoring strength and surface ordering in a NLC, 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB), on a rubbed polyimide (PI) surface containing trifluoromethyl moiety were studied. The large extrapolation length de of 5CB for washing process of water was measured at RS=114 mm. The polar anchoring energy of 5CB on the rubbed PI surface is decreased by the washing process. Also, the polar anchoring energy of 5CB increases with the rubbing strength on the PI surface. The surface ordering of 5CB for all washing processes is smaller than the non-washing process; it is attributed to the washing process.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.64-68
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• 1995

Vocal folds injury from vocal abuse is important topics of phonosurgery. Recent advances in diagnostic equipment, phonosurgery and speech analysis equipment have provided a lot of Information about fine movement of the vocal folds. However, predicting the reaction of the vocal folds to phonatory trauma remains difficult. The vocal folds need to withstand great vibratory and shearing stress and anchoring fibers of basement membrane Bone play a role in maintaining structural integrity of histologically different epidermis and superficial layer of lamina propria(cover of vocal folds). The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the changes of anchoring fibers in vocal polyp using transmission electron microscope. Various defects were observed : a irregular thickening of basement membrane, a near absence of normal anchoring fiber, a lot of electron dense material in superficial layer of lamina propria, a destruction of hemidesmosome and many vesicles carrying electron dense material In basal keratinocyte. These observations were suggestive of a hyperactivity of basal keratinocyte of vocal folds epithelium in response to vibratory stress.