• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2023

Objective: Although intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a way to deal with in vitro fertilization failure, 3% of couples still experience repeated fertilization failure after attempted ICSI, despite having sperm within normal parameters. These patients are a challenging group whose sperm cannot fertilize the egg during ICSI. Unfortunately, no test can predict the risk of fertilization failure. Phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) and transition nuclear proteins (TNPs) are essential factors for chromatin packaging during sperm maturation. This study aimed to assess PLCζ1 and TNP1 expression in the sperm of patients with fertilization failure and the correlations among the DNA fragmentation index, PLCζ1 and TNP1 gene and protein expression, and the risk of fertilization failure. Methods: In this study, 12 infertile couples with low fertilization rates (<25%) and complete failure of fertilization in their prior ICSI cycles despite normal sperm parameters were chosen as the case group. Fifteen individuals who underwent ICSI for the first time served as the control group. After sperm analysis and DNA fragmentation assays, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses were performed to compare the gene and protein expression of PLCζ and TNP1 in both groups. Results: DNA fragmentation was significantly higher in the fertilization failure group. The qRT-PCR and Western blot results demonstrated significantly lower PLCζ and TNP1 gene and protein expression in these patients than in controls. Conclusion: The present study showed that fertilization failure in normozoospermic men was probably due to deficient DNA packaging and expression of TNP1.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2022

Purpose: Pain perception is affected by a wide range of contributing factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors. Although the provision of visual information could have a modulatory effect on pain perception, it is unclear whether such a visual effect might vary depending on the anatomical site and stimulation type. This study aimed to analyze the modulatory effect of visual information on the perception of sharp and dull pain in the face and hand and to assess the influence of individual fear levels on modulatory visual information. Methods: A total of 68 healthy male and female volunteers were recruited for this study. Pressure and pricking pain with and without visual information were induced on the masseter and thenar muscles, and alterations in pain threshold were evaluated. The survey was conducted using the Geop-Pain Questionnaire (GPQ). Results: The pricking pain threshold of the hand was significantly elevated when viewing the stimulated hand. This result indicated that the provision of visual information could decrease sensitivity to sharp pain in the hand. However, when correlating the GPQ score with the alteration in thresholds induced by visual information, no significant correlation was observed between the GPQ score and the threshold difference induced by visual information. This finding showed that the visual effect was not significantly affected by the fear level. Conclusions: This study showed that the effect of visual information on the pain threshold could vary according to the anatomical site and stimulation type. A better understanding of such a modulatory effect on pain perception might be useful for clinicians during painful therapeutic procedures.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2023

Few studies have examined the basilar venous plexus (BVP) and to our knowledge, no previous study has described its histology. The present anatomical study was performed to better elucidate these structures. In ten cadavers, the BVP was dissected. The anatomical and histological evaluation of the intraluminal trabeculae within this sinus were evaluated. Once all gross measurements were made, the clivus and overlying BVP were harvested and submitted for histological analysis. A BVP was identified in all specimens and in each of these, intraluminal trabeculae were identified. The mean number of trabeculae per plexus was five. These were most concentrated in the upper half of the clivus and were more often centrally located. These septations traveled in a posterior to anterior direction and usually, from inferiorly to superiorly however some were noted to travel horizontally. In a few specimens the trabeculae had wider bases, especially on the posterior attachment to the meningeal layer of dura mater. More commonly, the trabeculae ended in a denticulate form at their two terminal ends. The trabeculae were on average were 0.85 mm in length. The mean width of the trabeculae was 0.35 mm. These septations were consistent with the cords of Willis as are found in the lumen of some of the other intradural venous sinuses. An understanding of the internal anatomy of the BVP can aid in our understanding of venous pathology. Furthermore, this knowledge will benefit patients undergoing interventional treatments that involve the BVP.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.807-819
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 참나무시들음병에 감염된 신갈나무의 기초자료를 확보하기 위하여, 해부학적 특징을 비교·분석하고자 하였다. 해부학적 특징을 비교하기 위해, 감염목, 고사목 및 건전재 신갈나무를 수에서부터 10~50번째 연륜까지 10연륜 단위로 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 목섬유 길이는 수에서부터 5연륜 단위로 측정하였고, 도관요소 직경 및 타일로시스를 포함한 도관의 비율은 10연륜별로 측정하였다. 횡단면 관찰 결과, 감염목과 고사목에서는 도관 내강에서 티일로시스와 함께 균사체가 관찰되었다. 목섬유 길이 및 도관요소 직경은 조사목 간 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 목섬유 길이는 미숙재 부위인 20~30연륜 이후 안정화되는 경향을 보였다. 타일로시스를 포함한 도관의 평균 비율은 감염목이 가장 높았고 특히, 감염목과 고사목은 40~50연륜에서 타일로시스의 비율이 가장 높았다. 이를 통하여, 참나무시들음병 피해목과 건전재 간에 큰 차이는 타일로시스의 비율로 생각되며, 피해목 이용에 있어 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것이라 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2018

