• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 1990

Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is an extremely rare primary neoplasm, comprising only 1.1% of all primary thyroid cancers. The cancer is characterized by rapidly progressive clinical course in spite of its differentiated morphologic feature. Histogenetic origin of the cancer has also been debated. In most cases, a squamous epithelium is believed to be a result of metaplasia of a follicullar epithelium, although in rare exceptions, it can originate from a remnant of the thyroglossal duct or ultimobrachial body. Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid can occur in a pure form or mixed with adenocarcinoma; the latter may be designated as adenoacanthoma. Because this lesion typically runs a fulminant course, radical surgical resection at the earliest opportunity offers the best hope for cure. The lesions are usually radioresistant, and chemotherapy has not been shown to alter the course of this disease. We experienced a case of squamous carcinoma of the thyroid. This report summarize our experience and review of the literatures.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.624-629
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• 2012

This study examined the anatomical relationships along with the variability of the facial nerve trunk and its branches with an emphasis on the intraparotid connections between the divisions. And histomorphometric observations of the facial nerve branches and fascicles were performed on 40 Korean half-heads. The facial nerve trunk was bifurcated into two main divisions(35/40, 87.5%) and the other five cases were divided into a trifurcation pattern. According to the origin of the buccal branch, the branching patterns of the facia l nerve were classified into four categories. Communications between the facial and auriculotemporal nerve branches were observed in 37 out of 40 cases(92.5%). In the histological observation, the buccal branch had the greatest number of branches(3.47), however the zygomatic branch had the largest diameters(0.93mm). This detailed description of the facial nerve anatomy wi ll provide useful information for surgical procedures such as a tumor resection. a facial nerve reconstruction, autonerve graft. and facelift.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.152-156
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• 2014

Intracisternal accessory nerve schwannomas are very rare; only 18 cases have been reported in the literature. In the majority of cases, the tumor origin was the spinal root of the accessory nerve and the tumors usually presented with symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension, cerebellar ataxia, and myelopathy. Here, we report a unique case of an intracisternal schwannoma arising from the cranial root of the accessory nerve in a 58-year-old woman. The patient presented with the atypical symptom of hoarseness associated with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy which is noted by needle electromyography, and mild hypesthesia on the left side of her body. The tumor was completely removed with sacrifice of the originating nerve rootlet, but no additional neurological deficits. In this report, we describe the anatomical basis for the patient's unusual clinical symptoms and discuss the feasibility and safety of sacrificing the cranial rootlet of the accessory nerve in an effort to achieve total tumor resection. To our knowledge, this is the first case of schwannoma originating from the cranial root of the accessory nerve that has been associated with the symptoms of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.402-414
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• 2018

Species identification of wood provides important information for archaeology, restoration of cultural assets, preventing illegal logging, and more. Wood species are usually identified based on their anatomical features with the use of a microscope. However, this method may not be able to distinguish between anatomically similar species or subspecies. To overcome this problem, wood species need to be identified at the molecular level using DNA sequencing. However, unlike living plant cells, wood is difficult to pulverize using a mortar, and DNA extraction from dried wood is challenging. To solve these problems, we propose a pretreatment method in which wood is pulverized using 60-grit sandpaper and hydrated with water for 2 days. Using this method, we were able to stably amplify the rpoB gene from the extracted DNA of Pinus rigida. In addition, sequence analysis of the rpoB gene revealed six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which classified the rpoB sequences in the genus Pinus into five groups. Our data indicate that although these SNPs were not suitable for species identification, they can potentially be used to determine the origin of different wood subspecies or individual samples of wood.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.541-549
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• 2001

