• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2014

In skin-marker based motion analysis, knee translation measurement is highly dependent on a pre-selected reference point (functional center) on each segment determined by the location of anatomical landmarks. However, the placement of skin markers on palpable anatomical landmarks (i.e., femoral epicondyles) has limited reproducibility. Thus, it produces large variances in knee translation measurement among different subjects, as well as across studies. In order improve the repeatability of knee translation measurement, in this study an optimization method was introduced, by which the femoral functional center was numerically determined. At that point the knee anteroposterior translation during the stance phase of walking was minimized. This new method was tested on 30 healthy subjects during walking in gait lab with motion capture system. Using this new method, the impact of skin marker position (at anatomical landmarks) on the knee translation measurement has been minimized. In addition, the ranges of anteroposterior knee translations during stance phase were significantly (p<0.001) smaller than those measured by conventional method which relies on a pre-selected functional center ($11.1{\pm}3.5mm$ vs. $19.9{\pm}5.5mm$). The results of anteroposterior translation using this new method were very close to a previously reported knee translation (12.4 mm) from dual fluoroscopic imaging technique. Moreover, this new method increased the reproducibility of knee translation measurement by 50%.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.61-62
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• 2009

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2005

The human knee joint is the intermediate joint of the lower limb that is the largest and most complex joint in the body. Understanding of joint-articulating surface motion is essential for the joint wear, stability, mobility, degeneration, determination of proper diagnosis and so on. However, many studies analyzed the passive motion of the lower limb because of the skin marker artefact and some studies described medial and lateral condyle of a femur as a simple sphere due to the complexity of geometry. Thus, in this paper, we constructed a three-dimensional geometric model of the human knee from the geometry of its anatomical structures using non-uniform B-spline surface fitting as a study for the kinematic analysis of more realistic human knee model. In addition, we developed and verified 6-DOF contact model of the human knee joint using $C^2$ continuous surface of the inferior region of a femur, considering the relative motion of shank to thigh during locomotion.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2002

The knee joint is composed of 3 skeletons that is the femoral bone, the tibial bone, and the patella bone. The tibiofemoral pint and patellofemoral pint act with the meniscus, so these function that is maintain the stabilities by the surrounding soft tissue is complex. The protection mechanism(muscle tension) of the surrounding muscles for the joint disease(Arthritis) limits consistently the motion of the pint to decrease the internal pressure of the joint, and these muscle tension acts with abnormal function for the surrounding tissue and the joint, sometimes the contracture is developed, if the joint with disease is not recovery or treated within early time. So we worked out efficient orthopedic local taping for the patient who is complained of the knee pint pain using the literature investigation about the anatomical structure and the biomechanics of the knee pint for the muscle and the pint problem esp, the rotation of the tibia, the dislocation of the patella, and the motion of the meniscus that is developed due to tension of surrounding muscles of the knee pint. And application of the pint mobilization, the stretching, and the muscle strengthening exercise for the pint will become successful treatment for the joint disease.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1554-1559
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• 2003

This study validated the musculoskeletal model of the human lower extremity by comparative study between calculated muscle parameters through simulation using modified hill-type model and measured them through isokinetic exercise. And the relationship between muscle forces and moments participated in motion was quantified from the results of simulation. For simulation of isokinetic motion, a three-dimensional anatomical knee model was constructed using trials of gait analysis and the EMG-force model was used to determine muscle activation level exciting muscles. The modified Hill-type model was used to calculate individual muscle forces and moments in dynmaic analysis and the results were validated by comparing them of experiments on BIODEX. The results showed that there was a high correlation between calculated torques from simulation and measured them from experiments for isokinetic motion(R=0.97). Therefore we concluded that the simulation by using musculoskeletal model was so useful means to predict and convalesce musculoskeletal-related diseases, and analyze unrealizable experiment such as clash condition.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.161-173
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• 2005

Recently among several tennis techniques forehand stroke has been greatly changed in the aspect of spin, grip and stance. The most fundamental factor among the three factors is the stance which consists of open, square and closed stance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the segments of the body, the three dimensional anatomical angle according to open stance patterns during forehand stroke in tennis. For the movement analysis three dimensional cinematographical method(APAS) was used and for the calculation of the kinematic variables a self developed program was used with the LabVlEW 6.1 graphical programming(Johnson, 1999) program. By using Eular's equations the three dimensional anatomical Cardan angles of the joint and racket head angle were defined 1. In three dimensional maximum linear velocity of racket head the X axis showed $11.41{\pm}5.27m/s$ at impact, not the Y axis(horizontal direction) and the z axis(vertical direction) maximum linear velocity of racket head did not show at impact but after impact this will resulted influence upon hitting ball It could be suggest that Y axis velocity of racket head influence on ball direction and z axis velocity influence on ball spin after impact. the stance distance between right foot and left foot was mean $74.2{\pm}11.2m$. 2. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of shoulder joint showed most important role in forehand stroke. and is followed by wrist joints, in addition the movement of elbow joints showed least to the stroke. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of racket increased flexion/abduction angle until the impact. after impact, The angular displacement of racket changed motion direction as extension/adduction. 3. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk in flexion-extension showed extension all around the forehand stroke. The angular displacement of trunk in adduction-abduction showed abduction at the backswing top and adduction around impact. while there is no significant internal-external rotation 4. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of hip joint and knee joint increased extension angle after minimum of knee joint angle in the forehand stroke, The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of ankle joint showed plantar flexion, internal rotation and eversion in forehand stroke. it could be suggest that the plantar pressure of open stance during forehand stroke would be distributed more largely to the fore foot. and lateral side.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was carried out to review the correlation between foot shape(supination foot, pronation foot) and low back pain, hip abduction muscle and ankle lateral sprain. Methods : By using internet, we research the PubMed, Science Direct, KISS, DBpia We selected the article between 1990 and 2007. Key words were supination foot, pronation foot, balance. Results : Normal control balance of human body needs a optimal anatomical alignment and function of musculoskeletal and central nerve system that control continuously to integrate. Especially ankle and foot complex play an important role in postural control because it is located distal part in human body. Supination foot brings to chronic ankle sprain or chronic ankle instability and range of motion limitation due to the weakness of lateral ankle muscle. Pronation foot brings to knee injury because of lower leg internal rotation force. Conclusion : Excessive supination and pronation foot happen to muscle imbalance. Especially weakness of hip abduction or injury of ankle lateral muscle or low back pain are due to abnormal balance and anatomical alignment.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2022