본 연구는 우리나라에서 주요 용재로 사용되고 있는 소나무의 생장지역에 따른 해부학적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 지역 간 비교를 위해 태백산맥을 기준으로 영동(고성), 영서(홍천), 영남(봉화) 세 지역을 선정하였다. 같은 연도에 형성된 연륜을 사용하기 위해 연륜연대학의 크로스데이팅법으로 벌채연도를 분석한 결과, 고성, 홍천 및 봉화 산 목재의 벌채연도가 각각 2014, 2012, 2014년으로 나타났다. 분석된 벌채연도를 토대로 각 지역에서 채취된 소나무의 미성숙재(수부터 20번째 연륜까지), 심재(연륜 생성연도: 1955~1964y), 변재(연륜 생성연도: 2002~2011y)를 대상으로 가도관 길이와 직경을 측정하였다. 산지 간 가도관 길이는 미성숙재에서는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 심재와 변재부에서는 봉화, 홍천 고성 산 순으로 나타났다. 가도관 직경의 경우도 봉화 산이 높게 나타났다. 가도관 길이의 방사방향변이는 약 20년 전후에 증가하다가 안정되는 경향을 보였다. 현미경을 이용한 목재해부학적 관찰에 따르면 세 지역 모두 전형적인 소나무의 특성을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2003

Background : Important factors to determine treatment method and prognosis of oral cancer are anatomical site, tumor size, metastatic lesion, histologic cell differenciation and microvascular invasion. Anatomical site has great effect to oral cancer patient's survival rate because each site's accessibility and lymph node metastasis is different but this factor was't studied much than other factors. Patients and Methods : 228 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of common primary sites(Mandible, Maxilla, Floor of Mouth and Tongue) in oral cavity who were diagnosed in the Korea Cancer Center Hospital from January 1989 to December 1999, were clinically studied and analyzed on survival rate. Results : 1. Survival rates of each anatomical sites were Tongue(36.8%), Mandible(33.3%), Maxilla(28.7%) and Floor of Mouth(24.5%). Survival rates difference between Tongue and Floor of Mouth has significance(p<0.05). 2. Survival rates for early cancer of each site were Maxilla(100%), Mandible(57.1%), Tongue(54.2%) and Floor of Mouth(46.7%). Survival rates difference between Maxilla and Floor of Mouth has significance(p<0.05). 3. Survival rates by surgery method of each site were Maxilla(60.6%), Tongue(56.9%), Mandible(44.8%) and Floor of Mouth(26.3%). Survival rates difference between Maxilla and Floor of Mouth has significance(p<0.05). 4. Survival rates by radiation or chemo method of each site were Floor of Mouth(23.5%), Mandible(20.0%), Maxilla(9.5%), and Tongue(9.1%). Survival rates difference between each site doesn't have significance(p>0.05). 5. In advance stage, Survival rates by single therapy of each site were Tongue(33.6%), Mandible(23.5%), Floor of Mouth(16.7%), Maxilla(0%), and Survival rates difference between Maxilla and Tongue has significance (p<0.05). Survival rates by combination therapy of each site were Mandible(38.1%), Maxilla(30.0%), Floor of mouth(18.2%), Tongue(12.5%), and Survival rates difference between Mandible and Tongue has significance(p<0.05). Conclusion : Survival rate of tongue is higher than the other sites, early detection of oral cancer can increase survival rate at any site and combination therapy is the most effetive method, especially at maxilla.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2005