The term 'silent period(SP)' refers to a transitory, relative or absolute decrease electromyography(EMG) activity, evoked in the midst of an otherwise sustained contraction. Masseteric SP is elicited by a tap on the chin during isometric contraction of masseter muscle. In this paper, a new EMG signal generation model including SP in masseter muscle is proposed. This work is based on the anatomical structure of trigeminal nerve system that related on temporomandibular joint(TMJ) dysfunction. And it was verified by comparing the real EMG signals including SP in masseter muscle to the simulated signals by the proposed model. Through this studies, it was shown that SP has relation to variable neurophysiological phenomena. A proposed model is based on the control system theory and DSP(Digital Signal Processing) theory, and was simulated using MATLAB simulink. As a result, the proposed SP model generated EMG signals which are similar to real EMG signal including normal SP and an abnormal extended SP. This model can be applied to the diagnosis of TMJ dysfunction and can effectively explain the origin of extended SP.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1991

The malignant fibrous histiocytoma was the most common soft tissue sarcoma in late life adult. It was first described in 1964 by 0' Brien and Stout. It's histiogenesis had been considered to be of histiocytic origin. It Involves the extremities, retroperitoneum and trunk. It usually metastasizes to the lung. but primary lung lesion is extremly rare and it's prognosis was poor. We have experienced a case of MFR, which was confirmed by open lung biopsy. So we report a case of MFR of the lung with review of literature.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 1993

In out-patient clinic, it seems to be common that most back pain arise from muscular origins rather than from skeletal origins. Most physicians have wished to diagnose lower back pain from the radiologic findings only. From clinical experiences and anatomical studies, I have gotten a different opinion from common sense about backaches. If I met a patient who had lower back pain around the posterior superior iliac crest(P.S.I.C.) area, I would had to search a trigger point in the erector spinae muscles at the level of thoraco-lumber junction rather than at the level of the painful site. It is why that sensory innervation over the posterior superior iliac crest area is the posterior primary branch of T12 spinal nerve running down through the erector spinae muscles. Pain on the iliac crest area is supposedly due to hyperirritability of the sensory nerve distributing to this area. Hyperirritability of the posterior primary branch of $T_{12}$ spinal nerve may be due to the spasm of the longissimus thoracis muscle in the erector spinae muscles at the level of the thoraco-lumbar junction. So finally, I would like to insist that spasmolytic treatment on the muscle at the level of the thoraco-lumbar junction would be better for pain relief around P.S.I.C. than treatment at the painful site only.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.441-447
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• 2023

One of the suprahyoid muscles is the digastric muscle which comprises anterior and posterior bellies joined by an intermediate tendon. Because of its close relationship with the submandibular gland, lymph nodes, and chief vessels of the neck, detailed knowledge about the morphometry of the digastric muscle is essential. The objective of the current cross-sectional evaluative study is to record morphometry along with the digastric muscle's origin, insertion, and variability. Forty human cadavers (25 males and 15 females) were dissected, and the head and neck regions were studied in detail. The attachment of the digastric muscle anterior belly to the digastric fossa of the mandible was noted, and the distal attachment of the posterior belly to the mastoid notch was traced. The length of the anterior belly from the digastric fossa to its intermediate tendon and the length of the posterior belly from the intermediate tendon to its mastoid attachment were measured. There is a fair correlation between the length of the neck and the length of the anterior and posterior belly. The study also identified two cases of bilateral accessory bellies of the anterior belly of the digastric. Normal morphometric data is provided by this study on details of the digastric muscle. It is significant from a clinical and surgical point of view as the muscle lies in proximity to the important structures of the neck.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.511-521
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• 1992