In this study, a cycling smart wear for measuring cycling posture and motion was developed using a three-dimensional motion analysis camera and an IMU inertial sensor. Results were compared according to parts to derive the optimal smart device attachment location, enabling correct posture measurement and cycle motion analysis to design a pattern. Conclusions were as follows: 1) 'S-T8' > 'S-T10' > 'S-L4' was the most significant area for each lumbar spine using a 3D motion analysis system with representative posture change (90°, 60°, 30°) to derive incisions and size specifications; 2) the part with the smallest relative angle change among significant section reference points during pattern design was applied as a reference point for attaching a cycling smart device to secure detachable safety of the device. Optimal locations for attaching the cycling device were the "S-L4" hip bone (Sacrum) and lumbar spine No. 4 (Lumbar 4^th); 3) the most suitable sensor attachment location for monitoring knee induction-abduction was the anatomical location of the rectus femoris; 4) a cycling smart wear pattern was developed without incision in the part where the sensor and electrode passed. The wearing was confirmed with 3D CLO. This study aims to provide basic research on exercise analysis smart wear, to expand the smart cycling area that could only be realized with smart devices and smart watches attached to current cycles, and to provide an opportunity to commercialize it as cycling smart wear.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.650-659
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• 2020

The present study provides reference data required for the design of clothing for the elderly by analyzing the body surface area during fitness motion based on 3D scan data of Korean elderly women. This study was conducted with the procedures of (1) survey of motions and main muscles for fitness, (2) acquisition of 3D scan data, and (3) analysis of rate of change for body surface area during fitness motion. Acquisition of 3D body scan data was obtained from seven elderly females (age: 64-77). We selected 66 anatomical landmarks (40 upper body and 22 lower body) by referring to previous studies. Body surface was segmented by connecting the landmarks marked on the 3D scan data acquired. Analysis of body surface area was conducted in terms of the change rate of surface area in 9 postures of elbow 0°, 90° and 180° for flexion, shoulder 90°, 180° for flexion, shoulder 0°, 180° for abduction, hip 90° for flexion, and knee 90° for flexion compared to the those in the standing posture. The amount of changes in body surface area were 12%-62% in the upper body, 15%-77% in the arm, and 10%-51% in the lower body. A future study on the rate of change of body surface length is needed; in addition, a study on how to apply the results of body surface area and body surface length analysis to clothing pattern design is also necessary.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.132-137
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• 1999

목 적 : 관절경하에서 전위된 경골극 골절을 suture hook와 PDS를 이용하여 견인봉합술을 실시하고 그 수술수기와 임상적 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 1997년 2월부터 1998년 6월까지 견인봉합술을 시행한 12명의 환자중 최소 1년이상 추시관찰이 가능하였던 7명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 7예 모두 수상후 3주이내의 급성 손상이며 증상 발현부터 수술까지의 평균 기간은 6.1일이었다. 7예중 4예에서 반월상 연골판파열, 내측 측부 인대손상등의 동반손상이 발견되었고 경골극 골절에 대한 수술시 동반손상에 대한 수술적 치료도 병행하였다. 결 과 : 추시기간은 평균 16.6개월로서, 7례 모두에서 골유합을 얻을수 있었으며 골유합시기는 평균 7.4주였다. 후방십자인대 견열골절 및 외측 반월상 연골판손상이 동반된 환자중 1례에서 관절 운동의 제한이 있었으나 수술후 1년 뒤 관절경적 유착 제거술이후 정상 관절 운동 범위를 보였다. 1명의 환자에서 경도의 전방 불안정성의 소견을 보였으나 자각증세나 일상생활의 제한이 없었다. 결 론 : Suture hook과 PDS를 이용한 관절경적 수술은 골편이 작거나 분쇄골절인 경우에도 해부학적 정복을 얻을수 있고, 조기 재활도 가능하므로 전위된 경골극 골절치료에 있어서 유용한 방법의 하나로 사료된다.