위암은 국내에서 발생 빈도가 가장 높은 암으로서 근치적 절제술 및 확대 영역 림프절 절제술의 도입과 더불어 술후 보조 항암화학요법 및 면역요법 등의 이용으로 최근 치료성적의 향상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 수술적 치료를 포함한 치료법의 발전에도 불구하고 다양한 형태의 재발을 경험하게 되고, 대부분의 재발은 3년 이내에 일어난다. 재발양상으로는 크게 국소재발, 원격재발, 복막재발 등이 있으며, 여러 가지 재발양상이 한꺼번에 보이는 경우도 있다. 이 중 국소재발의 호발 부위로는 림프절($48\%$), 문합부($32\%$, 잔존 위($20\%$)의 순으로 보고되고 있다. 증례: 51세의 여자 환자로 1999년 10월 진행성 위암으로 근치적 위전절제술을 시행 받았고, 당시 병기는 T3N1M0(IIIa,AJCC 1997)이었다. 수술 후 10회의 보조적 정맥 주사용 항암화학요법 및 경구용 항암화학요법을 2년간 실시하였고, 외래를 통한 추적검사상 약 5년간 재발을 보이지 않았으나 2004년 9월 시행한 내시경상 Kim's tie 부근공장에서 궤양성 병변을 발견하고 조직검사를 시행, 병리학적으로 낮은 분화도를 보이는 인환 세포암종 형태의 위선암 재발로 진단하고 수술을 시행하였다. 수술 방법은 Kim's tie 위치를 포함해 근위부 6.5 cm, 원위부 4 cm의 절제연을 두고 공장부분 절제술을 시행하였다. 수술 당시 다른 복부장기로 전이는 없었으며 전이성 복수도 없었다. 수술 후 별다른 합병증 없이 회복하였으며 보조 항암화학요법 제제로써 TS-1을 사용하며 외래 통한 추적검사 중이다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2018

본 연구는 닥나무의 삼단면 관찰을 통하여 공통된 해부학적 특성을 가지는지 확인하고 닥나무 인피섬유의 섬유장 폭, 내강폭과 같은 형태학적 특징과 화학적 특징을 통해 펄프, 제지공정에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자들을 분석하였다. 닥나무는 환공재, 반환공재이며 대도관이 고립관공으로 방사상배열이다. 접선단면 방사조직은 1~3열이고 나선비후가 관찰되어져 공통적으로 동일한 해부학적 특성이 나타났다. 인피섬유의 형태학적 특징으로는 섬유장 6.58~9.01 mm, 섬유폭 $15.85{\sim}27.80{\mu}m$, 내강폭 $4.50{\sim}12.54{\mu}m$로 나타났다. 펄프, 제지공정에 중요한 특성으로 여겨지는 runkel ratio, slenderness ratio 등을 고려했을 때 강원도 D시료가 가장 적합하였다. 인피섬유의 화학적 특성으로 경상도 C시료가 낮은 추출물 함량과 높은 셀룰로오스 함량을 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 섬유의 형태학, 화학적 특성은 한지 제조 후 품질을 결정하는 주요 인자의 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2015

Background: Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is a common and disabling problem among carpet weavers and is linked to physical and psychosocial factors of work. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MSP, its psychosocial risk factors, and association of pain in each pair of anatomical sites among carpet weavers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 546 hand-woven carpet weavers in rural small-scale workshops of Iran. Data were collected by using parts of a standardized CUPID (Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability) questionnaire focused on MSP in 10 body sites, including the low-back, neck, both right and left shoulders, elbows, wrists/hands, individual, physical and psychosocial risk factors. Statistical analysis was performed applying logistic regression models. Results: Prevalence of MSP in at least one body sitewas 51.7% over the past month. The most common sites were low back and right shoulder pain 27.4% and 20.1%, respectively. A significant difference was found between the mean number of painful anatomical sites and the level of education, age, physical loading at work, time pressure, lack of support, and job dissatisfaction. In pairwise comparisons, strongest association was found between pain in each bilateral anatomical site (odds ratio = 11.6-35.3; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In home-based workshops of carpet weaving, psychosocial factors and physical loading were associated with MSP. This finding is consistent with studies conducted among other jobs. Considering the preventive programs, the same amount of attention should be paid to psychosocial risk factors and physical loading. Also, further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the relationship of psychological factors.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2009

Objective : Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is frequently used to localize language areas in a non-invasive manner. Various paradigms for presurgical localization of language areas have been developed, but a systematic quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of those paradigms has not been performed. In the present study, the authors analyzed different language paradigms to see which paradigm is most efficient in localizing frontal language areas. Methods : Five men and five women with no neurological deficits participated (mean age, 24 years) in this study. All volunteers were right-handed. Each subject performed 4 tasks, including fixation (Fix), sentence reading (SRI. pseudoword reading (PR), and word generation (WG). Fixation and pseudoword reading were used as contrasts. The functional area was defined as the area(s) with a t-value of more than 3.92 in fMRI with different tasks. To apply an anatomical constraint, we used a brain atlas mapping system, which is available in AFNI, to define the anatomical frontal language area. The numbers of voxels in overlapped area between anatomical and functional area were individually counted in the frontal expressive language area. Results : Of the various combinations, the word generation task was most effective in delineating the frontal expressive language area when fixation was used as a contrast (p<0.05). The sensitivity of this test for localizing Broca's area was 81 % and specificity was 70%. Conclusion : Word generation versus fixation could effectively and reliably delineate the frontal language area. A customized effective paradigm should be analyzed in order to evaluate various language functions.