The distribution of the hepatic arteries within the liver in 30 Korean native cattle were observed. Vinylite solution was injected into the hepatic arteries of 10 livers for cast preparation. The angiography was prepared in 20 livers by injected 30% barium sulfate solution into the hepatic arteries and then radiographed on X-ray apparatus. The results were summarized as follow ; 1. The hepatic arteries were divided into the Ramus (R.) sinister, R. dexter and R. intermedius. The intrahepatic arteries were derived from the R. sinister and R. dexter. The R. intermedius divided into the Arteria(A.) gastrica dextra, A. gastroduodenalis and A. cystica. 2. The right branch (ramus dexter) of the hepatic artery supplies the right lobe and caudate process. It consisted of the A. dorsalis lobi dextri, A. ventralis lobi dextri and A. lobi caudati. They formed one common trunk with three arteries(6 cases, 20%), and two arteries formed common trunk with the A. ventralis lobi dextri and A. lobi caudati (16 cases, 52.8%), or with A. dorsalis lobi dextri and A. lobi caudati (5 cases, 16.5%). The three arteries arose from the A. hepatia independently(3 cases, 10%). 3. The left branch (ramus sinister), larger than the right and often double (6 cases, 20%), supplies the caudate, quadrate and left lobes, and often gives origin to the A. gastrica dextra. 4. The branches of hepatic artery in the left lobe were derived from A. dorsalis lobi sinistri, A. ventralis lobi sinistri and A. intermedius lobi sinistri. The A. intermedius lobi sinistri were absent in some cases (3 cases, 10%). They almostly originated a single branch and often two branches. 5. The A. cystica arose from the R. intermedius(27 cases, 90%) and A. hepaica(3 cases, 10%). 6. The Rami processus papillarum arose from dorsal border of the Pars transversa of the left branch(19 cases, 62.7%), the left branch and right branch (9 cases, 30%) or A. hepatica(2 cases, 6.6%). 7. The A. lobi quadrata arose from either the Pars transversa of left branch (12 cases, 40%) or A. hepatica(4 cases, 13.2%). It also arose from both Pars transversa of left branch and A. ventralis lobi sinistri (3 cases, 10%). 8. The anastomosis on the branches of A. hepatica was observed in intrahepatic and cystic arteries. The left and right branches ramified several secondary radiating branches within the liver. 9. The hepatic arteries formed a very short common trunk of the right branch ($18.75{\pm}11.89$ : 2.20~44.8mm) and a long Pars transversa of the left branch($72.85{\pm}20.04$ : 28.2~104.1mm). 10. The ramified angles at the A. dorsalis lobi dextri, A. ventralis lobi dextri, A. lobi sinistri, A. ventralis lobi sinistri, A. lobi quadrata, A. cystica and Rami processus papillarum were 50-80, 270-300, 340-20, 120-160, 160-290, 200-230, 250~290, 230~280 and 80~120 degrees, respectively.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1988

The abdominal tumors in children are different from those of adult. These tumors are the third most common one, preceded by leukemia and brain tumors, in children under 15 years. X-ray examination is the most important method among diagnostic approaches. The role of diagnostic imaging is to identify the precise anatomic location and extent of pathologic process with the minimal number of imaging procedures. 23 cases of abdominal tumors were reviewed in respect of age incidence, site of origin, radiologic findings. The results are briefly summarized as follows : 1. Neuroblastoma was the most common(6 cases) and wi1m's tumor(5 cases), choledocal cyst(4 cases), ovarian mass(3 cases), hydronephrosis(2 cases), were descending order in frequency. 2. The most common site was retroperitoneum(60%). Kidney was the single most common site of origin. 3. Radiologic findings. The most common findings of plain radiography was ill defined soft tissue mass and this method was helpful in the presence of calcification especially in neuroblastoma. Ultrasonographic pattern was anechoic(cystic), echoic or mixed pattern, but this method provide less precise anatomical details, nevertheless ultrasonography wes paticullary useful imaging modality for the pediatric abdominal tumors. IVP findings were renal displacement, caliceopelvic system distortion or nonvisualization of kidney, these information was helpful in determining the location of tumors. CT scan showed homogenous or inhomogenous, cystic or solid, mass with their anatomic location. 4. Ultrasonography was the most widely used specific diagnostic method, but had limited value in detecting the anatomic location of tumors. CT scan was superior to ultrasound for determining the extent of tumors.